10 Lipsticks

LIPSTICKS… By Abhirami (18BSW42032)
and Upasana (18BSW42034)

WHAT ARE LIPSTICKS Ingredients of Lipsticks
MADE OF?
INGREDIENTS
Wax – The main ingredient is wax, which gives the lipstick base that is easily applied
to the lips. Most commonly used types are beeswax, candelillaand carnauba wax.
Oil – More than 60% of the lipstick weight is reserved for the very important oils. The
most commonly used types are vegetable oil, castor oil, lanolin oil, mineral oil and even
cocoa butter.
Pigment – Lipsticks come in incredible variety of colors, and pigments are the
substance that allows them to gain every shade of color imaginable.
Preservatives and antioxidants – Lipsticks cannot be used for extremely long periods
of time. They have ingredients that degrade over time, and right mixture of
preservatives and antioxidants can play a big role in the prolonging of their shelf life.
Alcohol – used as a solvent for the wax and oils.
Fragrance – Oils, waxes, pigments, and other ingredients that are present in the lipstick
can sometimes emit their own smell, so many manufacturers add little fragrance to
make it peasant to the nose.
HARMFUL INGREDIENTS
Many lipstick brands use lead as one of their ingredients.Even though lead can be very
harmful if ingested, regularity bodies of many countries limit the use of this element with
strict rules.
Harmful pigments – some pigments can be derived from coal tar, which is a toxic mixture
that can cause nausea, headaches, skin irritation and attention deficit if ingested. Another
pigment called Carmine can cause skin irritation.
Methyl Paraben is used as a preservative, is considered to be carcinogenic. Polyparaben-
There is evidence that it is an endocrine disruptor and that it is an allergen for some people.
Retinyl palmitate- added to lipsticks as antioxidant, some evidence links it to some cancers
and reproductive problems.
Dyes and tocopheryl acetate
HOW IS LIPSTICK Manufacturing process
MADE?
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
1. Pigment Milling – the chosen pigment(s) is carefully mixed. Then the oils are added
and mixture is ground to 20 microns.
2. Combination of pigments and base wax – these liquids are simply mixed in a steam-
jacketed kettle, equipped with a propeller agitator an d ground again to 20 microns.
3. Molding is done at specific temperatures to eliminate certain unwanted products of
fast cooling (sometimes called “cold marks”). Lipsticks liquid that is heated to around
80 C is poured into vertical split molds that are kept at temperature of around 35 C. To
prevent formation of air bubbles in the molds, manufacturers often use slightly tilted
molds or use vacuuming to forcefully extract any air.
4. Resulting lipstick is cooled down, extracted from the molds and prepared
for flaming (passing of the sticks near one or several open flame torches that will melt
small layer of gloss around lipsticks). This procedure will ensure better visual
appearance of the lipstick, and protection from outside air and influences.
5. packaging and labeling.
DISADVANTAGES Cons of wearing lipstick
DISADVANTAGES OF USING LIPSTICKS
Lipsticks contain harmful heavy metals like cadmium, magnesium and chromium.
All these metals can cause dangerous diseases and organ damage. Extremely high
amounts of cadmium can increase the risk of renal failure.
Lead is harmful to the nervous system.
Petrochemicals can cause endocrine disruption that works as an obstacle for growth,
development, reproduction, and intelligence.
Some preservatives may also cause cancer.
some ingredients cause skin allergies and toxin ingestion.
DEFECTS IN LIPSTICKS
DURING
MANUFACTURING
FORMULATION
RELATED
PROBLEMS
1. Sweating : caused due to high oil content
or inferior oil binding
2. Bleeding : separation of liquids from waxy
bases
3. Blooming : due to higher percentage of
cetyl alcohol
4. Streaking : expected to be caused due to
titanium dioxide
MOULDING
RELATED
PROBLEMS
1. Laddering : lipstick does not look
smooth or homogenous
2. Deformation : noticeable in softer
formulae
3. Catering : shows up flaming when
stick develops dimples.
EVALUATON
PARAMETER
Melting point evaluation should be done to know the problems during handling and
storage. The melting point should generally be above 50 degree Celsius.
Breaking point of lipsticks should be evaluated for conforming strength of
lipsticks.
Force of application to evaluate the value of force to apply to surface.
 Stability is an important evaluation parameter. Stability for long time and short
time are evaluated.
Microbial testing is the test that consists of plating a known mass of the sample on
two selected culture media specifically suitable for the growth of bacteria, fungi
incubating them for a specified period to permit the development of visual colonies
for counting

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LIPSTICKS… By Abhirami (18BSW42032)

and Upasana (18BSW42034)

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