Eye Directive Wheelchair@Fnl-1

EYE DIRECTIVE WHEELCHAIR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING
TRIDENT ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY,BHUBANESWAR
Presented By
Name-Swaraj Kumar Swain
Branch-ETC(Group-2)
Semistar-6th
Regd. No.-1901289338
10/28/2022 EYE DIRECTIVE WHEELCHAIR 1

Contents
 Introduction
 Design And Specification
 Basic Devices
 Working
 Advantages and disadvantages
 Applications and Safety features
 Conclusions
 Reference
1
10/28/2022 EYE DIRECTIVE WHEELCHAIR
Introductions
 Many people are suffering from
quadriplegia around the world,
which affects their four limbs.
 The eye-monitored wheelchair
will help their movement which
makes their life easy.
 We take the advantage of their
ability to move their head.
 The laptop webcam will
capture their head movements
by that the wheelchair can be
moved in the desired direction.

Design And Specifications
 In Image Capturing Module, images are captured using
a wireless camera and are sent to the base station
(computer/laptop) for further processing.
 In Microprocessor Interfacing, the generated electric
digital output from the base station is used to direct the
motors of the wheelchair.
 Microprocessor also takes care of the obstacles and the
user inputs.

Schematic View

Basic Devices
 Wireless camera:- Eye of the user is captured with a
pinhole wireless camera which transmits the images to the
base station wirelessly.
 Computer Base station:- The images received from the
camera are processed using Open source Computer Vision
library and the gaze movement is sent to the chair via X-
Bee communication.

Basic Devices
 Microcontroller:- They are used to maintain wireless

communication protocols and on the receiver side, it
also takes care of obstacles and manual user inputs.
 X-Bee Communication:-The ZigBee shield allows the
Arduino board to communicate wirelessly using a
wireless mod

Basic Devices
 Motor Driver:- They provide the high current required to
drive the motors.
 Battery:-The system uses lithium ion cells to supply power
to the components mounted on the wheelchair.
 Obstacle Sensors:-The wheelchair has been mounted with
four ultrasonic sensors. The three sensors monitor the
forward, left, and right directions. The fourth sensor is used
for ground clearance.

Basic Devices

Working
 The series of images taken by the camera is transmitted
to the base station (computer/ laptop). The images are
processed using Open Source Computer Vision Library
(Open CV), where they are converted into XML files.
 Open CV processing yields the length and width of the
detected object(pupil). The length and width of each
quadrant are prescribed in the Open CV algorithm.
 The position helps to calibrate the quadrant in which the
pupil lies, which helps us to find the direction in which
the eye is pointing.

Working
 The processing basically divides the image into three
quadrants (left, right and center). If the position of the
pupil lies in the right quadrant then the wheelchair
moves left. If it lies in the left quadrant, the wheelchair
moves right.
 If the object lies in the center the wheelchair moves
straight.

Modes of Operations
 The wheelchair can operate either in the eye (image)
directed mode or joystick mode.
 I: Eye-directed mode: The movement of the eyeballs is
continuously tracked using a wireless camera. On receiving
the appropriate command, the receiving Arduino directs the
motion in the required direction.
 II: Joystick mode: The joystick mechanism has also been
provided as an additional feature to ensure movement in
case of tired vision. A stop button is provided on the
wheelchair which will cease working at the very instance it
is pressed.

Advantages
 Less expensive than congenital automatic wheelchairs.
 Obstacle detection using IR sensors.
 Capable of controlling the wheelchair motion for
disabled people using hand gestures.
 Front-wheel drive provides high maneuverability.

Disadvantages
 Require smartphone for operation as the accelerometer
is the main device over which the main system is
dependent.
 Battery recharging is needed so the smartphone battery
and battery to drive the motor have to periodically
recharge and maintained.

SAFETY FEATURES
 Controlled speed of detection and wheelchair drive.
 Eye height and width threshold.
 Controlled movement in either direction for a limited
period.
 Less jerk, by incorporating delay in the wheelchair
drive. Halt control using blink detection.

Applications
 In hospitals for handicapped patience.
 It can be used by an elderly or any physically
challenged person to move inside the home without
any difficulty.

Conclusion
 System functions at an accuracy of 70-90%.
 Lot of work needs to be done before making the product
commercially available.
 Need to work on wheelchair movement when the person is
just casually glaring in different directions.
 Lot of safety precautions need to be taken.

References
 1. S. Tameemsultana and N. Kali Saranya,
“Implementation of Head and Finger
 Movement Based Automatic Wheel Chair”, Bonfring
International Journal of Power Systems
 And Integrated Circuits, vol. 1, Special Issue, pp 48-51,
December 2011
 .2 Manuel Mazo, Francisco J. Rodriguez, Jose L,
Lazaro, Jesus Urena, Juan C. Garcia,
 Enrique Santiso, Pedro Revenga, and J. JesusGarcia,
"Wheelchair for Physically Disabled.

Thank
YOU
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EYE DIRECTIVE WHEELCHAIR

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

10/28/2022 EYE DIRECTIVE WHEELCHAIR 1

 Design And Specification

 Advantages and disadvantages

 Applications and Safety features

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 Microcontroller:- They are used to maintain wireless

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