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    Super-Elevation:: Reporter: Krisleen Elyzel B. Gullas

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    Krisleen Gullas
    Super-elevation, also known as cant or banking, is the transverse slope provided on highways and railways to counteract the effect of centrifugal force when vehicles travel around a curve. It is the difference in elevation between the inner and outer edges of the road or track. Providing an adequate rate of super-elevation helps reduce the chances of vehicles skidding or overturning on curves by balancing the lateral forces experienced. Formulas are used to calculate the required super-elevation based on factors like design speed, radius of curve, and coefficient of friction.

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    Super-Elevation:: Reporter: Krisleen Elyzel B. Gullas

    Uploaded by

    Krisleen Gullas
    80 views19 pages
    Super-elevation, also known as cant or banking, is the transverse slope provided on highways and railways to counteract the effect of centrifugal force when vehicles travel around a curve. It is the difference in elevation between the inner and outer edges of the road or track. Providing an adequate rate of super-elevation helps reduce the chances of vehicles skidding or overturning on curves by balancing the lateral forces experienced. Formulas are used to calculate the required super-elevation based on factors like design speed, radius of curve, and coefficient of friction.

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    SUPER-ELEVATION

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    Super-elevation, also known as cant or banking, is the transverse slope provided on highways and railways to counteract the effect of centrifugal force when vehicles travel around a curve. It is the difference in elevation between the inner and outer edges of the road or track. Providing an adequate rate of super-elevation helps reduce the chances of vehicles skidding or overturning on curves by balancing the lateral forces experienced. Formulas are used to calculate the required super-elevation based on factors like design speed, radius of curve, and coefficient of friction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    80 views19 pages

    Super-Elevation:: Reporter: Krisleen Elyzel B. Gullas

    Uploaded by

    Krisleen Gullas
    Super-elevation, also known as cant or banking, is the transverse slope provided on highways and railways to counteract the effect of centrifugal force when vehicles travel around a curve. It is the difference in elevation between the inner and outer edges of the road or track. Providing an adequate rate of super-elevation helps reduce the chances of vehicles skidding or overturning on curves by balancing the lateral forces experienced. Formulas are used to calculate the required super-elevation based on factors like design speed, radius of curve, and coefficient of friction.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    SUPER-ELEVATION:

    GEOMETRIC DESIGN FOR HIGHWAYS


    AND RAILWAYS

    Reporter: Krisleen Elyzel B. Gullas


    P P

    SKIDDING OVERTURNING

    Centrifugal Force – Is a force that Acts FORMULA:


    Horizontally Outwards thru the Center
    of the object. P or =
    WHAT IS SUPER-ELEVATION?

    • Is the difference in elevation of outer and inner edge of road or railway


    track.
    • It is also known as Cant or Banking OE

    Standard Definition of Super Elevation:


    Super Elevation is the transverse slope IE

    provided to counteract the effect of


    Centrifugal Force and Reduce the tendency of vehicle to overturn & to
    skid laterally
    outwards by
    raising the
    pavement of
    outer edge with
    respect to inner
    edge. It is
    represented by
    the letter ‘e’.
    • If the speed is balanced for the banking, the lateral
    force acting outward on the vehicle will be countered
    by the forces pushing the vehicle down the slope of
    the banking. The vehicle and occupants will
    experience a downward force (perpendicular to the
    roadway) and the vehicle will travel around the curve
    with little steering input. This is a neutral or
    equilibrium condition.

     • If the vehicle is traveling faster than the


    equilibrium speed, the resultant lateral force acts
    outward on the vehicle and occupants. At excessive
    speeds, the vehicle will skid or roll off the road.
     
    • If the speed is lower than the equilibrium speed, the
    vehicle and occupants are forced inward. Extreme
    banking can cause top heavy vehicles to rollover
    towards the inside of the curve. Additionally, icy
    conditions can cause the vehicle to slide down the
    banking, particularly when the tires are spinning to
    accelerate in stop and go traffic.
    FULL
    SUPERELEVATIO
    N
    SECTION
    SUPERELEVATION
    TRANSITION
    (tangent run out)

    NORMAL CROWN
    (normal cross slope)

    SUPERELEVATED
    CURVE
    ANALYSIS OF SUPER ELEVATION:

    We know that,
    tan theta = Opposite
    side/Adjacent Side

    Therefore,
    tan theta = E/B
    where,
    E = Super Elevation
    B = Breadth of Road
    ADVANTAGES OF PROVIDING SUPER
    ELEVATION:

    • Super Elevation is provided to


    achieve a less prone accident
    road or highways and in
    railways.
    • It increases the stability of fast-
    moving vehicles when they pass
    through a horizontal curve.
    • It decreases the stresses on the
    foundation.
    ADVANTAGES OF PROVIDING SUPER
    ELEVATION:

    • It prevent the damaging
    effect on the surface of the
    roads due to improper
    distribution of load on the
    roads.
    • It counteract the effect
    of centrifugal force acting on
    the moving vehicle.
    MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM LIMITS

    The recommended minimum super elevation provision for the road as per IRC (Indian Road Congress) is given
    in the table below.

    BITUMINOUS OR CEMENT CON


    CRETE ROAD

    THIN BITUMINOUS ROAD

    GRAVEL ROAD

    EARTH ROAD
    BITUMINOUS OR CEMENT
    CONCRETE ROAD

    BACK
    THIN BITUMINOUS ROAD

    BACK
    GRAVEL ROAD

    BACK
    EARTH ROAD
    Super-Elevation Formula :
    e + f = = when, ‘v’ is in m/sec.
    COMMON Or

    FORMULA TO e + f = = when, ‘V is in Kmph

    CALCULATE
    e = Rate of Super Elevation in %
    SUPER f = Lateral friction factor
    ELEVATION: V = Velocity of Vehicle
    R = Radius of circular curve in m
    g = acceleration due to gravity
    =9.81 m/
    FOR EXAMPLE:

    Consider the radius of a horizontal curve as 100 m.


    The design speed is 50 kmph
    The design coefficient of lateral friction is 0.15
    Calculate the Super Elevation. Let us see,
    Solution: How to convert Slope value conversion:
    e+f= Here we have got,
    Slope value as 0.047
    e + 0.15 =
    Therefore, e = 0.197 – 0.15 = 0.047 0.047 = 4.7 %
    Super Elevation, e = 0.047 or 1 in 21.2 Conversion:
    4.7 = ( 4.7 / 4.7 ) / ( 100 / 4.7 )
    = 1 / 21. 2 or 1 : 21.2
    EXAMPLE:

    A CAR WEIGHING 1000KG RUNS AT 65 KMPH AROUND AN UNBANKED CIRCULAR CURVE


    WITH RADIUS OF 110 M. WHAT FORCE OF FRICTION ON THE TIRES SHOULD BE TO
    PREVENT THE CAR FROM SLIDING?

    W = 1000KG
    V = 65 Kmph W = 1000KG (9.81
    R = 110 m = 9810 N
    F=? F=
    P P= F = 2966.875447 N
    F= = F = 2.969 KN
    F
    For mixed traffic condition,
    The Super Elevation should fully counteract the Centrifugal Force for
    75% of design speed.
    Therefore,
    e =
    Where,

    V = velocity
    R = Radius of the curve
    EXAMPLE:

    A HIGHWAY CURVE HAS A RADIUS OF 125 M. FIND THE ANGLE OF SUPERELEVATION IN


    DEGRESS SO THAT THERE WILL BE NO LATERAL PRESSURE BETWEEN THE TIRES AND
    THE ROADWAY AT SPEED OF 55 KMPH.

    V = 55 Kmph e = 0.1905
    R = 125 m Ѳ=
    F=0 Ѳ=
    Ѳ = 10.788 degress
    tan ѳ = e
    e+f= B=7m
    e=
    e= sin ѳ =
    E
    =? e = 0.1905511811 E = Bsin(10.77)
    B E = (7) sin(10.77)
    E = 1.31 m

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