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  • Vectors and Its Notations: ND RD

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    fahim
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    The document summarizes key concepts about vectors and forces, including: 1) A force is a vector quantity that has magnitude, direction, and sense and adds according to the parallelogram law. Finding the resultant or resolving a force into components are important in statics. 2) The parallelogram law and trigonometric rules can be used to find the magnitude and direction of a resultant force from its components. 3) Forces can be resolved into rectangular components along x and y axes for analytical work, represented using scalar or Cartesian vector notation.

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    Lecture 2

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    The document summarizes key concepts about vectors and forces, including: 1) A force is a vector quantity that has magnitude, direction, and sense and adds according to the parallelogram law. Finding the resultant or resolving a force into components are important in statics. 2) The parallelogram law and trigonometric rules can be used to find the magnitude and direction of a resultant force from its components. 3) Forces can be resolved into rectangular components along x and y axes for analytical work, represented using scalar or Cartesian vector notation.

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    17 views18 pages

    Vectors and Its Notations: ND RD

    Uploaded by

    fahim
    The document summarizes key concepts about vectors and forces, including: 1) A force is a vector quantity that has magnitude, direction, and sense and adds according to the parallelogram law. Finding the resultant or resolving a force into components are important in statics. 2) The parallelogram law and trigonometric rules can be used to find the magnitude and direction of a resultant force from its components. 3) Forces can be resolved into rectangular components along x and y axes for analytical work, represented using scalar or Cartesian vector notation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 18

    2nd and 3rd Lecture

    Vectors and its notations


    Vector Addition of Forces
    • A force is a vector quantity since it
    has a specified magnitude, direction,
    and sense and it adds according to
    the parallelogram law.
    • In statics finding the resultant force
    or resolving a known force into two
    components.
    Finding a Resultant Force
    • The two component forces F1 and F2 acting on the pin in Fig. a
    • Added together to form the resultant force FR =F1 +F2.
    • From this construction, or using the triangle rule, Fig. c, we can
    apply the law of cosines or the law of sines to the triangle in order to
    obtain the magnitude of the resultant force and its direction.
    Law of sine
    Law of sine
    Method of finding a side
    solution
    Angle Finding
    Angle finding method
    Finding the Components of a Force
    • To study pulling and pushing effect in two specific direction, it is
    necessary to resolve a force into two components.
    Addition of Several Forces
    • If more than two forces are to be added, then parallelogram law can
    be carried out in order to obtain the resultant force.
    • if three forces F1 , F2 , F3 act at a point O , Fig. 2–9 , the
    resultant of any two of the forces is found, say, F1 + F2 and then this
    resultant is added to the third force, yielding the resultant of all three
    forces; i.e.,
    Addition of a System of Coplanar Forces
    • When a force is resolved into two components along the x and y
    axes, the components are then called rectangular components .
    • For analytical work we can represent these components in one of two
    ways
    1. Scalar notation
    2. Cartesian vector notation
    Scalar Notation
    • The rectangular components of force F shown in F ig. are found
    using the parallelogram law, so that F = Fx + Fy . Because these
    components form a right triangle, they can be determined from
    Cartesian Vector Notation
    • It is also possible to represent the x and y components of a force in
    terms of Cartesian unit vectors i and j . They are called unit vectors
    because they have a dimensionless magnitude of 1, and so they can
    be used to designate the directions of the x and y axes,
    respectively.
    • Since the magnitude of each component of F is always a positive
    quantity , which is represented by the (positive) scalars Fx and Fy ,
    then we can express F as a Cartesian vector.
    The Free-Body Diagram
    • A drawing that shows the particle with all the forces that act on it is
    called a free-body diagram (FBD).
    • Two types of connections often encountered in particle equilibrium
    problems:
    1. Springs
    2. Cables and Pulleys
    Springs
    Cables and Pulleys
    • All cables (or cords) will be assumed to have negligible weight and
    they cannot stretch
    Procedure for Drawing a Free-Body Diagram
    • Draw Imagine the particle to be isolated or cut “free” from its surro
    Imagine the particle to be isolated or cut “free” from its
    surroundings by drawing its outlined shape. undings by drawing its
    outlined shape. Outlined Shape:
    • Indicate on this sketch all the forces that act on the particle . These
    forces can be active forces , which tend to set the particle in motion,
    or they can be reactive forces which are the result of the constraints
    or supports that tend to prevent motion. To account for all these
    forces, it may be helpful to trace around the particle’s boundary,
    carefully noting each force acting on it

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