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    S-Chapter 15: Frequency Distribution, Cross-Tabulation, and Hypothesis Testing

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    1517 Nahin Islam
    This chapter discusses frequency distributions, cross-tabulation, and hypothesis testing. It covers creating frequency distributions and calculating common statistics like measures of central tendency and variation. The chapter also outlines the general procedure for hypothesis testing, including formulating hypotheses, selecting a statistical test, determining sample size, and making conclusions. Additionally, it discusses cross-tabulation with two or three variables and the associated statistics. The chapter concludes with discussing different types of hypothesis tests for differences, including parametric and non-parametric tests.

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    S-Chapter 15: Frequency Distribution, Cross-Tabulation, and Hypothesis Testing

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    1517 Nahin Islam
    28 views4 pages
    This chapter discusses frequency distributions, cross-tabulation, and hypothesis testing. It covers creating frequency distributions and calculating common statistics like measures of central tendency and variation. The chapter also outlines the general procedure for hypothesis testing, including formulating hypotheses, selecting a statistical test, determining sample size, and making conclusions. Additionally, it discusses cross-tabulation with two or three variables and the associated statistics. The chapter concludes with discussing different types of hypothesis tests for differences, including parametric and non-parametric tests.

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    Hypothesis

    Original Title

    MR.S-CH15

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    This chapter discusses frequency distributions, cross-tabulation, and hypothesis testing. It covers creating frequency distributions and calculating common statistics like measures of central tendency and variation. The chapter also outlines the general procedure for hypothesis testing, including formulating hypotheses, selecting a statistical test, determining sample size, and making conclusions. Additionally, it discusses cross-tabulation with two or three variables and the associated statistics. The chapter concludes with discussing different types of hypothesis tests for differences, including parametric and non-parametric tests.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    28 views4 pages

    S-Chapter 15: Frequency Distribution, Cross-Tabulation, and Hypothesis Testing

    Uploaded by

    1517 Nahin Islam
    This chapter discusses frequency distributions, cross-tabulation, and hypothesis testing. It covers creating frequency distributions and calculating common statistics like measures of central tendency and variation. The chapter also outlines the general procedure for hypothesis testing, including formulating hypotheses, selecting a statistical test, determining sample size, and making conclusions. Additionally, it discusses cross-tabulation with two or three variables and the associated statistics. The chapter concludes with discussing different types of hypothesis tests for differences, including parametric and non-parametric tests.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    S-CHAPTER 15

    FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION, CROSS-TABULATION, AND


    HYPOTHESIS TESTING

    Means of Quantitative Research (QR) begin from Chapter 15.


    - However, the discussion of building blocks of QR started
    long before (from Ch 6).
    08/06/2022 Chapter 15 2

    Synopsis: Chapter 15
    • 1. Frequency Distribution
    • - Distribution, Cumulative Frequency Distribution (p.449)
    • - Histogram, F/polygon, Ogive (p.450)

    • 2. Statistics Associated with FD (p. 451)


    • (a) Measures of Location (Central Tendency):
    • Mean, Median, Mode, Geometric Mean, Harmonic Mean,
    • Quadratic Mean.
    • (b) Measures of Variation:
    • Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation, Coefficient of Variation
    • (c) Measures of Shape:
    • Skewness, Kurtosis and Moments

    • 3. General Procedure for Hypothsis Testing (p.455)


    • - There are 8 steps
    3.GENERALPROCEDUREFORHYPOTHESISTESTINGContd. (p.433)
    3

    1. Formulate the null hypothesis, Ho and the alternative hypothesis, H1.


    2. Select an appropriate statistical technique and the corresponding test statistic.
    - Normal test, t-test, Chi square test, F-test , etc.
    3. Choose the level of significance,  (95%, 99%, etc.).
    4. Determine the sample size (n) and collect data and calculate the value of the
    test statistic.
    5. Determine the probability associated with the test statistic under the Ho using
    the sampling distribution of the test statistic.
    OR
    Determine the critical values associated with the test statistic that divide the
    rejection regions.
    6. Compare the probability associated with the test statistic with the level of
    significance specified.
    OR
    Determine whether the test statistic has fallen into the rejection or non-rejection
    region.
    7. Make the statistical decision to reject or not reject the null hypotheses.
    8. Express the statistical decision, conclusion, in terms of the research problem.
    08/06/2022 Synopsis: Chapter 15 Contd. 4

    • 4. Classification of Hypothesis Testing Procedure (a) Tests of Association


    • (b) Tests of Difference
    • 5. Cross Tabulation (CT) (p. 459): (a) 2 Variables (p.460)
    • (b) 3 Variables (p.461)
    • 6. Problems of 2-way CT Fig 15.7: (a) Refine an initial Relationship
    • (b) Initial Relationship was Spurious
    • (c) Reveal Suppressed Association
    • (d) No Change in Initial Relationship
    • 7. Statistics associated with CT (p. 464):
    • (a) Chi square -statistic.
    • (b) Phi Correlation Coefficient
    • (c) Contingency Coefficient
    • (d) Cramer’s V
    • (e) Lambda Coefficient
    • 8. Hypothesis Testing regarding Differences Fig 15.9(p. 469):

    • (a) Parametric Tests: (i) One sample: t & z tests (p. 470)
    • (ii) Two samples: Independents samples &
    • Related samples.
    • (b) Non-parametric Tests (P. 475)

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