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    Class 03: 8051 Microcontroller Memory Organisation

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    ShabeebaNawab
    The document discusses memory organization in 8051 microcontrollers. It describes data memory as RAM that stores variables and results, while program memory is ROM that stores CPU instructions. It then details the internal RAM organization of 8051 microcontrollers including register banks that can be selected using the PSW, and a stack area pointed to by the SP register for temporary storage. Data is pushed onto and popped off the stack by incrementing or decrementing the SP.

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    Class 03: 8051 Microcontroller Memory Organisation

    Uploaded by

    ShabeebaNawab
    56 views7 pages
    The document discusses memory organization in 8051 microcontrollers. It describes data memory as RAM that stores variables and results, while program memory is ROM that stores CPU instructions. It then details the internal RAM organization of 8051 microcontrollers including register banks that can be selected using the PSW, and a stack area pointed to by the SP register for temporary storage. Data is pushed onto and popped off the stack by incrementing or decrementing the SP.

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    Class 03_MC

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    The document discusses memory organization in 8051 microcontrollers. It describes data memory as RAM that stores variables and results, while program memory is ROM that stores CPU instructions. It then details the internal RAM organization of 8051 microcontrollers including register banks that can be selected using the PSW, and a stack area pointed to by the SP register for temporary storage. Data is pushed onto and popped off the stack by incrementing or decrementing the SP.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    56 views7 pages

    Class 03: 8051 Microcontroller Memory Organisation

    Uploaded by

    ShabeebaNawab
    The document discusses memory organization in 8051 microcontrollers. It describes data memory as RAM that stores variables and results, while program memory is ROM that stores CPU instructions. It then details the internal RAM organization of 8051 microcontrollers including register banks that can be selected using the PSW, and a stack area pointed to by the SP register for temporary storage. Data is pushed onto and popped off the stack by incrementing or decrementing the SP.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Class 03: 8051

    Microcontroller Memory
    organisation
    Memory Organisation
    Data Memory
     Data Memory in a Microcontroller is responsible for storing values
    of variables, temporary data, intermediate results and other data for
    proper operation of the program.

     Data Memory is often called as RAM (Random Access Memory),


    which is a type of volatile memory.

    Program Memory

     The instructions of the CPU are stored in the Program Memory.

     It is usually implemented as Read Only Memory or ROM, where the


    Program written in to it will be retained even when the power is
    down or the system is reset.
    Internal Data Memory (RAM) Organisation
     The Data Memory or RAM of the 8051
    Microcontroller stores temporary data and
    intermediate results that are generated and used during
    the normal operation of the MC.
     Original Intel’s 8051 Microcontroller had 128B of
    internal RAM.
     In the first 128B (32B) i.e. memory addresses from
    00H to 7FH is divided in to Working Registers
    (Scratch Pad Area) (organized as Register Banks), Bit – Addressable Area
    and General Purpose RAM (also known as Scratchpad
    area).

     But almost all modern variants of 8051 Microcontroller have 256B of RAM.
    Register Bank Area
    • In the first 128B of RAM (from 00H to 7FH), the
    first 32B i.e. memory from addresses 00H to 1FH
    consists of 32 Working Registers that are
    organized as four banks with 8 Registers in each
    Bank.
    • But only one register bank can be used at any
    (Stack)
    point in time. To select the register bank, two bits
    of PSW (Program Status Word) are used.
    • Each Bank consists of 8 registers named as R0 –
    R7. Each Register can be addressed in two ways:
    either by name or by address.
    How to Switch Register Banks

    Register bank 0 is the default when the 8051 is powered up.


    We can switch to the other banks using PSW register.
    D4 and D3 bits of the PSW are used to select the desired register bank, since
    they can be accessed by the bit addressable instructions SETB and CLR.
    For example, "SETB PSW.3" will set PSW.3 = 1 and select the bank register 1.

    PSW Register (all 8051 and 251 variants) RS10 RS21 Bank Selected
    0 0 Bank0
    Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
    CY AC FO RS1 RS0 OV UD P 0 1 Bank1
    1 0 Bank2
    1 1 Bank3
    Stack
    • The stack is a section of RAM used by the
    CPU to store information temporarily. This
    information could be data or an address. The
    CPU needs this storage area since there are
    only a limited number of registers.
    • Here the stack pointer (SP) is an only 8-bit
    register, because the internal RAM area is only
    in range 00H to 7FH, and when all register
    banks are being used, the stack location will be
    in range 30H to 7FH. So in such a case, the SP
    will be initialized with 2FH.
    How Stacks are Accessed

     The storing operation of a CPU register in the stack is known as a PUSH, and
    getting the contents from the stack back into a CPU register is called a POP.
    Pushing into the Stack
     In the 8051, the stack pointer (SP) points to the last used location of the stack.
    When data is pushed onto the stack, the stack pointer (SP) is incremented by 1.
     When PUSH is executed, the contents of the register are saved on the stack and
    SP is incremented by 1.
     To push the registers onto the stack, we must use their RAM addresses. For
    example, the instruction "PUSH 1" pushes register R1 onto the stack.
    Popping from the Stack
     Popping the contents of the stack back into a given register is the opposite to
    the process of pushing. With every pop operation, the top byte of the stack is
    copied to the register specified by the instruction and the stack pointer is

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