Complications
Complications
Complications
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Complications
• Broken u-tube
• Pressure on casing
• Hydrates
• Trapped pressure
• Mechanical complications while circulating
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Broken U-tube
• Examples:
– Cross-flow
– Hole in (or collapsed) tubing / casing
– Major fluid losses including formation fracture
• Typical indicators:
– Rapid fluctuations in TP / CP
– Numerous choke adjustments
– Loss of communication between tubing & annulus
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Pressure on Casing
Causes:
• Packer / seal failure
• Liner hanger packer failure
• Hole in tubing / casing
• Poor cement bonds
• Corrosion
• Thermal effects
Pressure could exceed the rated working pressure of the WH / tbg / csg
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Hydrates
Solid ice like structures that are formed with the
following:
– Hydrocarbons (gas)
– Water (including intrusion in OBM)
– Certain temperature and pressure combinations
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Hydrates
• Prevention:
– Use of inhibitors (salts, glycol, polymers, etc…)
– If possible avoid periods of no circulation
• Removal:
– Mechanical (drilling)
– Chemical (methanol – environmental concerns)
– Thermal
– Depressurization
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Hydrates
Hydrates
stable
Hydrates
unstable
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Trapped Pressure
Examples:
• Below mechanical barriers
• Gas below packer around the tailpipe
• Behind closed valves
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Mechanical Complications:
Pump Failure
• What: TP and CP
• When: Anytime
Corrective Action
• Shut-In Well
• Swap Out Pumps
• BPUTS Holding CP
Constant
Corrective Action
• Open Choke
• Shut-In Well
• Isolate & Swap Out
• BPUTS Holding CP
Constant
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Mechanical Complications:
Washed-out Choke
• What: CP and TP
• When: Anytime-gas at choke
Corrective Action
• Close Choke
• Shut-In Well
• Isolate & Swap Out
• BPUTS Holding CP Constant
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