N7 by Novo - Methods of Contraception

Methods of Contraception
(natural and artificial)

Advantages and disadvantages of family
planning
• Family planning allows both men and women make informed choices on
when and if they decide to have children. Knowing both the advantages
and disadvantages family planning methods may help you decide what
option is right for you.
Methods of Contraception:
• Long-acting reversible contraception, such as the implant or intra

ulterine divice (IUD)
• Hormonal contraception ,such as the birth control pill and the
birth control injection
• Barrier methods ,such as condoms
• Fertility awareness
• Permanent contraception, such as vasectomy and tuba ligagtion
birth control pill and the
birth control injection
Condom
Benefits of family planning/conceptration
accordind to the WHO
• Prevent pregnancy-related health risks in women

• Reduce infant mortality
• Help prevent HIV/AIDS
• Empower people and enhance
• Reduce adolescent pregnancies
• Slow population growth
BENEFITS OF USING FAMILY PLANNING
ACCORDING TO DOH
Family planning provides many benefits to mother, children, father, and the family
Mother
• Enables her to regain her health after delivery
• Gives enough time and opportunity to love and provide attention to her husband and children
• Gives more time for her family and own personal advancement
• When suffering from an illness, gives enough time for treatment and recovery
Children
• Healthy mothers produce healthy children .
• Will get all the attention, security, love, and care they deserve
Father
• Lightens the burden and responsibility in supporting his family
• Enables him to give his children their basic needs (food, shelter, education, and better future)
• Gives him time for his family and own personal advancement .
• When suffering from an illness, gives enough time for treatment and recovery
DISADVATAGES
• Birth conrol health risk

• Possibility of pregnancy
• Pregnancy after birth conrol
Birth control health risk
• Some forms of birth control pose health concerns for women and men,
such as allergies to spermicides or latex. For some women, oral
contraceptives can lead to hair loss and weight gain, and the use of
diaphragms can lead to urinary tract infections
Possibility of pregnancy
• family planning methods are not one hundred percent reliable. Other than
abstinence, there is no birth control method (inchuding the natural rhythm
method) that is completely effective, Couples who are engaging in sexual
activity should always consider the possibility of an unexpected
pregnancy.
Pregnancy after birth control
• All bodies are different. There is no way to know how long it will take
a woman to conceive, and that is true whether you have been using
birth control or not. It is possible to get pregnant almost right away
after stopping hormonal contraceptives, such as birth control pills or
after having the IUD removed. On the other hand, it imight take
months for ovulation and the menstrual period to return to normal.
How long the menstrual period takes to return to its normal cycle is
entirely individual, and has nothing to do with how long the woman
has been using birth control. The most important thing to know about
stopping your preferred method of birth control is that ovulation can
return immediately, Hence, a woman can get pregnant right way
The Natural Family Planning Methods
Natural family planning (NFP) is the method that uses the body's
natural physiological changes and symptoms to identify the fertile
and infertile phases of the menstrual cycle. Such methods are also
known as fertility-based awareness methods.
Once a month an egg is released from one of a woman's ovaries
(ovulation). It can stay alive in the uterus for about 24 hours. Men can always
produce sperm cells, and these cản stay alive in the female reproductive
system for about two to five days after being deposited in the vagina during
sexual intercourse. This means women have certain time during their cycle
when they are unlikely to conceive, whereas men have no safe period."
Natural family planning methods are generally the preferred contraceptive
method tor women who do not wish to use artificial methods of contraception
for reasons of mligion, or who, due to rumars and myths, fear other methods
However, natural family planning methods are unreliable in preventing
unwanted Pregnancy. It also takes time to practice and use NFP properly, and
this adds to its unreliability. Moreover, natural family planning methods do not
protect a person against sexually transmitted diseases (STD3), including the
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Types of natural family planning methods
• Periodic abstinence (fertility awareness)method

• Use breast feeding or Lacktation Amenorrhea method
• Coltus interruptus (withdrawal of pulling out) method
Periodic Abstinence (Fertility Awareness)
Methods
• During the menstrual cycle, the female hormones estrogen and

progesterone cause some observable effects . Oberve methods, namely:
a. Rhythm (calendar) method:
b. Basal body temperature (BBT) monitoring, and
c. Cervical mucus (ovulation) method.
With rhythm (calendar) method , the couple tracks the woman's menstrual
history to predict she will ovulate. This helps the couple determine when they
will most likely conceive. Basal body temperature monitoring is a
contraceptive method the relies on monitoring a woman's basal body temperature
on a daily basis. A woman's body temperature changes throughout the menstrual
cycle, and changes in body temperature coincide with hormonal changes. This
indicates fertile and non-fertile stages of the cycle. By monitoring temperature
day, woman can determine the periods of be menstrual cycle when she is , or is
not, fertile. The cervical mucus (ovulation) method also called the Billing's
method as this was devised by John and Evelyn Billings in the 1960s, involves
examining the color and viscosity of the cervical mucus to discover when
ovulation is ocčurring.
EXAMPLES
;
Lactation Amenorrhea Method
• Through exclusive breastfeeding , the woman is able to suppress

ovulation. The method is called lactation amenorrhea method .
However, if the infant were not exclusively breastfeed , this
method would not be an effective birth control method .generally,
after three months of exclusive breastfeeding, a woman must
choose another method of contraception.
Coitus Interruptus
• This is one of the oldest methods of contraception. The couple proceeds

with coltus: however, the man must release his sperm outside of the
vagina. Hence, he must withdraw his penis the moment he ejaculates. This
method is only 75% effective because pre-ejaculation fluid that contains a
few spermatozoa may cause fertilization
Hormonal Contraception/Artificial Family
Planning
• Hormonal contraceptives are an effective family planning method that

manipulates the hormones that directly affect the normal menstrual cycle
so that ovulation will not occur.
Oral Contraceptives
• It is also known as the pill. Oral contraceptives contain synthetic estrogen

and progesterone. Estrogen suppresses ovulation while progesterone
decreases the permeability of the cervical mucus to limit the sperm's
access to the ova.
Transdermal Contraceptive Patch
• A transdermal patch is a medicated adhesive patch that is placed on the

skin to deliver a specific dose of medication through the skin and into the
bloodstream. In this case, a transdermal contraceptive patch has a
combination of both estrogen and progesterone released into the
bloodstream to prevent pregnancy.
Vaginal Ring
• It is a birth control ring inserted into the vagina and slowly releases
hormones through the vaginal wall into the bloodstream to prevent
pregnancy.
Subdermal Implants
• Subdermal contraceptive implants involve the delivery of a steroid

progestin from polymer capsules or rods placed under the skin. The
hormone diffuses out slowly at a stable rate, providing contraceptive
effectiveness for 1-5 years.
Hormonal Injections
• It is a contraceptive injection given once every three months. It typically

suppresses vulation, keeping the ovaries from releasing an egg. Hormonal
Injections also thickens cervical mucus to keep the sperm from reaching
the egg.
Intrauterine Device
• An IUD is a small,T-shaped plastic divice wrapped in copper or

contains hormones. A doctor inserts the IUD intothe uterus. IUD
preventsfertilization of the egg by damaging or killing sperm.it
makes the mucus in the cervix thick and sticky,so sperm cannot get
through the uterus. It also keeps the lining of the uterus
(endometrium)from growning very thick making the lining a poor
place for fertilized egg to implant and grow.
Chemical Barriers
• Chemical barriers, such as spermicides, vaginal gels and creams,and

glyces films are also used to cause the death of sperms before they can
enter the cervix. lowers the pH level of the vagina,so it will not become
conducive for the sperm. However, these chemical barriers cannot prevent
sexually transmitted infections.
Diaphragm
• Diaphragms are dome-shaped barrier methods of contraception that block

sperma from entering the uterus . They are made of latex(rubber)and
formed like a shallow cp It is filled with spermicide and fitted over the
uterine cervix.
Cervical Cap
• A cervical cap is a silicone cup inserted in the vagina to cover the cervix and
kee sperm out of the uterus. Spermicide is added to the cervical cap to kill
any sperm thr may get inside the protective barrier. However, this is not a
widely used method and few health care provi ders recommend this type of
contraception. The most common side effect from using a cervical cap is
vaginal irritation. Some women also experience increase in the number of
bladder infections.
Male Condoms
• The male condom is a latex or synthetic rubber sheath placed on the erect
penls before vaginal penetration to trap the sperm during
ejaculation.Condoms can prevet STDS.
Female Condoms
• It is a thin pouch inserted into the vagina before sex serving as protective
barrier t prevent pregnancy and protection from sexually transmitted
diseases incuding HN Female condoms create a barrier that prevents
bodily fluids and semen from enterins the vagina.
Surgical Methods
• One of the most effective birth control methods is the surgical method This
method ensures conception is inhibited pertnanently after the surgery:
• Two kinds of surgical methods:
• Vasectomy
• Tubal Ligation
Vasectomy
• A surgical operation wherein the tube that carries the sperm to a man's
penis is cut. It is a permanent male contraception method. This procedure
preserves ejaculation and does not cause impotence or erectile dysfunction
since the vasectomy does not involve anything in the production of
testosterone.
Tubal Ligation
• It is a surgical procedure for female sterilization involving severing and tying

the fallopian tubes. A tubal ligation disrupts the movement of the egg to the
uterus for fertilization and blocks sperm from traveling up the fallopian tubes
to the egg. A tubal ligation does not affect a woman's menstrual cycle. A tubal
ligation can be done at any time, including after normal childbirth or a C-
section. It is possible to reverse a tubal ligation-but reversal requires major
surgery and is not always effective.
THANKYO
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Methods of Contraception

(natural and artificial)

• Long-acting reversible contraception, such as the implant or intra

• Prevent pregnancy-related health risks in women

• Birth conrol health risk

• Periodic abstinence (fertility awareness)method

• During the menstrual cycle, the female hormones estrogen and

• Through exclusive breastfeeding , the woman is able to suppress

• This is one of the oldest methods of contraception. The couple proceeds

• Hormonal contraceptives are an effective family planning method that

• It is also known as the pill. Oral contraceptives contain synthetic estrogen

• A transdermal patch is a medicated adhesive patch that is placed on the

• Subdermal contraceptive implants involve the delivery of a steroid

• It is a contraceptive injection given once every three months. It typically

• An IUD is a small,T-shaped plastic divice wrapped in copper or

• Chemical barriers, such as spermicides, vaginal gels and creams,and

• Diaphragms are dome-shaped barrier methods of contraception that block

• It is a surgical procedure for female sterilization involving severing and tying

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