Abraham Akanimyene Monday completed his SIWES placement at the Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi in Lagos State. He assisted with research on biodiesel production through transesterification of vegetable oils. Key activities included testing oil samples for free fatty acid content, performing esterification to reduce acidity, and conducting base-catalyzed transesterification reactions. While the experience was educational, challenges included difficulties securing placement and transportation given the long commute without compensation. Recommendations were made to improve placement availability and provide safety equipment and allowances to students.
Abraham Akanimyene Monday completed his SIWES placement at the Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi in Lagos State. He assisted with research on biodiesel production through transesterification of vegetable oils. Key activities included testing oil samples for free fatty acid content, performing esterification to reduce acidity, and conducting base-catalyzed transesterification reactions. While the experience was educational, challenges included difficulties securing placement and transportation given the long commute without compensation. Recommendations were made to improve placement availability and provide safety equipment and allowances to students.
Abraham Akanimyene Monday completed his SIWES placement at the Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi in Lagos State. He assisted with research on biodiesel production through transesterification of vegetable oils. Key activities included testing oil samples for free fatty acid content, performing esterification to reduce acidity, and conducting base-catalyzed transesterification reactions. While the experience was educational, challenges included difficulties securing placement and transportation given the long commute without compensation. Recommendations were made to improve placement availability and provide safety equipment and allowances to students.
Abraham Akanimyene Monday completed his SIWES placement at the Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi in Lagos State. He assisted with research on biodiesel production through transesterification of vegetable oils. Key activities included testing oil samples for free fatty acid content, performing esterification to reduce acidity, and conducting base-catalyzed transesterification reactions. While the experience was educational, challenges included difficulties securing placement and transportation given the long commute without compensation. Recommendations were made to improve placement availability and provide safety equipment and allowances to students.
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A SIWES PRESENTATION
UNDERTAKEN AT
FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL
RESEARCH OSHODI [FIIRO], LAGOS STATE
PRESENTED BY
ABRAHAM, AKANINYENE MONDAY
AK15/ENG/CPE/001 OUTLINE Overview of SIWES Brief History of SIWES Description of Core Operation of Fiiro Experience Gained Conclusion Challenges Encountered Recommendation OVERVIEW OF SIWES The students industrial work experience scheme[SIWES] is a skill acquisition program designed by the federal government through its parastatal [industrial trust fund]ITF for the students of the tertiary institutions as a complimentary program to the knowledge gained through theoretical education, laboratory and workshop practice engaged in by students, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree in bachelor of Engineering. AIM It helps in developing the students intellectually as they are exposed to real life situations and are often allowed to take decisions to problems they may encounter. to bridge the gap between theory and practical. OBJECTIVES To create an avenue for students to apply learnt theories in solving problems encountered at their places of attachment. To enable the student gain knowledge that is not obtainable in the classroom. To serve as an avenue for building relationships and connections that could help career-wise after their years of undergraduate study. To focus and re-focus students on how their fields of study can build up and develop various fields of human endeavours. BRIEF HISTORY OF FIIRO The federal institute of industrial research, oshodi [FIIRO] is a parastatal under the federal ministry of science and technology. FIIRO was the idea of an economic mission sent to Nigeria in 1953 by the world Bank. the mission’s observation was that industrial research activities in Nigeria were diffused and uncoordinated with no definite direction. consequently, a decision was reached to establish the institute in 1956. ORGANOGRAM OF FIIRO DESCRIPTION OF CORE OPERATIONS OF FIIRO Federal institute of industrial research oshodi is an institute that is involved mainly in the conduct of market driven research and development for the industralization and socio-economic development of the country. Their areas of research & development include; R&D of food and agro-allied processing technology. R&D into pulp and paper processing. R&D into packaging and product design Design and fabrication of equipment prototype. PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM VEGETABLE OIL Biodiesel is a liquid biofuel obtained from chemical process from vegetable oil or animal fats and an alcohol that can be used in diesel engines alone or blended with petroleum diesel. Blends with diesel fuel are indicated as “Bx”, where “x” is the percentage of biodiesel in the blend. For instance, ”B5” indicates a blend with 5% biodiesel and 95% diesel fuel; in consequence, B100 indicates pure biodiesel. FEATURES OF BIODIESEL Low toxic in comparison with diesel fuel. degrades more rapidly than diesel fuel, minimizing the environmental consequeces of biofuel spills. lower health risk due to reduced emission of carcinogenic substance. high flash point. excellent properties as lubricant. Lower emission of contamination. Biodiesel can help cut out our reliance on fossil fuels ,and improve our energy security and energy independence. TRANSESTERIFICATION OF OIL Transesterification is the reaction of OIL with an ALCOHOL to give BIODIESEL as a product and GLYCEROL as a by-product. Purpose of transesterification is to reduce viscosity by removing fatty acid present. There are two basic routes to biodiesel production using transesterification method; 1. Acid catalysed transesterification. 2. Base catalysed transesterification. BASE CATALYSED TRANSESTERIFICATION OF OIL Base catalysed transesterification of oil is most economical due to low temperature and pressure and it uses NAOH and KOH as catalyst with a short reaction time. The alcohol used for producing biodiesel is usually methanol because it’s the least expensive alcohol. It takes into consideration the free fatty acid and produces 98% conversion yield. TEST FOR FREE FATTY ACID we weighed 1g of oil we added 25ml of iso propyl alcohol(IPA) to dissolve the oil. we added 2drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the mixture. calculated the acid value using the formula;- 56.1 × 0.1 × 𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑖𝑙 then calculated the FFA;- 𝐴𝑃𝑃𝑅𝑂𝑋𝐼𝑀𝐴𝑇𝐸 𝐴𝐶𝐼𝐷 𝑉𝐴𝐿𝑈𝐸 2 ESTERIFICATION OF OIL Check the weight of oil Calculate the volume of FFA, assuming calculated FFA was 4%,thus( volume of FFA =4% × weight of oil). Calculate the volume catalyst(sulfuric acid) using the formula(5% × volume of FFA). Calculate the volume of alcohol (methanol) using(20% × weight of oil). Mix the respective volume of sulfuric acid with the methanol. Pour the mixture into the oil, then heat and stir for 60°c/1hr. After an hour, pour the heated oil into a separating Funnel to separate into 2 layers. Separate the layer, then heat the oil to evolve any methanol in it. Test for FFA again. KOH OIL METHANO L BOILING FILTERATION/ FILTERED METHOXIDE SEPARATION OIL
BIODIESEL CRUDE TRANSESTERIFICA
PURIFICATI BIODIESEL/CRU TION ON DE GLYCEROL
Heating QUALITY GLYCERIN CONTROL RECOVERY
BIODIESEL FLOWCHART FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
USING BASE CATALYSED TRANSESTERIFICATION CONDITIONS FOR QUALITY BIODISEL PRODUCTION Good quality biodiesel can be assured if the following conditions are met:- 1. The reaction is complete. 2. The biodiesel is washed well. 3. The biodiesel is dry enough. CONCLUSION My six months industrial attachment with the federal institute of industrial research was one of the most productive, interesting and educative experience in my life and from what I have undergone, I am sure that the industrial training program has achieved its primary objective . CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED The main problems encountered were getting placement and transportation. It was quite challenging for me that live in far place to get to the institute every working day considering the fact that I was not paid. Also was inconsistent power supply which led to repetition of most experiment carried out. RECOMMENDATION It's recommended that SIWES should provide places for industrial attachment for students. Industrial training fund should pay some allowances to students and the should provide more safety equipments to prevents further environmental and health hazard. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING