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Enterprise Resource Planning Systems

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Chapter 1:

Enterprise Resource Planning


Systems
What is ERP?
Simplistic Definition

ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning

• Enterprise means organisation wide

• Resource refers to all the resources under your control

• Planning means looking at the long term view rather


than just current
What is an ERP System?
• Information system
– Arrangement of people, data, processes, information presentation
and information technology that interact to collect, process, store
and provide as output the information needed to support an
organization.

• Manages business processes


– Supply chain, receiving, inventory, customer orders, production
planning, shipping, accounting, HR

• Allows automation and integration of business processes


• Enables data and information sharing
• Enterprise-wide system
• Introduces “best practices”
What is an ERP System?
• a package software solution that tries to address the enterprise
needs for an organization by tightly integrating the various functions
of an organization.

• a business strategy that build customer and shareholder


communities value network system by enabling and optimizing
enterprise operational and financial processes.

• The most important feature of ERP is to combine all department and


functions into a single system.

• Although, it is hard but useful to integrate all various departments.


Because the needs and expectations are different.
What is an ERP – Key
Characteristics
Integration
• Integration of all the information flowing through a
company
– financial and accounting,
– human resource information,
– supply chain information, and
– customer information.

Packages
• Mapping organizational requirements to the processes.
• Organisations that purchase enterprise systems enter into
long-term relationships with vendors.
What is an ERP – Key
Characteristics
Best Practices
• ERP vendors talk to many different businesses within a given industry
as well as academics to determine the best and most efficient way of
accounting for various transactions and managing different processes.
The result is claimed to be “industry best practices”.

Evolving (improvements)
Enterprise Systems are changing rapidly
• Architecturally: Mainframe, Client/Server, Web-enabled, Object-
oriented, etc.
• Functionally: front-office (i.e. sales management), supply chain
(advanced planning and scheduling), data warehousing, specialised
industry solutions, etc.
Why implement an ERP System?
• To support business goals
– Integrated, on-line, secure, self-service processes for
business
– Eliminate costly mainframe/fragmented technologies

• Improved Integration of Systems and Processes

• Empower Employees

• Enable Partners, Customers and Suppliers


Why implement an ERP System?
Evolution of ERP
• 1960s: software packages with inventory control
• 1970s: MRP (Materials Requirement Planning) systems
– Production schedule with materials management
• 1980s: MRPII (Manufacturing Resource Planning)
systems
– Adds financial accounting system
• 1990s: MRPII
– Integrated systems for manufacturing execution
• Late 1990s: ERP
– Integrated manufacturing with supply chain
ERP Market
• One of the fastest growing markets in
software industry
• 34.5% of companies with revenues over
$1 billion plan to purchase or upgrade
• $180 billion in sales in 2002
• Maybe as much as $1 trillion by 2010
ERP Systems
• Variety of business justifications
– Replace legacy systems
– Reduce cycle times
– Lower operating costs
– Enables better management decisions
• Real-time
• On-line
Integrated Systems Approach
• Common set of applications
• Usually requires re-engineering business
processes
– Better alignment
• Limited customization
– Easier upgrades
• Overcomes inefficiencies of independent
systems
• Integrated data supports multiple business
functions
Integration of ERP System
How should we implement ERP
systems?
Obtain the right mix of people, processes and
technology!!
It’s all really about
control, it’s about
aligning people
process and technology
so that they master the
raging waters.

•People who have experienced


•Process You have to row in a certain way
•Technology You have to have a decent boat
Advantages of ERP
• Integration of business process
• Easy information flow
• Opporunities to report and analysis.
• Systematically work flow
• Faster work flow
• Increase the quality of information
• Increase communication
• Database
• Competitive edge
Disadvantages of ERP
• Costly
• Major changes in business processes
• Complex and so not easy to fit ERP into business
• Never compeleted implementation
• Expertise problems
• Training staff
Overall Business Benefits
• Information
– Maximizes information throughput
– Provides timely information
– Integrates information throughout supply chain
• Minimizes response time
• Pushes decision making down to lowest levels
• Reduces costs
• Cuts inventory
• Improves operating performance
• Customer Satisfaction
Department Benefits
• Sales
– Increased efficiency
• Lower quotes, reduced lead time, improved responsiveness
• Manufacturing
– Concurrent engineering
– Faster design and production
• Data Service
– Accurate customer service history and warranty
information
• Accounts Payable
– Suppliers paid accurately
Systems Benefits
• Eliminating legacy systems
– Reduces incompatible data
– Can cause fragmentation
• Allows sharing and monitoring of information across
organization
• Foundation of eBusiness
– Back-office functions
• Standardization
• Helps obtain and maintain competitive advantage
• Improved interactions with customers and suppliers
ERP Involves
• Project planning
• Business and operational analysis, including GAP analysis
• Business process reengineering (BPR)
• Installation and configuration
• Project team training
• Business requirements mapping to software
• Module configuration
• System modification and interfaces
• Data conversion
• Custom documentation
• End user training
• Acceptance testing
• Post-implementation support
Homework

a. Find a success story of ERP implementation.

b. Find a story of problems encountered with an


ERP implementation.

Note: Please summerise the stories, direct copy-paste from the


Internet is not acceptable.

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