Aries Polytechnic College: 5052-Automobile Transmission

ARIES POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
5052-AUTOMOBILE TRANSMISSION
ARUN G
Lecturer
Dept. of Automobile Engg.
9809155022
arungnvmech@gmail.com
Date: 01-02-2022
Duration- 2hrs
MODULE II
 Introduction – Necessity and functions of a
gearbox - constructional features & working of
– Sliding mesh gearbox-Constant mesh gearbox-
Synchro mesh gearbox- Progressive type
gearbox – Epicyclic gearbox- Torque converter -
Gear selector and shifting mechanisms, 2
Wheeler transmissions-Gear drive-Chain drive-
CVT& ECVT-Automatic transmission in cars.
Types of Gear box in transmission
 The following types of gear boxes are used in
automobiles,
1. Selective type
a) Sliding mesh
b) Constant mesh
c) Synchromesh
2. Progressive type
3. Epicyclic or planetary type
Progressive type gear box
Governor
Progressive gear box

Working principle
 Working of this gearbox is same as ordinary gearbox except for the
gear shifting automatically as the speed increases.
 As initial in rest position no gears will be engaged and hence no
power transmission for the driving to the driven wheel is obtained.
 Then when the driving shaft begins to rotate due to the centrifugal
force the governor begins to expand.
 Since the governor is attached to the driving shaft the sliding shaft
also slides towards the governor.
 As the driving shaft attains a particular speed the first set of gears will
begin to engage and power is transmitted to the driven shaft.
 Even further improvement in speed ill cause the 2nd set of gears to
engage.
 Then as the speed reduces due to the spring force the sliding shaft will
move away from the governor.
 And it finally disengages from all gears and comes to neutral position.
Advantages
 Simplicity in gear changing.
 No need for providing linkages and lever for gear
changing.
 Manual operation is avoided.
 Space is reduced.
Epicyclic gear box
 Epicyclic gearing also called as
planetary gearing. It is a gear
system that consists of one or
more outer gear (planet gear)
rotating about a central (sun gear).
 The planet gear are mounted on a
moveable arm (carrier) which
itself may rotate relative to the
sun gear.
 Epicyclic gearing systems may
also incorporate the use of an
outer ring gear or annulus, which
meshes with the planet gears. Parts of epicyclic gear box
 Figure show an example of epicyclic gearing. It is used
to increase output speed. The planet gear carrier is
driven by an input torque. The sun gear provides the
output torque, while the ring gear is fixed.
 The three basic components of the epicyclic gear are:

1. Sun: The central gear
2. Planet carrier: Holds one or more peripheral
planet gears, of the same size, meshed with the sun
gear
3. Annulus or Ring Gear: An outer ring with
inward-facing teeth that mesh with the planet gear
or gears
Working of epicyclic gear box
Simple epicyclic gear box

 In the epicyclic gear box, it involves 3 gears: a sun gear, a
planet gear and a ring gear.
 The working principle of the epicyclic gearbox is based
on the fact the fixing any of the gears i.e. sun gear,
planetary gears, and annular gear is done to obtain the
required torque or speed output. As fixing any of the
above causes the variation in gear ratios from high torque
to high speed. So let’s see how these ratios are obtained
First gear ratio:
 This provide high torque ratios to the vehicle which helps
the vehicle to move from its initial state and is obtained
by fixing the annular gear which in turn causes the planet
carrier to rotate with the power supplied to the sun gear.
Second gear ratio:
 This provides high-speed ratios to the vehicle which
helps the vehicle to attain higher speed during a drive,
these ratios are obtained by fixing the sun gear which in
turn makes the planet carrier the driven member and
annular the driving member in order to achieve high-
speed ratios.
Reverse gear ratio:
 This gear reverses the direction of the output shaft
which in turn reverses the direction of the vehicle, this
gear is achieved by fixing the planet gear carrier which
in turn makes the annular gear the driven member and
the sun gear the driver member.
 One situation is when the planetary carrier is held stationary, and the sun gear is
used as input. In this case, the planetary gears simply rotate about their own axes
at a rate determined by the number of teeth in each gear. If the sun gear has S
teeth, and each planet gear has P teeth, then the ratio is equal to -S/P. This
rotation of the planet gears can in turn drive the annulus, in a corresponding
ratio. If the annulus has P teeth, then the annulus will rotate by P/A turns for
each turn of the planet gears.
In summarize:
1. One turn of the sun gear results in – S / P turns of the planets
2. One turn of a planet gear results in P / A turns of the annulus
3. One turn of the sun gear results in –S / A turns of the annulus
One situation is when the annulus may also be held fixed, with input
provided to the planetary gear carrier; output rotation is then produced from the
sun gear. This configuration will produce an increase in gear ratio, equal to 1+A/S.
These are all described by the equation:
(2+n)ωa + 2ωs – 2(1+n) ωc = 0
Where n is the form factor of the planetary gear, defined by:
n = Ns/Np
Advantages of Epicyclic gear box
• High reduction ratios
• Compact and lightweight with high torque transmission
• High radial loads on the output shaft
• It is quieter in operation
• Uniform distribution of load over all gears having
greater tooth contact.
• All gears are constantly in mesh, so a change of one
gear to another is possible without any loss.
Disadvantages of epicyclic gear box
 Complexity
 Assembly of gears is limited to specific teeth per gear
ratios
 Efficiency calculations are difficult
 Driver and driven equipment must be in line to avoid
additional gearin
Application od epicyclic gear box
• A good example of the everyday application of a
planetary gear system is the automatic transmission of a
car.
• The epicyclic gear trains are used in the back gear of
lathe, differential gears of the automobiles, hoists,
pulley blocks, wrist watches, etc.
• The epicyclic gear trains are useful for transmitting
high-velocity ratios with gears of moderate size in a
comparatively lesser space.

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ARIES POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

Progressive gear box

 The three basic components of the epicyclic gear are:

Simple epicyclic gear box

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