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    Gemstones: by Ludmila Minster

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    Alla
    This document discusses different types of gemstones. It defines precious stones as diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and emeralds, which are the hardest materials based on the Mohs scale. Semi-precious stones are any other gemstones and include stones like amethyst, aquamarine, and tourmaline. Ornamental stones are minerals like opal and jasper that are used in jewelry manufacturing. The document also notes the largest precious stones discovered, such as the Cullinan Diamond weighing over 3,000 carats.

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    Gemstones: by Ludmila Minster

    Uploaded by

    Alla
    169 views9 pages
    This document discusses different types of gemstones. It defines precious stones as diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and emeralds, which are the hardest materials based on the Mohs scale. Semi-precious stones are any other gemstones and include stones like amethyst, aquamarine, and tourmaline. Ornamental stones are minerals like opal and jasper that are used in jewelry manufacturing. The document also notes the largest precious stones discovered, such as the Cullinan Diamond weighing over 3,000 carats.

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    This document discusses different types of gemstones. It defines precious stones as diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and emeralds, which are the hardest materials based on the Mohs scale. Semi-precious stones are any other gemstones and include stones like amethyst, aquamarine, and tourmaline. Ornamental stones are minerals like opal and jasper that are used in jewelry manufacturing. The document also notes the largest precious stones discovered, such as the Cullinan Diamond weighing over 3,000 carats.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    169 views9 pages

    Gemstones: by Ludmila Minster

    Uploaded by

    Alla
    This document discusses different types of gemstones. It defines precious stones as diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and emeralds, which are the hardest materials based on the Mohs scale. Semi-precious stones are any other gemstones and include stones like amethyst, aquamarine, and tourmaline. Ornamental stones are minerals like opal and jasper that are used in jewelry manufacturing. The document also notes the largest precious stones discovered, such as the Cullinan Diamond weighing over 3,000 carats.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that precious stones are traditionally diamonds, rubies, sapphires and emeralds based on their hardness, while all other gemstones are considered semi-precious. The document also discusses the largest known precious stones.

    Precious stones are traditionally diamonds, rubies, sapphires and emeralds based on their hardness of 9 or 10 on the Mohs scale, while semi-precious stones have a hardness below that. These distinctions are based on old western traditions, but nowadays all gemstones are considered precious due to their rarity.

    Some of the largest precious stones mentioned are the Cullinan Diamond at 3,106 carats, the 125West Ruby at 18,696 carats, and the largest blue star sapphire at 1,404 carats.

    GEMSTONES

    BY LUDMILA MINSTER 
    WHAT IS A PRECIOUS STONE?

    What is the difference between precious stones and semi


    precious stones? These terms are based on old traditions from
    the west. These days, all gemstones are considered precious
    since they are all rare and there is a limited supply of them. 

    One of the most important criterias of the gemstones is a


    mineral's hardness. It is measured using the Mohs scale of
    mineral hardness. The diamond is the hardest material so it is 
    classified with a 10, other precious stones with a 9.

    The traditional list of gemstones that are considered precious


    stones are:
     Diamond
     Ruby
     Sapphire
     Emerald
    THE BIGGEST PRECIOUS STONES

    The Cullinan Diamond was the largest gem-quality rough diamond ever found, weighing 3,106.75 carats (621.35 g),
    discovered at the Premier No. 2 mine in Cullinan, South Africa, on 26 January 1905. It was named after Thomas Cullinan,
    the mine's chairman.

    The 125West Ruby is currently the largest ruby in the world. This unique specimen is one of the world's largest known
    rough ruby gemstones and weighs 8 18,696 carats. The ruby is semi-translucent to opaque and contains rutile, which
    may create a six-ray star if cut 'en cabochon' (i.e. polished but not faceted).

    The largest blue star sapphire  is worth $100M. It weights 1,404.49 carats (equivalent to about 280g)  and was found in a
    mine in Sri Lanka.

    The world's biggest ever emerald, weighing 1.1kg and worth an estimated £2m, has been discovered in a mine in Zambia
    JEWELLERY WITH PRECIOUS STONES
    SEMI PRECIOUS STONES

    Every other gemstone  is considered to be semi


    precious. The list goes on and on, but some of the
    more common ones are:
     Alexandrite 

     Amethyst

     Aquamarine

     Garnet

     Lapis lazuli

     Moonstone

     Opal

     Peridot

     Rose quartz

     Spinel

     Tourmaline

     Turquoise
    JEWELLERY WITH SEMI PRECIOUS STONES
    ORNAMENTAL STONES
           Ornamental stones are minerals that are used by jewelers in the manufacture of jewelry, and in production to create stone-cutting
    equipment. Usually they are either translucent or opaque.
           Displayed below: opal, cornelian, jasper, monolith of jade, tigereye,  malachite, chalcedony.
    ARTWORKS MADE FROM ORNAMENTAL STONES
    PEARL AND AMBER

    Pearl is often considered a gemstone, although it is


    not a mineral. Rather, pearl is a composite of a
    mineral and an organic compound. A pearl is formed
    inside the pearl oysters and freshwater pearl
    mussels. An ideal pearl is spherical, but other shapes
    are common.

    Amber is a fossilised tree resin, which has been


    appreciated for its color and natural beauty
    since Neolithic times. Much valued from antiquity to
    the present as a gemstone, amber is made into a
    variety of decorative objects and is used
    in jewelry.  Because it originates as a soft, sticky tree
    resin, amber sometimes contains animal and plant
    material as inclusions.

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