CE 211 Module PDF

Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
MAT 101: MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Page 1

COUGUIDE
I. Course Title: MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD
II. Course Overview
A. Introduction
This course deals with nature of mathematics, appreciation of its practical, intellectual,
and aesthetic dimensions, and application of mathematical tools in daily life . The
course begins with an introduction to the nature of mathematics as an exploration of
patterns (in nature and the environment) and as an application of inductive and
deductive reasoning. By exploring these topics, You are encouraged to go beyond the
typical understanding of mathematics as merely a set of formulas but as a source of
aesthetics in patterns of nature, for example, and a rich language in itself (and of
science) governed by logic and reasoning. The course then proceeds to survey ways in
which mathematics provides a tool for understanding and dealing with various aspects
of present-day living, such as managing personal finances, making social choices,
appreciating geometric designs, understanding codes used in data transmission and
security, and dividing limited resources fairly. These aspects will provide opportunities
for actually doing mathematics in a broad range of exercises that bring out the various
dimensions of mathematics as a way of knowing, and test the students' understanding
and capacity. (CMO No. 20, series of 2013).
B. Course Learning Outcomes
After completing this course, you are expected to demonstrate a content knowledge
about the importance of mathematics in the modern world and develop key
understanding on the application of mathematics in the real life scenario. Also, you will
be able to perform mathematical calculations correctly through the proper use of the
different mathematical symbols and mathematical language. In addition, after this
course, you will be able to use both inductive and deductive reasoning in solving real
life problems that involves mathematical analysis, You will be able to create a data
driven research with the utilization of the different statistical tools for data analysis and
data management. Lastly, you will be able to create a prototype of building designs
with the integration of the different geometric figures and demonstrate a wide range of
content knowledge on codes and coding schemes.

C. Module and Unit Topics
To ensure the accomplishment of the learning outcomes, this course will cover the
following topics for you to master.
MODULE 1: NATURE OF MATHEMATICS
This module will help you learn the mathematics in nature and to the world through
observing the patterns and number in nature and the use of Fibonacci Sequence.
MODULE 2: MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLS AND PROBLEM SOLVING
This module will help you to master your mathematical calculations through the proper
utilization of mathematics symbols and accurate understanding of the mathematical language. Also,
this module will help you deal with problem solving through the use inductive, deductive reasoning,
and other strategies.
MODULE 3: MATHEMATICS AS A TOOL (Part I)
This module will engage you to different statistical tools used for data gathering, data
representation, data interpretation, and data analysis.
MODULE 4: MATHEMATICS AS A TOOL (Part 2)]
This module will make you appreciate and apply geometric concepts, transformation,
patterns and diagrams. Also, this will help you understand codes and coding schemes, and apply
logical statement and quantifiers to various human endeavors.
III. Course Study Guide

This module was prepared for you to work on diligently and independently . This is
meant for you to advance your knowledge in Mathematics and apply it to your higher
mathematics subjects. Moreover, by mastering the topics of this module and
completing all necessary competencies you will be able to ace this subject.

Here are some guides you need to undertake as you go on this module.
Use a personal calendar to schedule the

Utilize your calendar effectively accomplishments of your activities, assignment,
and other outputs.
Do your works one at a time. If you find the

Focus your attention discussion difficult, try to read the material
again. If it is still not working, look for the
additional resources I gave to you or you may
seek for help to your siblings, or relatives.
In answering your formative assessment,
Work at your finest summative assessment and other activities
included, always work with quality. I always
believe that you can do it at your best.
Before the end of midterms and finals. You will

Submit on time be submitting the accomplished modules
through correspondence. I will be notifying you
once I received your modules.
While waiting patiently for my feedback on your
Be Patient work, engage yourself in other activities that can
contribute to this subject.
In answering the different assessments make

Answer Confidently sure to write neatly and legibly, answer briefly
and concisely in an essay type assessment and
show your complete solution in solving
activities,
Since the module is intended for you to work
Work on your own independently, it is expected you will work on
your own. Seeking for help should only be your
last resort. You can do it!
Always have fun and find ways to enjoy
Enjoy Learning learning. This will makes you motivated to
continue acquiring the needed skills and
knowledge.
If you need to clarify something or needs my
Contact me. assistance in the completion of this module, you
may contact me through my contact details
found on this module.

IV. Study Schedule
Week Topic Learning Outcomes Activities

MODULE 1: NATURE OF MATHEMATICS
Unit 1 Patterns and Numbers
Unit 2 Fibonacci Sequence
Unit 3 Mathematics and its Importance

MODULE 2: MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLS AND PROBLEM SOLVING
Unit 1 Mathematics Language and
Symbols
Unit 2 Problem Solving and Reasoning
MODULE 3: MATHEMATICS AS A TOOL (Part I)

Unit 1 Data Gathering and
Representation
Unit 2 Measures of Central Tendency and

Measures of Dispersion
Unit 3 Percentiles, Quartiles and

Whiskers Plots, Probabilities
and Normal-Distributions.
Unit 4 Linear Regression and

Correlation; Least-Squares
Line, Linear Correlation
Coefficient
MODULE 4: MATHEMATICS AS A TOOL (Part 2)
Unit 1 Geometric Designs
Unit 2 Codes
Unit 3 Logic

V. Evaluation
To pass this course, you must:
1. Read all materials provided in the Learning Packet
2. Answer the print based discussion activities
3. Submit the all research-based outputs required in each period.
4. Accomplish Mid-term and Final Examinations.
Formative assessment:
- You must answer all pre-assessment and self-assessment activities. Your scores here
will not be part of our mid-term and final grades but they will be part of the
completion of the course. Thus you are expected to complete the pre-assessment and
self-assessment activities. These activities will help you determine if you need to
study more or to advance to next part.
- You can answer the pre-assessment and self-assessment activities within the
scheduled time of the unit. Scheduling your work time is important.
- In accomplishing the pre-assessment and self-assessment activities, you can ask the
help of your parents, siblings and friends.
Summative Assessment:
1. Quizzes and Examinations

The will be 2 quizzes and two major examinations for this course.
2. Evaluation activities
Answer all activities in the Evaluate part of each unit. These will be part of your mid-
term and final grades. These will help you to be prepared for a quiz after each unit.
3. Experiment Report
4. Final Projects

VI. Technological Tools
For you to be able to accomplish the activities, you will need the following software
applications:
MS Word; MS Powerpoint; and Adobe flash. These applications are found in your
desktop or in your laptop and you do not need an internet connection to use them.
You may also access our Canvas prepared for the Class and try to participate in the
discussion if the condition will allow it.
VII. Grading System
VIII. Contact Information of the Facilitator
You can contact me through the following:
Juanjobelleacosta@gmail.com
Juan Jobelle Santos Acosta
09558644747

IX. Resource Support System
Registrar
OSA
Library
Finance

Table of Contents

Letter to the Learners

OBJECTIVES
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
a. Identify patterns in nature and regularities in the world,

b. Articulate the importance of mathematics in one’s life,
c. Argue about the nature of mathematics, what is it, how it is expressed,
represented and used, and
d. Express appreciation for mathematics as a human endeavor.
What is Mathematics? Before we start our lesson, I want you to fiil up the concept
map below with words/ phrases that describes mathematics.
MATHEMAT
ICS
Based on our activity, what is your own definition of MATHEMATICS?

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UNIT 1: PATTERS AND NUMBERS
As early as pre-school mathematics plays a significant role, we learn how

to count, to solve involving different operations, and many more.
WHAT IS MATHEMATICS?
 Mathematics is the study of pattern and structure. Mathematics is fundamental to
the physical and biological sciences, engineering and information technology, to
economics and increasingly to the social sciences.
 Mathematics is a useful way to think about nature and our world.
 Mathematics is a tool to quantify, organize and control our world, predict
phenomena and make life easier for us.
WHERE IS MATHEMATICS?
 Many patterns and occurrences exists in nature, in our world, in our life.
Mathematics helps make sense of these patterns and occurrences.
WHAT ROLE DOES MATHEMATICS PLAY IN OUR WORLD?

 Mathematics helps organize patterns and regularities in our world.
 Mathematics helps predict the behavior of nature and phenomena in the world.
 Mathematics helps control nature and occurrences in the world for our own ends.
 Mathematics has numerous applications in the world making it indispensable.

Since we already learned that mathematics plays a vital role

in the nature, now you will surely be surprise that some of
our nature have also pattern and regular numbers. Before we
will learn it, I want you to arrange the jumbled letters before
proceeding to the next topic.
JUMBLED LETTERS CLUE Your Answer
NSEKOWLAFS
SIANMAL
VSAWE
1. What are the created words in our given activity?

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2. Does the following objects shows patterns? If yes, describe the patterns created.
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3. Can you give me examples of patterns that you see in the world and how important
are these patterns?
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NUMBERS IN NATURE AND THE WORLD
Patterns in nature are visible regularities of form found in the natural world and can also
be seen in the universe. Nature patterns which are not just to be admired, they are vital
clues to the rules that govern natural processes.
Now, what if patterns does not exist in this human world? What do you think will happen?
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Check out examples of some of these patterns and you may be able to spot a
few the next time you go for a walk.
1. Patterns can be observed even in stars

which move in circles across the sky each
day. Moreover, the constellations found
in the sky also shows unique patterns as
shown in the picture.

2. The weather season cycle each year. All snowflakes contains sixfold symmetry
which no two are exactly the same.
3. Patterns can be seen in fish patterns like spotted trunkfish, spotted puffer, blue
spotted stingray, spotted moral eel, coral grouper, redlion fish, yellow boxfish and
angel fish. These animals and fish stripes and spots attest to mathematical
regularities in biological growth and form.
4. Zebras, tigers, cats and snakes are covered in patterns of stripes; leopards and
hyenas are covered in pattern of spots and giraffes are covered in pattern of
blotches.

5. Natural patterns like the intricate waves across the oceans; sand dunes on deserts;
formation of typhoon; water drop with ripple and others. These serves as clues
to the rules that govern the flow of water, sand and air.
6. Other patterns in nature can also be seen in the ball of mackerel, the v-formation
of geese in the sky and the tornado formation of starlings.
Now, it is your turn to explore the nature. Imagine you are a photographer of
a famous magazine in the Philippines. You were given a task to feature regular
patterns found in the nature to be included in the next volume of your
company’s magazine. Now, as an output, you are going to take photos of your
chosen subjects that exhibit regular patterns. Your output will be saved
through a PowerPoint presentation so make sure to write a comprehensive
captions. This will be submitted after your prelims and it will be graded using
the attached rubric labeled as RUBRIC 1 on your learning packet. Make sure
to remember this icon when constructing your output.

PATTERNS AND REGULARITIES
YOU BELONG WITH ME.
On the previous topic, we explored the existence of mathematics in the world.

Now, before we discuss the next topic, I want you to group into two the following objects
shown below. Write the letters of the group on the space provided.
A. B. C.
D. E. F.
Group 1: ____________________________
Group 2: ____________________________
Group 3: ____________________________

Answer the following questions on the space provided based on our activity titled
You belong with me.
1. How did you group the given pictures?

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2. Did you see any similarities on the characteristics of each group? Will you
describe their similarities if any?
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3. What if you will add another object in each groups, what will they be and
why?
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Have you ever wonder that there are regular patterns in each
object. To explore it more let us try to discuss these type of
patterns found on the next page.

TYPES OF PATTERNS
1. SYMMETRY – a sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion of balance or an

object is invariant to any various transformations (reflection, rotation or scaling.)
a.) Bilateral Symmetry: a symmetry in which the left and right sides of
the organism can be divided into approximately mirror image of each
other along the midline. Symmetry exists in living things such as in
insects, animals, plants, flowers and others. Animals have mainly
bilateral or vertical symmetry, even leaves of plants and some flowers
such as orchids.
b.) Radial Symmetry (or rotational symmetry): a symmetry around a

fixed point known as the center and it can be classified as either cyclic
or dihedral. Plants often have radial or rotational symmetry, as to
flowers and some group of animals. A five-fold symmetry is found in
the echinoderms, the group in which includes starfish (dihedral-D5
symmetry), sea urchins and sea lilies. Radial symmetry suits organism
like sea anemones whose adults do not move and jellyfish (dihedral-D4
symmetry). Radial symmetry is also evident in different kinds of flowers.

2. FRACTALS – a curve or geometric figure, each part of which has the same statistical
character as the whole. A fractal is a never-ending pattern found in nature. The
exact same shape is replicated in a process called “self similarity.” The pattern repeats
itself over and over again at different scales. For example, a tree grows by repetitive
branching. This same kind of branching can be seen in lightning bolts and the veins
in your body. Examine a single fern or an aerial view of an entire river system and
you’ll see fractal patterns.
3. SPIRALS - A logarithmic spiral or growth spiral is a self-similar spiral curve which

often appears in nature. It was first describe by Rene Descartes and was later
investigated by Jacob Bernoulli. A spiral is a curved pattern that focuses on a center
point and a series of circular shapes that revolve around it. Examples of spirals are
pine cones, pineapples, hurricanes. The reason for why plants use a spiral form is
because they are constantly trying to grow but stay secure.

Since you are soon to be architects, I believe that drawing is just a cup of tea
for you. Thus, I want you to sketch one example of each type of patterns that
can be seen in your surroundings or nearby. Your output will be sketch in a
bond paper and will be submitted on the first date of retrieval of your modules.
ESSAY. Answer the given question below briefly amd consicely.
How are you going to apply those type of patterns you had learned in your soon
profession. Name atleast 3 importance of learning this patte
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For additional resources, you may visit the following web page below.
www.project2061.org
services.math.duke.edu
blogs.gloscotland.org.uk

UNIT II: FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
The original problem that Fibonacci investigated (in the year 1202) was
about how fast rabbits couls breed in ideal circumstances.
Now, let us try to answer the Rabbit problem of Fibonacci.
Suppose a newly-born pair of rabbits, one male and one female are
put in the field. Rabbits are able to mate at the age of one month so that
at the end of its second monthj a female can produce another pair of
rabbits. Suppose that our rabbits never die and that the female always
produces one new pair ( 1 male and female) every month from the second
month on on..
Question: How many pairs will there be in one year?

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Answer the following questions based on our activity on Rabbit Problem.
1. How did you get your answer? You can show your solution on the space provided.
2. Did you see any patterns from the number of pairs in each month? If yes, can you
tell me what did you observe.
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Definition of Fibonacci Sequence
The problem posed on the activity found on the previous page is better to be
solve using this diagram.

GROWTH OF RABBIT COLONY
ADULT YOUNG
MONTHS TOTAL
PAIRS PAIRS
1 1 1 2
2 2 1 3
3 3 2 5
4 5 3 8
5 8 5 13
6 13 8 21
7 21 13 34
8 34 21 55
9 55 34 89
10 89 55 144
11 144 89 233
12 233 144 377
The sequence encountered in the rabbit problem 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144,
233, 377, …. is called the Fibonacci sequence and its terms the Fibonacci numbers.
Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers where a number is found by

adding up the two numbers before it. Starting with 0 and 1, the sequence goes
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, and so forth. Written as a rule, the expression is
𝑿𝒏 = 𝑿𝒏−𝟏 + 𝑿𝒏−𝟐
Named after Fibonacci, also known as Leonardo of Pisa or Leonardo Pisano,

Fibonacci numbers were first introduced in his Liber Abbaci (Book of Calculation) in 1202.
The son of a Pisan merchant, Fibonacci traveled widely and traded extensively.
Mathematics was incredibly important to those in the trading industry, and his passion
for numbers was cultivated in his youth.

GOLDEN RECTANGLE
Leonardo of Pisa also known as Fibonacci discovered a sequence of numbers that
created an interesting numbers that created an interesting pattern the sequence 1, 1, 2,
3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34… each number is obtained by adding the last two numbers of the
sequence forms what is known as golden rectangle a perfect rectangle. A golden
rectangle can be broken down into squares the size of the next Fibonacci number down
and below. If we were to take a golden rectangle, break it down to smaller squares based
from Fibonacci sequence and divide each with an arc, the pattern begin to take shapes,
we begin with Fibonacci spiral in which we can see in nature.

FIBONACCI NUMBERS IN NATURE

Flower petals exhibit the Fibonacci number, white calla lily contains 1 petal,
euphorbia contains 2 petals, trillium contains 3 petals, columbine contains 5 petals,
bloodroot contains 8 petals, black-eyed susan contains 13 petals, shasta daisies 21 petals,
field daisies contains 34 petals and other types of daisies contain 55 and 89 petals.
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE IN NATURE

The sunflower seed conveys the Fibonacci sequence. The pattern of two spirals
goes in opposing directions (clockwise and counter-clockwise ). The number of clockwise
spirals and counter clockwise spirals are consecutive Fibonacci numbers and usually
contains 34 and 55 seeds.

The Fibonacci sequence can also be seen in the way tree branches form or split.
A main trunk will grow until it produces a branch, which creates two growth points. Then,
one of the new stems branches into two, while the other one lies dormant. This pattern
of branching is repeated for each of the new stems. A good example is the sneezewort.
Root systems and even algae exhibit this pattern
What have you learned about Fibonacci sequence?

Since we are already done with Fibonacci sequence, I want you to write
some highlights of this lesson on the box provided below.

ARE YOU A GOLDEN PERSON?
Look at the diagram and then measure carefully the 3 sets of pairs of your body
measurements (in centimeter). You may ask for the assistance of your family for the
measurement. After measuring, fill in the table below and use a calculator to work out
the ratios/divisions. Let us see if you the following ratio will be equal to 𝟏. 𝟔𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟗𝟖𝟕
and deserve to be called us a “GOLDEN PERSON”

1. For your own understanding, what makes a person to be called a Golden

Person?
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GOLDEN RATIO
Fibonacci discovery of Fibonacci sequence happened to approach the ratio
asymptotically. He found the interesting and mysterious properties of the Fibonacci
sequence that the series has a deep relationship with the golden ratio.
The golden ratio was first called as the Divine Proportion in the early 1500s
in Leonardo da Vinci’s work which was explored by Luca Pacioli entitled “De Divina
Proportione” in 1509. This contains the drawings of the five platonic solids and it was
probably da Vinci who first called it “section aurea” which is Latin for Golden Secion.
In mathematics, two quantities are in the Golden ratio if their ratio is the same of
their sum to the larger of the two quantities. The Golden Ratio is the relationship between
numbers on the Fibonacci sequence where plotting the relationships on scales results in
a spiral shape. In simple terms, golden ratio is expressed as an equation, where a is
larger than b, (a+b) divided by a is equal to a divided by b, which is equal to
1.618033987…and represented by 𝝋 (phi).

𝒂+𝒃 𝒂
𝝋= = 𝒃 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟗𝟖𝟕 ….
𝒂
B a a/b
2 3 1.5
3 5 1.666666666…
5 8 1.6
8 13 1.625
13 21 1.615384615...
21 34 1.61905
34 55 1.61765
. . .
. . .
144 233 1.618055556...
233 377 1.618025751...
GOLDEN RATIO IN NATURE
It is often said that math contains the answers to most of universe’s questions.
Math manifests itself everywhere. One such example is the Golden Ratio. This famous
Fibonacci sequence has fascinated mathematicians, scientist and artists for many
hundreds of years. The Golden Ratio manifests itself in many places across the universe,
including right here on Earth, it is part of Earth’s nature and it is part of us.
1. Flower petals
number of petals in a flower is often one of the following numbers: 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34 or
55. For example, the lily has three petals, buttercups have five of them, the chicory has
21 of them, the daisy has often 34 or 55 petals, etc.
2. Faces
Faces, both human and nonhuman, abound with examples of the Golden Ratio. The
mouth and nose are each positioned at golden sections of the distance between the eyes
and the bottom of the chin. Similar proportions can been seen from the side, and even
the eye and ear itself.
3. Body parts
The Golden Section is manifested in the structure of the human body. The human body
is based on Phi and the number 5.The number 5 appendages to the torso, in the arms,
leg and head. 5 appendages on each of these, in the fingers and toes and 5 openings on
the face. Animal bodies exhibit similar tendencies.
4. Seed heads
Typically, seeds are produced at the center, and then migrate towards the outside to fill
all the space. Sunflowers provide a great example of these spiraling patterns.
5. Fruits, Vegetables and Trees
Spiraling patterns can be found on pineapples and cauliflower. Fibonacci numbers are
seen in the branching of trees or the number of leaves on a floral stem; numbers like 4
are not. 3’s and 5’s, however, are abundant in nature.
6. Shells
Snail shells and nautilus shells follow the logarithmic spiral, as does the cochlea of the
inner ear. It can also be seen in the horns of certain goats, and the shape of certain
spider’s webs.
7. Spiral Galaxies
Spiral galaxies are the most common galaxy shape. The Milky Way has several spiral
arms, each of them a logarithmic spiral of about 12 degrees.
8. Hurricanes
It’s amazing how closely the powerful swirls of hurricane match the Fibonacci sequence.

GOLDEN RATIO IN ARTS

The golden ratio can be used to achieve beauty, balance and harmony in art,
architecture and design. It can be used as a tool in art and design to achieve balance in
the composition. Check out some examples of golden ratio in arts.
1. The exterior dimension of the Pathernon in Athens, Greece embodies the golden
ratio.
2. In “Timaeus” Plato describes five possible regular solids that relate to the golden
ratio which is now known as Platonic Solids. He also considers the golden ratio to
be the most bringing of all mathematical relationships.
3. Euclid was the first to give definition of the golden ratio as “a dividing line in the
extreme and mean ratio” in his book the “Elements”. He proved the link of the
numbers to the construction of the pentagram, which is now known as golden
ratio. Each intersections to the other edges of a pentagram is a golden ratio. Also
the ratio of the length of the shorter segment to the segment bounded by the two
intersecting lines is a golden ratio.

4. Leonardo da Vinci was into many interests such as invention, painting, sculpting,
architecture, science, music, mathematics, engineering, literature, anatomy,
geology, botany, writing, history and cartography. He used the golden ratio to
define the fundamental portions in his works. He incorporated the golden ratio
in his own paintings such as the Vitruvian Man, The Last Supper, Monalisa and St.
Jerome in the Wilderness.
5. Michaelangelo di Lodovico Simon was considered the greatest living artists of

his time. He used golden ratio in his painting “The Creation of Adam” which can
be seen on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. His painting used the golden ratio
showing how God’s finger and Adam’s finger meet precisely at the golden ratio
point of the weight and the height of the area that contains them.

6. Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino or more popularly known as Raphael was also a

painter and architect from the Rennaisance. In his painting “The School of
Athens,”, the division between the figures in the painting and their proportions are
distributed using the golden ration. The golden triangle and pentagram can also
be found in Raphael’s painting “Crucifixion”.
7. The golden ratio can also be found in the works of other renowned painters such
as
a.) Sandro Botticelli (Birth of Venus);
b.) George-Pierre Surat (“Bathers at Assinieres”, “Bridge of Courbevoie” and “A
Sunday on La Grande Jette”), and
c.) Salvador Dali (“The Sacrament of the Last Supper”).

CONNECT IT!
Before we proceed to our next topic, let’s try to match the following pictures
to their corresponding names. Use connective lines to connect the two columns.
Name of the structure PICTURE
United Nation Building
Great Pyramid of Giza
Cathedral of Our Lady of

Chartres in Paris
Notre Dame
Taj Mahal
Eiffel Tower
CN Tower

Did you know that the following buildings shown on the

previous also shows Golden Ratio? Let us try to explore
them and check if your answers on the activity are
correct.
GOLDEN RATIO IN ARCHITECTURE
Some of the architectural structures that exhibit the application of the Golden ratio
are the following:
1. The Great Pyramid of Giza built 4700 BC in Ahmes Papyrus of Egypt is with
proportion according to a “Golden Ratio”. The length of each side of the base is
756 feet with a height of 481 feet. The ratio of the base to the height is roughly
1.5717, which is close to the Golden ratio.
2. Notre Dame is a Gothic Cathedral in Paris, which was built in between 1163 and
1250. It appears to have a golden ratio in a number of its key proportions of
designs.
3. The Taj Mahal in India used the golden ratio in its construction and was
completed in 1648. The order and proportion of the arches of the Taj Mahal on
the main structure keep reducing proportionately following the golden ratio.
4. The Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres in Paris , France also exhibits the
Golden ratio.
5. In the United Nation Building, the window configuration reveal golden

proportion.

6. The Eiffel Tower in Paris, France, erected in 1889 is an iron lattice. The base is
broader while it narrows down the top, perfectly following the golden ratio.
7. The CN Tower in Toronto, the tallest tower and freestanding structure in the
world, contains the golden ratio in its design. The ratio of observation deck at 342
meters to the total height of 553.33 is 0.618 or phi, the reciprocal of phi.
Golden Ratio can be found in the beauty of nature, the growth patterns
of many plants, insects, and the universe.
1. Honeycombs of the bees show specific regular

repeating hexagons. It uses the least amount of wax to store
the honey giving a strong structure with no gaps.
2. Zebra’s coat, the alternating pattern of blacks and white are due to mathematical
rules that govern the pigmentation chemicals of its skin.

3. Spider webs illustrate a beautiful pattern. The spider

creates a structure by performing innate steps.
4. The nautilus shell has natural pattern which contains a spiral shape called
logarithmic spiral.
5. Age of the trees can be determined by applying

dendrochronology which is a scientific method of dating based
on the amount of rings found in the core of a tree.
6. Turtles have growth rings called “scutes” which are hexagonal.

Scutes estimates the age of the turtle.
Smallest scute is in the center and is the oldest one, while the
largest ones on the outside are the newer ones.
7. Lightning during storms creates fractals. Foam bubbles formed by trapping pockets of gas in
a liquid or solid.
8. Cracks can also be found on the barks of trees which show some sort of
weakness in the bark. The meander is one of a series of regular sinuous curves,
bends, loops, turns, or windings in the channel of the body of water.

THIS PART CAN BE IN THE

FORM OF A QUIZ OR ANY
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

APPLICATIONS OF MATHEMATICS IN THE WORLD
Before we proceed to our topic, I want you to watch the video

presentation titled “Video 1” which can be found on your learning packet.
What did you learn from the video presentation? Highlights some parts of the video that
you like the most.

In our daily life, we use mathematics directly or indirectly in

various fields. The application of mathematical methods in
different fields such as science, engineering, business,
computer science and industry is a combination of
mathematical science and specialized knowledge. For example,
statistics, combinatorics, and graph theory are used by
investigators to solve crimes.
Will you name some possible applications of mathematics in your chosen course?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Here are some importance of mathematics in the different fields.
1. Mathematics distinguishes us from animals

One of the things that make us distinct from animals is our ability to think and
communicate abstract ideas. One language for doing so is Mathematics.

2. Sports is enjoyed through Mathematics

Math is important to us who follow sports teams and have favorite athletes. Using
Math, we know how many games our team must win in a series in order to advance
to the next round, or how many games they can afford to lose in a season before
being eliminated from the playoffs. Using Math, we measure the performance of
our favorite players like their batting average, points-per-game, or career high.
3. Mathematics teaches measurement

You need and do measurement whether you’re cooking a meal or seeing how
much you’ve grown. Learning measurement would not be possible without basic
knowledge of Math. Kilos, kilometers, liters, inches, and feet are mathematical
units of measurement that are useful in our daily lives.
4. Math develops logic and critical thinking
Inherent in Math is the principle that things have specific logic and order. Math-
oriented students apply this philosophy to everyday things. Math subjects like
Algebra and Trigonometry teach how to logically arrive at one step from another
and to make conclusions. In many ways, Mathematics teaches people how to
think and be organized.
5. Finance and budgeting use Math

In shopping for groceries, paying for your children’s tuition, or buying new
appliances, you have to know Mathematics. You’ll have to determine how much
money you have and how much of it you can spend. In making financial
decisions, knowledge of mathematics is necessary.
6. Math is used in interpreting numbers

The ability to interpret numbers is as important as the capacity to read or write.
If you are driving on a highway (say Commonwelth Avenue) at 75 kph, and you
see a sign saying that the speed limit is 60 kph, you must be able to realize that
you are 15 kph over the speed limit and must slow down accordingly.
7. Math keeps your brain in shape

Studies show that Mathematics keeps our brain healthy. It stimulates neural
activities and keeps our brain working. This slows down or prevents things like
senescence and natural cell aging. Keeping our brain in shape also prevents
strokes. Math thus leads to a healthier lifestyle.

8. Math is used in making music

Music production requires a solid knowledge of mathematics. Music’s tempo,
pitch, and volume are actually mathematical functions. Tempo is a proportion,
pitch is a property of a sound wave, and volume is measured in decibels which
are in a logarithmic scale. EDM (Electronic Dance Music), a new genre of music,
is totally produced on computers. BPM (Beats-per-minute) is a basic trait that
mixing and producing EDM requires. Especially today, making music thus means
knowing Math.
9. Math is the language of Physical Sciences
Physical sciences like Physics and Chemistry uses a lot of mathematics. Physics
deals with projectiles, waves, circuits, and other topics. The subject is very
important in engineering. Chemistry also involves a lot of Mathematics as it
works by using formula, equations, and computations.
10. Binary: 0101000001110010011011110110011101110010011000010110

Mathematics is used in computer programming. Computers are the future of
almost all aspects of our life. All major businesses and transactions are expected
to be computerized sooner or later. But computers cannot function on their own.
They are programmed using the principles of Logic and Mathematics such as the
logarithms and algorithms. With enough mathematics knowledge, you might
even be able to decipher the title of this paragraph.

ASSESMENT CHECK: Interview some architects or soon to be architects whom you know
personally. Ask them how mathematics can be applied in their field. If nobody can help you, you
may browse the internet resources or any resources available on your place. After gathering,
write an essay (minimum of 200 words) about the application of mathematics in architecture. Put
your output in a a4 bond paper use Times new roman with a font style of 12. The grading of your
output will be based on the given rubric below.

SUMMARY
On this module we learned the following key concepts:
1. Mathematics is the study of pattern and structure. Mathematics is fundamental

to the physical and biological sciences, engineering and information
technology, to economics and increasingly to the social sciences
2. Patterns in nature are visible regularities of form found in the natural world
and can also be seen in the universe.
3. There are three types of patterns namely: symmetry, fractals, and spirals
4. Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers where a number is found by adding

up the two numbers before it. Starting with 0 and 1, the sequence goes 0, 1,
1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, and so forth. Written as a rule, the
5. Fibonacci sequence can also be found in nature like on the flower petals, trees,
and buildings.
6. Golden ratio is expressed as an equation, where a is larger than b, (a+b)

divided by a is equal to a divided by b, which is equal to 1.618033987…and
represented by 𝝋 (phi).
7. Golden Ratio can be found in arts, nature including animals, and fishes.
8. Mathematics is important in the different fields.
CONGRATULATIONS !
You already finished the MODULE 1. Hope you learned a lot
about the nature of mathematics from this module. For your
final output for this prelims, proceed to the next page.

FINAL OUTPUT FOR PRELIMS
Several studies were conducted around the world about

their feelings towards their mathematics subject. The
studies show revealing results that majority hate their
math subjects because of their least application in the
world (Gallup, 2005) and Gafoor (2015). Since you
already learned in our module that Mathematics can be
found everywhere, I want you to help me to give
awareness about the application of mathematics and
appreciation of mathematics through creating a
brochure. The brochure can include your captured photos
on our previous activity, your sketches about the
different patterns, and your essay about the
application of mathematics in architecture. The paper
size of your brochure should be A4 and be folded into
three parts. You may add visuals or anything that can
add aesthetic value of your output. Your output will be
submitted on ____________________ and it will be graded
using the rubric found on learning packet labeled as
RUBRIC 2. If you have hard time completing the output,
remember these icons.

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Laoag City, Ilocos Norte

MAT 101: MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Page 1

II. Course Overview

B. Course Learning Outcomes

MAT 101: MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Page 2

C. Module and Unit Topics

MODULE 1: NATURE OF MATHEMATICS

MODULE 2: MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLS AND PROBLEM SOLVING

MODULE 3: MATHEMATICS AS A TOOL (Part I)

MODULE 4: MATHEMATICS AS A TOOL (Part 2)]

III. Course Study Guide

MAT 101: MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Page 3

Use a personal calendar to schedule the

Do your works one at a time. If you find the

Before the end of midterms and finals. You will

In answering the different assessments make

MAT 101: MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Page 4

IV. Study Schedule

Week Topic Learning Outcomes Activities

Unit 2 Fibonacci Sequence

Unit 3 Mathematics and its Importance

Unit 2 Problem Solving and Reasoning

MODULE 3: MATHEMATICS AS A TOOL (Part I)

Unit 2 Measures of Central Tendency and

Unit 3 Percentiles, Quartiles and

Unit 4 Linear Regression and

MAT 101: MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Page 5

To pass this course, you must:

1. Read all materials provided in the Learning Packet

2. Answer the print based discussion activities

3. Submit the all research-based outputs required in each period.

4. Accomplish Mid-term and Final Examinations.

1. Quizzes and Examinations

MAT 101: MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Page 6

VI. Technological Tools

VII. Grading System

VIII. Contact Information of the Facilitator

You can contact me through the following:

Juan Jobelle Santos Acosta

MAT 101: MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Page 7

MAT 101: MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Page 8

MAT 101: MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Page 9

Letter to the Learners

MAT 101: MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Page 10

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

a. Identify patterns in nature and regularities in the world,

Based on our activity, what is your own definition of MATHEMATICS?

MAT 101: MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Page 11

UNIT 1: PATTERS AND NUMBERS

As early as pre-school mathematics plays a significant role, we learn how

WHAT ROLE DOES MATHEMATICS PLAY IN OUR WORLD?

MAT 101: MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Page 12

Since we already learned that mathematics plays a vital role

JUMBLED LETTERS CLUE Your Answer

1. What are the created words in our given activity?

MAT 101: MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Page 13

NUMBERS IN NATURE AND THE WORLD

1. Patterns can be observed even in stars

MAT 101: MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Page 14