Lipidss (Autosaved)

LIPIDS
LIPIDS
• Derived from a greek word “lipos” means FAT

• are biomolecules that are insoluble in water, but are
soluble in non-polar solvents
• composed of basic element: carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen
• is also the body’s secondary source of energy at a rate of
9 cal/g.
• food sources such as butter, margarine, meat, eggs, milk,
cheese, vegetable oil, soy oil etc.
FUNCTIONS:
• play a vital role in many cellular processes including energy

storage, structural support, protection and communication
• accumulate in tissues around to act as insulation and
protection
• Cellular barriers that selectively allows molecules in and
out of the cells
• acting as hormones (steroid hormones)
FUNCTIONS:
• Lipid occur through out the living world in

microorganism, higher plants and animals and also in all
cell types.
• Lipids acts as important cellular metabolic regulators
• Lipids are compounds in inner mitochondrial membrane
and participate in Electron transport chain.
MONOMERS GLYCEROL & FATTY
ACIDS
• GLYCEROL is made up from three carbon atoms with a

Hydroxyl Group attached to it and hydrogen atoms occupying
the remaining positions.
• is an non-toxic compound and an alcohol composed of three
hydroxyl groups
• formula of glycerol is C3H8O3
• Used as a sweetener in drinks, often used as a solvent for food
colorings
GLYCEROL MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
FATTY ACIDS
• FATTY ACIDS consist of an carboxyl acid group (-COOH) at the end of chain at least 4
carbon atoms.
• They are nonpolar molecules and thus, insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
Types of Fatty Acids:

• Saturated fatty acids – no bonds, melt at higher temperature, pack together easily so they
are harder to melt e.g. butter
• Atherosclerosis
• Unsaturated fatty acids– do contain bonds, melt at lower temperature, do not pack
together well so they are easier to melt e.g. olive oil
TRIGLYCERIDES
• are lipids consists of one glycerol molecule and three

fatty acids.
• The bonds between the molecules are covalent and are
called Ester bonds.
• Triglycerides are hydrophobic and so insoluble in water.
• E. g. fats and oils
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
• are similar to triglycerides in they consist of a glycerol

‘backbone’ and fatty acid ‘tails’, however the third fatty
acid has been replaced by a phosphate group.
• also have hydrophobic carbon chains and a hydrophilic
“head”.
• most important function –composing the lipid bilayer in
cell membranes
• are arranged so that all the hydrophilic (water-loving)
parts of molecule point outward and the hydrophobic
carbon chains point inward.
WAXES
FUNCTIONS:
• Provide protective barriers to prevent water loss and

protect cells
• Protect seeds and nutrients plant fruits and coat the
surface of plant leaves, forming a cuticle (layer of hard
skin) to prevent water loss.
• Prevent dehydration from body surfaces of many insects
STEROIDS
• are a class of lipids containing four connected

carbon rings.
• STEROID RINGS usually contain a few small
functional groups including hydroxyls (-OH) or
carboxyl (-COO).
• Cholesterol and other steroids containing a
hydroxyl group are called sterols.
FUNCTION:
• Steroid hormones such as ESTROGEN and

TESTERONE control reproductive processes and
development.
ROLE IN METABOLIC PROCESS
• LIPID METABOLISM is the synthesis and degradation

of lipids in cells, invoking the break down or strange of
fats for energy.
• These fats are obtained from consuming food and
absorbing them or they are synthesizing by an animals
liver.
STEP IN LIPID METABOLISM
• 1st Step: DIGESTION

process of breaking the triglyceridrs down into
smaller monoglycerides units with the help of lipid
enzymes
*lingual lipose – mouth
*gastric lipose – stomach
• 2nd Step: ABSORPTION OF FAT
occurs in the small intestine
• 3rd Step: TRANSPORTING LIPIDS
the cholesterol, they require special transport
proteins known as lipoproteins. The amphipathic structure of
lipoproteins allows the triglycerides and cholesterol to be
transported to the blood
• 4th Step: LIPID CATABOLISM
once the lipoproteins travel through the tissues, these
particles will be broken down by lipoprotein lipase in the
luminde surface of endothelial cells in capillaries to release
triglycerides
5th Step: LIPID BOSYNTHESIS
the dietary fats and storage lipids stored in the
adipose tissues are one of the main sources of energy for
living organisms. Triglycerides, lipid membranes and
cholesterol can be synthesized by the organisms through
various pathways.

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LIPIDS

• Derived from a greek word “lipos” means FAT

• play a vital role in many cellular processes including energy

• Lipid occur through out the living world in

• GLYCEROL is made up from three carbon atoms with a

Types of Fatty Acids:

• are lipids consists of one glycerol molecule and three

• are similar to triglycerides in they consist of a glycerol

• Provide protective barriers to prevent water loss and

• are a class of lipids containing four connected

• Steroid hormones such as ESTROGEN and

• LIPID METABOLISM is the synthesis and degradation

• 1st Step: DIGESTION

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