Management-22509: Unit No-1
Management-22509: Unit No-1
Management-22509: Unit No-1
Unit No-1
Introduction to Management Concept and
Managerial Skills.
Written by
UO-3:
PART ONE
1. Functions of management
PART TWO
1. Types of Planning .
2. Steps in Planning.
(PART-2)
1.Planning
“Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, where to do it and who is to do it.
Planning bridges the gap from where we want to go. It makes possible for things to occur while
would not otherwise happen.” – Koontz and o’ Donnell.
4. Approach adopted
a) Proactive Planning Proactive planning involves designing suitable courses of action in anticipation
of likely changes of environment
Managers adopting proactive changes do not wait for environment to change,
but take action in advance of environmental changes . Ex: Emergency
management.
b)Reactive planning Reactive planning is the process whereby future action is dictated in response
to whatever comes from environment changes.
This type of planning is suitable in the environment which is fairly stable over a
long period of time.
Planning premises are planning assumptions or factors like the expected environmental factors,
pertinent facts and information relating to the future such as general economic conditions,
population trends, competitive behaviour etc.
The planning premises can be classified as below:
(a) Internal and External premises. (b) Tangible and Intangible premises.
(c) Controllable and non-controllable premises .
4) Identification of alternatives:
The next step in planning is identifying alternatives to achieve the objective through various actions.
After the best plan is selected, various other plans are derived so as to support the main plan. These may
be plans for buying equipment, buying raw material etc. They are derivative plans /supportive plans
formulated to support the main plan.
Managers need to check the progress of their plans so that remedial action can be taken to make plan
work or change the plan if it is unrealistic. Hence process of controlling is a part of any plan .
Types of planning:
1. Coverage of activity: Corporate and functional planning
2. Importance of contents: Strategic and tactical/operational planning
3. Time period involved: Long term and short term planning
4. Approach adopted: Proactive and reactive planning
5. Degree of formalization: Formal and Informal planning
2) Establishing planning premises: View the conditions under which planning activities will be
undertaken.
5) Evaluation and selection of alternative: Evaluate the alternatives according to the premises and
goals, and to select the best one.
6) Developing derivative/supportive plan : After the best plan is selected, various other plans are derived.
7) Measuring and controlling the process: Monitor and check the process.