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Lesson 3 Problem Solving and Reasoning

The document discusses different types of reasoning and problem-solving strategies. It covers inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, Polya's four-step problem-solving strategy of understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, and reviewing the solution. The document also presents Binet's formula for calculating the nth term of the Fibonacci sequence and works through an example of using it to find the 20th term.

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Shekinah Poliquit
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
52 views

Lesson 3 Problem Solving and Reasoning

The document discusses different types of reasoning and problem-solving strategies. It covers inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, Polya's four-step problem-solving strategy of understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, and reviewing the solution. The document also presents Binet's formula for calculating the nth term of the Fibonacci sequence and works through an example of using it to find the 20th term.

Uploaded by

Shekinah Poliquit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 3

Problem Solving and Reasoning


Lesson 3: Problem Solving and Reasoning

• Inductive Reasoning
- atype of reasoning that uses specific examples to attain a general
conclusionn of something.

Example:
1. Premise: 3 + 5 = 8, 7 + 11 = 18, and 9 + 3 = 12.
Conclusion: Thus, the sum of two odd numbers is an even number.

2. Premise: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25,...


Conclusion: Therefore, the digits are 5 units larger trhan the
preceeding number.
Lesson 3: Problem Solving and Reasoning

• Deductive Reasoning
- a process of reaching a general conclusion by applying general
assumptions, procedures, or principles.

Example:
1. Premise: The sum of two odd integers is an even number. Let m
and n be an odd integers.
Conclusion: Hence, m + n is even.
2. Premise: Let Fn be the term in the Fibonacci sequence
Conclusion:
Fn  Fn 1  Fn  2
Lesson 3: Problem Solving and Reasoning

• Polya's Problem-Solving Strategy


- outlined by George Polya (1887 - 1985)

• Polya's Four-Step Problem Solving Strategy


1. Understand the Problem
2. Devise a Plan
3. Carry out the Plan
4. Review the Solution
Lesson 3: Problem Solving and Reasoning

Example:
1. During a family gathering last Christmas, Angel was able to collect 12
monetary bills consisting of P20 bills and P50 bills from her titos and titas. She
received a total of P390 from them.How many of each bill did Angel receive?
Soalution:
1. Understand the problem
- Distribute 12 bills into two portions and find how many of each bill
did Angel receive.
2. Devise a plan
- Let x be the number of P20 bills and y the number of P50 bills.
We have, x + y = 12.
Lesson 3: Problem Solving and Reasoning
On the other hand, let 20x be the amount of P20 bills and 50y for the
amount of P50 bills amounting to P390. That is 20x + 50y = 390.
3. Carry out the plan
Equation 1: x + y = 12
Equation 2: 20x + 50y = 390
Observe that y = 12 - x from equation 1. Then,
20x + 50y = 390
20x + 50(12 - x) = 390
20x + 600 - 50x = 390
20x - 50x = 390 - 600
-30x = -210
x = (-210) ÷ (-30)
x=7
Lesson 3: Problem Solving and Strategies

Since x = 7. We have.
x + y = 12
7 + y = 12
y = 12 - 7
y = 5.
Thus, Angel recieves seven P20 bills and five P50 bills.
4. Look back
20x + 50y = 390
20 (7) + 50 (5) = 390
140 + 250 = 390
Lesson 3: Problem Solving and Reasoning

• Binet's Formula
- Formulated by Jacques Philippe Marie Binet
- Used to find the nth term of the Fibonacci Sequence

Formula:

1   1 5 
n
 1 5 
n

Fn      
5  2   2  
  

Lesson 3: Problem Solving and Reasoning

Example:
Find the 20th term in the Fibonacci Sequence.
Solution:
Since we are looking for the 20th term, n = 20. We have,

1 1 5  1 5  
 n n

Fn      
5  2   2  
  
 

1 1 5 
20
1 5  
20

F20      
 
5  2   2  
  

F20  6,765

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