The Story of

Adverb Phrase and

Clause
 2

Hello!
We are from Kuch Kuch Hota Hai
We are here because we love to give presentations
 Kuch Kuch Hota Hai 3

Fika Nury Defriyanti

Hidayati Ulfa
Imam Tarmuzi
Muhammad Ikhsan Munggaran
Nyoman Dian Kristanti Widasari
Rizky Adijaya Pradhana
Sandy Eka Kurniawan
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Main topic
7. Expressing Conditions In Adverb
1. Adverb Phrase Clauses: If-clauses
2. Adverb Clause 8. Shortened If – Clauses
3. Using Adverb Clauses To Show 9. Adverb Clauses Of Condition : Using
Time Relationships Whether Or Not And Even If
4. Adverb of cause and effect 10. Adverb Clauses Of Condition : Using
5. Expressing Contrast (umexpected Incase
Result) : Using Even though 11. Adverb Clauses Of Condition : Using
6. Showing Direct Contrast : While Unless
12. Adverb Clauses Of Condition : Using
Only If
1. ADVERB PHRASE
Muhammad Ikhsan Munggaran
 Adverb Phrase
What is adverb phrase?

Adverb Phrase

Tell us more about verbs. Group of words

How, when, where, etc. No subject and predicate
Verb helpers Does not make sense by itself

Ex : He drives the car carefully Ex : very carefully, as fast as

possible, very beautiful
how
 Adverb Phrase
What is adverb phrase?

Just an adverb with a phrase

Ex :
 He drives the car very carefully
 Dad got home very late
 They almost never invite people to their
house these days
 That dog behaves incredibly stupidly
 The train will probably be late
 Unfortunately for me, I can’t speak Italian
 Adverb Phrase Types and meanings

Manner, How something happens Degree, how much or to what degree

something happens
Place, where shomething happens
Certainty or necessity, how certain or
Time, when something happens necessary something is
Duration, how long something happens Evaluative, the speaker’s opinion of
Frequency, how often something happens something

Focusing, something spesific Viewpoint, the speaker’s perspective or

reaction

Linking, relationships between clauses and

sentences

For the example you can oppen https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/adjective-and-adverb-phrases/adverb-phrases

2. ADVERB CLAUSE
Imam Tarmuzi
 Introduction

Adverb clauses are used to show relationships between

ideas. They show relationships of time, cause and effec,
contrast, andcondition.
Adverb clauses are dependent clauses. They cannot
stand alone as a sentence in written English. They must
be connected to a main or independent clauses.
 Introduction

An adverbial clause is an adjunct. This means it can be

removed without the sentence being grammatically wrong. An
adverbial clause usually starts with a subordinating conjunction
(e.g., although, because, if, until, when). An adverbial
clause will contain a subject and a verb. (This is what makes it a
clause as opposed to a phrase.)
 Example
1. Because he was sleepy, he went to bed
2. He went to bed because he was sleepy

PUNCTUATION:
When an adverb clause precedes a main clause, as in (1), a
comma is used to separate the clauses.
When the adverb clause follows, as in (2), no comma is used
 Exercise

1. I go to bed I always brush my teeth. (before)

2. I am going to meet some friends I leave class today. (after)
3. Using Adverb Clauses to
Show Time Relationships
Adverb Examples
After After she graduates, she will get a job.

Before I will leave before he comes.

When When I arrived, he was talking on the phone.

While  While I was talking home, it began to rain.

As  As I was walking home, it began to rain.

By the time By the time he arrived, we had already left.

Adverb Examples
Since I haven’t seen him since he left this morning.
Note: The present perfect is used in independent clause.
Until • We stayed there until we finished our work.
Till • We stayed there till we finished our work.
As soon as • As soon as it stops raining, we will leave.
once • Once it stops raining, we will leave.
As long as • i will never speak to him again as long as i live
So long as • i will never speak to him again so long as i live
Whenever • Whenever I see her, I say hello.
Every time • Every time I see her, I say hello.
In the first time • The first time (that) I went to New York, I went to an opera.
The last time • I saw two plays the last time (that) I went to New York.
The next time • The next time (that) I go to New York, I’m going to see a
ballet.
 Exercise

1. Since I left Venezuela six years ago, I ..... to visit friends and family
several times.
a. return c. am returning
b. Will have returned d. Have returned
4. Adverb of cause and effect
SANDY EKA KURNIAWAN
 Adverb of cause and effect

What is an adverb of cause and effect?

If you are unsure as to what this is, well actually, it is not that difficult. The
most common adverb of cause and effect that is used is “because”. We use
the word “because” or other adverbs of cause and effect to explain the
reason for what happens in the main clause
 Since + clause

▫ Since Monday is a holiday, we don’t have to go to work.

When since is used to mean “because”, it expresses a known cause; it means “because it is a fact
that” or “given that it is true that”. Cause –and- effect sentences with since say, “given the fact that
X is true, Y is the result “. In : “given the fact that Monday is holiday, we don’t have to go to work.
 Now that + clause

▫ Now that i,ve finished the semester, i’m going to rest a few days and then take a trip.

Now that means “because now”. In : Now that i’ve finished the semester means “because the semester is
now over”. Now that is used for present causes of present or future situations.
 Because + Clause

Because, as, since, though, and others are followed by an adjunctclause expressing

reason/cause. The cause-clause may be placed before or after the effect-clause.
Because and others are connective prepositions, also called an adverbial,
a subordinating conjunction, or along with its clause is called an adverbial clause. 

The children survived because they received help. 

Because they received help, the children survived.
The children survived because of the help.
 
5. Expressing Contrast (umexpected
Result) : Using Even though
FIKA NURY DEFRIYANTI
 Expressing Contrast
(unexpected Result) :
Using Even though
(a) Because the weather was cold, I didnt go Because is used to express expected result
swimming Even though is used to express unexpected resuts
(b) Even though the weather was cold, I went NOTE : Like because, even though introduce an
swimming adverb clause
(c) Because I wasn’t tired, I didn’t go to bed
(d) Even though I wasn’t tired, I went to bed
 1. A newborn kangoroo can
find its mother’s pouch ... Its
eyes are not yet open.

2. Tasya ask the question. Riska answers the question

beginning with Yes/No and followed by Even though.
Tasya : The phone rang many times, but did you wake
up?
Riska : ...
6. Showing Direct Contrast : While
FIKA NURY DEFRIYANTI
 Showing Direct Contrast : While
(a) Marry is rich, while John is a poor While is used to show direct contrast : “this” is exactly the
(b) John is poor, while Marry is rich opposite of “that.”

(c) While John is poor, Mary is rich Examples (a), (b), (c), and (d) all have the same meaning
Note the use of the comma in (a) and (b): in using while for direct
(d) While Mary is rich, John is poor
contrast, a comma is often used even if the while-clause comes
second (unlike the punctuation of most other adverb clause)

COMPARE : REMINDER : While also used in time clauses and means “during
(e) The phone rang while i was studying that time,” as in (e).

*whereas can have the same meaning and use as while, but it occurs mostly in formal written english and occurs
with considerably less frequency than while: Marry is rich, whereas John is poor.
 Exercise

1. In some nations the favourite beverage is coffee,

while ...
a. I like tea
b. It has caffeine
c. In others it is tea
d. They drink tea
 Exercise

2. Some people like cream and sugar in their

coffee, while ...
a. Others like it back
b. Others drink hot coffee
c. Milk is good in coffee too
d. Sugar can cause cavities
7. EXPRESSING CONDITIONS IN
ADVERB CLAUSES: IF-CLAUSES
RIZKY ADIJAYA PRADHANA
 Adverb of cause and effect 31

• If Clauses (also called ”adverb clauses of condition”) present possible

conditions. The main clause expresses RESULT.

• Example : If it rains tommorow, i will take my umbrella.

Possible Condition = it may rain tomorrow

Result = I will take my umbrella
 Lets Practice !
Clue : Make Sentences with If using the given conditions.

• This world may be destroyed.

• Maybe you will be married with your classmate tomorrow.

• Prediction of Roy Kiyoshi may be true

8. SHORTENED IF - CLAUSES
RIZKY ADIJAYA PRADHANA
 Shortened If - Clauses
a) Are you a student?
if so / if you are, the ticket is half-price.
if not / if you aren’t, the ticket is full price.

b) it’s a popular concert. Do you have a ticket?

if so / if you do, you’re lucky.
if not / if you don’t, you’re out of luck.

When an if-clause refers to the idea in the sentence immediately before it, it
is sometimes shortened

In (a): if so / if you are = if you are a student

if not / if you aren’t = if you aren’t a student

In (b): if so / if you do = if you have a ticket

if not / if you dont = if you dont have a ticket
 Lets Practice !
Clue : Make a question with the answer in shortened if

• If Lisa want to go to dinner with us, we will be happy .

• If you are free this weekend, i will invite you to join at my party.
9. Adverb Clauses of condition :
Using Whether or not and even if
NYOMAN DIAN KRISTANTI WIDASARI
 Whether or not
whether or not expresses the idea neither this condition nor that condition
atters. The result will be the same

(a) I’m going to go swimming tomorrow

whether or not it is cold
whether it is cold or not

Even if
Sentences with even if are close in meaning to those with whether or not.
ven if gives the idea that a particular condition does not matter. The result will not
hange.

(b) I have decided to go swimming tomorrow.

even if the weather is cold. I’m going to go swimming
 Exercise
Use the given information to complete sentence a and b

Your approval doesn’t matter to me.

a. I’m going to marry Harry whether …. Or not

b. I’m going to marry Harry even if ….

10. Adverb Clauses of condition :
Using In Case
NYOMAN DIAN KRISTANTI WIDASARI
 In Case
▫ In case expresses the idea that something
probably won’t happen, but it might. In case
means “if by chance this should happen”.

▫ Example :
I’ll be at my uncle’s house in case you
(should) need to reach me.
 Exercise
Combine each pair of sentence. Begin your new sentence with
in case

You will probably be statisfied with your purchase, but

maybe not. If not, you can return it to the store.
11. Adverb Clauses of condition :
using Unless
NYOMAN DIAN KRISTANTI WIDASARI
 Unless
Unless = If …. Not

• I ‘ll go swimming tomorrow unless it’s cold.

• I’ll go swimming tomorrow if it is not cold

12. Adverb Clauses of condition :
using Only If
MUHAMMAD IKHSAN MUNGGARAN
 Only If

ONLY IF EXPRESSES EXAMPLE :

THE THE PICNIC WILL BE CANCELED
IDEA THAT THERE IS ONLY ONE ONLY IF IT RAINS
CONDITION THAT WILL CAUSE A
PARTICULAR RESULT ONLY IF IT RAINS WILL THE
PICNIC
BE CANCELED
THANKYO
U