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Italy: Prepared By: Joan Marie R. Beronio

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ITALY

PREPARED BY: JOAN MARIE R.


ORIGIN

 The world Italy is from the Latin world “Italia”. The name
Italia originally pertained to a part of what is now Southern
Italy according to Antiochus of Syracuse.
GOVERNMENT

 The country is officially called Italian Republic or the Republic of


Italy. It became a republic after a referendum held on June 2, 1946.
The republican Constitution was approved on January 1, 1948.

 Italy is a unitary parliamentary republic, which is bicameral in


structure Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The Prime Minister
is the head of the State.
GEOGRAPHY

 Italy is situated in South-Central Europe. It consist of a peninsula shaped like a high-


heeled boot and several islands.
 The climate is generally a temperate Mediterranean one with variations caused by the
mountainous and hilly areas.
 Among the countries that border Italy are France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia
along the Alps in the north, and the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, and Sardinia
 It has a land area of 301,338 square kilometers or approximately 116, 347 sq. mi.
 In terms of population, Italy is the fifth most populous country in Europe and 23rd in the
world with a total population of 60.6 million inhabitants.
Mont Blanc, the highest peak in The Po River, Italy’s longest
Italy river

Mt. Vesuvius, only


active volcano in
mainland Europe
BRIEF HISTORY

 Italy has a very interesting, eventful but long history. Italy is inhabited by such groups
of People as Umbrians, Latins, Vlosci, Samnites, Celts and Ligures in the North.
 History has it that first major power in the Italian Peninsula were Etruscans.
 It was first politically united during the Roman Empire in 90 CE.
 After the fall of the Roman Empire, Germanic tribe conquered Italy, but was brought
back to the realm to fold through the efforts of the East Roman Emperor Justinian.
 Late in the same century, the Lombards reconquered Italy but was absorbed into the
Frankish Empire by Charlemagne who restored order and centralized governments and
brought Frankish Culture to Italy.
In 1348, majority of European nations were stricken by the Black
Death pandemic. It left its marks in Italy by killing one-third of the
population.
 It was during the 14th and 15th centuries that Italy was divided into a great
schism of warring city-states; the rest of the peninsula being occupied by
Pepal states and Naples.
 The period of fifteenth to mid-eighteenth centuries were marked periods
of divisiveness among warring clans and families.
Under the leadership of Victor Emmanuel, Count de
Cavour, and Giuseppe Garibaldi, the various city-states
moved toward unit. The creation of the kingdom of Italy is
undeniably made possible through the efforts of Italian
monarchists and nationalists.
 Italy underwent a surge of political and economic events during
the World War I and II. More than 650, 000 Italian soldiers
sacrificed their lives on the battlefield during the World War.

 Around 500,000 Italians died in the war and the Italian economy
collapsed.
LANGUAGE

 The official language is Italian which was adopted after Italy was
unified in 1946. Italian is Florentine-based from the Tuscan
variety.
 Several dialects are spoken all over the country, but Italian is
used as a medium of communication.
RELIGION

 Italy is the primary witness in the development of the Roman Catholic


Church. Roman Catholicism is the largest religion in denomination in Italt,
with around 87.8%.
 There are still relevant minorities of Protestants, Waldensians, Eastern
Orthodox, Pentecostalism, Jehovah’s Witness, Mormonism, etc.
 Other non-Christian religions include Judaism, Islam, Sikhism, Buddhism
and Hinduism.
Italy’s contributions to world’s cultural and historical heritage
of Europe and the world cannot be ignored.

The nation has around 100,000 structures for museums, places,


statues, churches, art galleries, villas, and others.
Italy has over 2000 years worth of Holy places.
Rome and Vatican City, two great cities situated within Italy have
thousands of shrines, relics, and churches.
Colloseum, Largest amphitheater of Ancient Rome where
gladiators, criminals and lions alike fought for their lives.
Pompeil, ancient Roman city whose incredibly well-preserved ruins
now form a popular UNESCO World Heritage site.
The Palatine Hill, Known as the Birthplace of Rome.
Leaning Tower of Pisa, an Iconic bell tower,
renowned for its slanted stance.
Basilica de Santa Croce in Florence, Italy, most famous for being
the burial place of many of the city’s most iconic figures
Italy has a cultural heritage that exerts great impact to Italian
consciousness.
Vestiges of Greek and Etruscan material culture are evident in the south
and middle of the peninsula.
Roman antiques are likewise living proof of Roman influence.
Rome, the capital of Italy, is regarded as the political and religious centre
of Western Civilization and the city of Rome itself is dynamic and living
museum. No wonder why..
Italy is the most visited country and the highest tourism earner in the
world.
Michelangelo, Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet and
Engineer.
Lorenzo de Medici, Italian statesman and ruler of the
Florentine Republic during the Italian Renaissance.
Galileo Galilei, Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer and
philosopher.
CULTURE AND TRADITION

 In the past, women are relegated to home chores. In Italian culture, men
were given privileged position and treatment.
 Women are the “soul” of the family and men were the “head” of the family.
 After World War II, there was a marked change in their status. Today women
take part in every aspect of political, economic, and social life.
 In the past, marriage were arranged and women brought a dowry to the
marriage but today marriage is endeavor except for the members of the
clergy.
 Appearances matter in Italy.
 The manner of dressing can indicate your social status, family
background, and education level.
 The term “bella figura” or good image is important to Italians.
 Bella figura is more than dressing well. It extends to the aura
you manifest- i.e confidence, mode, character, etc.
LITERATURE

 Italian literature has wide-ranging, rich, and varied origin and development.
It began after the founding of Rome in 753 BC. The early writings of the
Italians are essentially based on the early works of Roman writers who left
indelible marks in Italian literature such as Pliny the Elder, Virgil, Horace,
Ovid, Livy and Propertius.

 Italian literature has a close affinity with the Roman and Greek literature.
Until about the thirteenth, century Italian literature was a written in Latin.
 The modern Italian literature in the Italian language was molded and
fashioned into classical works through the efforts of the “ great triumvirate
in Dante Alighieri, Giovanni Boccaccio and Petrarch.

 Divine Comedy of Dante is unquestionably a magnum opus in the world of


poetry. Boccaccio’s Decameron set the trend in the great collections of
short stories ever written. The love poetry of Petrarch has inspired writers
in the next hundred years such as Shakespeare and Byron.
 Dante Alighieri, Italian poet, prose writer,
literary theorist, moral philosopher, and
political thinker.
 Next to Dante in terms of literacy greatness in Italy is Petrarch. He is
being cited as responsible in restoring classical Latin as the language of
Scholarship and literature.
 Petrarch perceived that Italy was the successor of Rome, and he worked
to advance Italian nationalism and unity.
 His work in Italian is Petrarch’s greatest contribution to literature.
 Boccaccio’s Decameron (1353) drew on both Dante and Petrarch as
influences and in turn influenced numerous writers. It not only uses the
vernacular but also uses true-to-life stories.
 The renaissance in Italy brought to the country noble ideas and great
literary insights. The period of the High Renaissance produced men of
“highly exceptional talents and genius.” some writers describe them as
“universal men”.
 According to literary scholarship, the first major Italian drama was Orfeo
written by Angelo Poliziano in 1480.
 The works of Pietro Bembo, Nicolo Machiavelli, and Ariosto in the sixteenth
century brought Italian literature to another dimension and to great heights.
 Machiavelli is best known for “The Prince (1640), the first practical work of political
science and a call for Italian unity.
 The political essays in Niccolo Machiavelli’s the Prince in 1513 is without a doubt a
unique work of its own. It is comparable to the Chinese work “The Art of War”
 Ariosto’s poem, Orlando Furioso (1516) is an epic dealing with Charlemagne, an old
theme but with a new sophistication. Orlando Furioso presents an old picture with
twists and turns
 After World War II Italian literature took flight to attain excellence and magnificence.
Modern Italian literature experienced great awakening which led to the creations of
high quality literary outputs.
THANK YOU

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