TRIGO MAXIMAMinimaCALCULUS

TRIGONOMETRIC
PROBLEMS
The only angle
from which
to approach
a problem is the
TRY-angle.
1. If the angle of elevation of the
sun is 42O, what is the length of the
shadow on the level ground of a
man who is 6.1 ft tall?
Try tan 42O or cot 42O.
Answer: 6.66 ft.

2. A tower is 150 ft high, and from its
top, the angle of depression of an
object on the ground is 36.4O. a)
Determine the distance from the
base of the tower to the object.
b) How far is the object from the
top of the tower?
a) 203.46 ft b) 252.8 ft
3. Points A and B are on the same
horizontal line with the foot of a hill,
and the angles of depression of
these points from the top of the hill
are 30.20 and 22.50. respectively. If
the distance between A and B is 75
meters, what is the height of the
hill?
Distance from foot of the hill to pt.A:185 m.

Answer: HEIGHT of the hill is 108 meters
4. To determine the distance across a
straight river, a surveyor chooses two points
P and Q on the bank, where the distance
between P and Q is 200 meters. At each of
these points, a point R on the opposite bank
is sighted. The angle having sides PQ and PR
is measured to be 63.10 and the angle
having sides PQ and QR is measured as
80.40. What is the distance across the river?

The distance across the

river is 296 meters.
5. A triangular parcel of land, with vertices
at R, S and T, was to be enclosed by a
fence, but it was discovered that the
surveyor’s mark at S was missing. From a
deed to the property, it was learned that
the distance from T to R is 324 meters,
the distance from T to S is 506 meters,
and the angle R in the triangle is 125.40.
Determine the location of S by finding
the distance from R to S.
Use Law of Sines to get the
distance from R to S = 243.54 m
6. A ladder 24 feet long is leaning
against a sloping embankment. The foot
of the adder is 11 ft from the base of the
embankment and the distance from the
top of the ladder down the embankment
to the ground is 16 feet. What is the
angle at which the ladder is inclined to
the horizontal?

ANSWER: 55.57 or 56 0 0
7. A point P is 1.4 km from
one end of a lake and 2.2 km
from the other end. If at P the
lake subtends an angle of 540,
what is the length of the lake?

Use Cosine Law to get the

length of the lake: 1.78 km
8. A tower 23.5 meters tall makes an
angle of 110.2 0 with the inclined road
on which it is located. Determine
the angle subtended by the tower at a
point down the road 28.2 meters from
its foot.

Use Cosine Law to get the

angle which is 31.2 0
9. A parallelogram has sides of
length 10.3 cm and 23.2 cm. and
one of its angles is 54.20.
a) What is the length of the longer
diagonal?
b) Find the area of the parallelogram.
Use Cosine Law

a) 30.4 m b) 194 sq. m.
CALCULUS
… is something very
difficult to define,
but I know it when I do it.
MAXIMA/MINIMA
PROBLEMS
1. A rectangular field, having an area of
2, 700 m2, is to be enclosed by a fence,
and an additional fence is to be used to
divide the field down the middle. The
cost of the fence down the middle is P12
per running meter, and the fence along
the sides costs P18 per running meter.
Find the dimensions of the field such that
the cost of the fencing will be least.
width = 45m ; length = 60m

2. A box manufacturer is to
produce a closed box of volume
288 cubic inches, where the
base is a rectangle having a
length three times its width.
Find the dimensions of the box
constructed from the least
amount of material.
W = 4in; L = 12in; H = 6in

3. (a) A closed tin can of
volume 16 in3 is to be in the
form of a right circular cylinder.
Find the height and radius if the
least amount of material is used
in its production.
Radius = 2in; Height = 4in.

3 (b) Suppose that the cost of
material for the top and bottom for
the tin can in (a) is twice as much
as it is for the sides. Find the height
and base radius for the cost of the
material to be least.
Radius = cube root of 4 in.

3. (c) If the tin can in (a) is
open instead of closed, find the
height and radius if the least
amount of material is to be
used in its manufacture.
Radius = cube root of 16 in

4. In a particular community, a certain
epidemic spreads in such a way that x
months after the start of the epidemic, P
per cent of the population is infected,
where P = 30x2/ (1+x2)2. In how many
months will the most people be infected,
and what per cent of the population is
this?
7.5% of the population

will be infected after 1 month.
5. Under a perfect competition, a firm
can sell at a price of P200 per unit all of a
particular commodity it produces. If C(x)
pesos is the total cost of each day’s
production when x units are produced, and
C(x) = 2x2 + 40x + 1400, find the umber
of units that should be produced daily for
the firm to have the greatest daily total
profit .

Produce 40 units daily.

6. Find the number in the
interval [0,1] such that the
difference between the number
and its square is a maximum.

The number is ½.
7. Find the area of the
largest rectangle having two
vertices on the x-axis and two
vertices above the x-axis and
on the parabola y = 9 – x2.
A= 12 x sq root of 3
8. An island is at point A, 6 km offshore
from the nearest point B on a straight beach.
A woman on the island wants to go to a
point C, 9 km down the beach from B. The
woman can rent a boat for P150 per km and
travel by water to a point P between B and
C, and then she can hire a car with a driver
at a cost P120 per kilometer and travel a
straight road from point A to point C. Find
the least expensive route from point A to
point C.

The cheapest route is from A to P, to

C, where P is 8 km down the beach from B.
RELATED RATES
 Problems concerned with rates of

change of two or more related quantities
or variables with respect to time are
referred to as related rates problems.
PROCEDURE FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS
ON RELATED RATES:
 Step 1: Draw a figure if it is possible to do so.
 Step 2: Define the variables. Generally, define t first,
because the other variables usually depend on t.
 Step 3: Write down any numerical facts known about
the variables and their derivatives with respect to t.
 Step 4: Write an equation to relate the variables that
depend on t
 Step 5: Differentiate with respect to t both sides of the
equation obtained in Step 4 to relate the rates of
change of the variables.
 Step 6: Substitute values of known quantities in the
equation of Step 5 and solve for the desired
quantity.
Problem on RELATED RATES
1. A water tank in the form of an
inverted cone is being emptied at
the rate of 6 m3/min. The altitude of
the cone is 24 m. and the radius is
12 m. Find how fast the water level
is lowering when the water is 10 m.
deep
dh/dt = - 6/25  m/min

2. A kite is flying at a height of 40
ft. A child is flying it so that it is
moving horizontally at a rate of 3
ft/sec. If the string is taut, at what
rate is the string being paid out when
the length of the string is 50 ft?
9/5 ft/sec
3. A stone is dropped into a still
pond. Concentric circular ripples spread
out, and the radius of the disturbed
region increases at the rate of 16
cm/sec. At what rate does the area of
the disturbed region increase when its
radius is 4 cm?
dA/dt = 128  cm /sec 2

4. Suppose that a tumor in a
person’s body is spherical in shape.
If, when the radius of the tumor is
0.5cm, the radius is increasing at
the rate of 0.001 cm per day, what
is the rate of increase of the volume
of the tumor at that time?

dV/dt = 0.001cm3/day
5. Sand is being dropped at the
rate of 10 m3/min onto a conical
pile. If the height of the pile is
always twice the base radius, at
what rate is the height
increasing when the pile is 8m.
high?
dh/dt = 5/8  m/min

INTEGRAL
CALCULUS
region bounded by
y = x2 –2x + 1, the x-axis
and the vertical lines
x =2 and x=5.

16 sq units
4. Find the area of
the region between the
curve y = 4 – x2,
0< x <3, and the x-axis.

16/3 square units

region between the x-axis
and the graph of
f(x) = x3 - x2 - 2x,
1< x < 2.

19/12 square unit

region between y = x 2
and y = square root

of x.

1/3 sq unit
7. Find the area
bounded by the parabola
y2 + x – 4y –5 = 0 and
the y-axis.
36 sq. units
8. Find the area of the region
bounded by the three curves
y = x2 , y = 8 - x2 and
4x - y + 12 = 0

112 sq. units

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TRIGONOMETRIC

Try tan 42O or cot 42O.

Answer: 6.66 ft.

Distance from foot of the hill to pt.A:185 m.

The distance across the

Use Cosine Law to get the

Use Cosine Law to get the

Use Cosine Law

width = 45m ; length = 60m

W = 4in; L = 12in; H = 6in

Radius = 2in; Height = 4in.

Radius = cube root of 4 in.

Radius = cube root of 16 in

7.5% of the population

Produce 40 units daily.

The cheapest route is from A to P, to

 Problems concerned with rates of

dh/dt = - 6/25  m/min

dA/dt = 128  cm /sec 2

dh/dt = 5/8  m/min

16/3 square units

19/12 square unit

and y = square root

112 sq. units

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