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    Functions and Procedures

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    Pranav
    This document discusses subroutines in computer programs, specifically procedures and functions. It defines a procedure as a block of code that performs a task without returning a value, while a function performs a task and returns one or more values. It provides the syntax for defining procedures and functions, including with and without parameters. It also discusses how to call procedures and functions, and the differences between parameters and arguments. Sample pseudocode is given to illustrate calculating totals and averages using procedures and functions.

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    Functions and Procedures

    Uploaded by

    Pranav
    35 views11 pages
    This document discusses subroutines in computer programs, specifically procedures and functions. It defines a procedure as a block of code that performs a task without returning a value, while a function performs a task and returns one or more values. It provides the syntax for defining procedures and functions, including with and without parameters. It also discusses how to call procedures and functions, and the differences between parameters and arguments. Sample pseudocode is given to illustrate calculating totals and averages using procedures and functions.

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    This document discusses subroutines in computer programs, specifically procedures and functions. It defines a procedure as a block of code that performs a task without returning a value, while a function performs a task and returns one or more values. It provides the syntax for defining procedures and functions, including with and without parameters. It also discusses how to call procedures and functions, and the differences between parameters and arguments. Sample pseudocode is given to illustrate calculating totals and averages using procedures and functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    35 views11 pages

    Functions and Procedures

    Uploaded by

    Pranav
    This document discusses subroutines in computer programs, specifically procedures and functions. It defines a procedure as a block of code that performs a task without returning a value, while a function performs a task and returns one or more values. It provides the syntax for defining procedures and functions, including with and without parameters. It also discusses how to call procedures and functions, and the differences between parameters and arguments. Sample pseudocode is given to illustrate calculating totals and averages using procedures and functions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    FUNCTIONS

    and PROCEDURES
    (Subroutines)
    What is a subroutine?
    • Computer programs can consist of thousands of lines of code.
    (Just like a text book can have thousands of words).
    • Program is divided into related functionality using modules
    (In the same way that the text book is divided into chapters).
    • In a computer program, specific functionality is divided up into
    subroutines.

    • A subroutine can be classified as a procedure or a function.


    A procedure is a block of code that is called to perform a task.
    A function is a block of code that is called to perform a task and will return
    one or more values.
    Syntax of defining a Procedure:
    PROCEDURE<procure identifier> ( ) // This is a header procedure.
    <statement(s)> // These statements are the procedure body.
    ENDPROCEDURE
    PROCEDURES:
    A procedure is a named block of code that performs a specific task
    but does not return a value. The procedure can be called by another
    part of the program.

    Syntax of defining a Procedure.


    PROCEDURE<procure identifier> ( ) // This is the procedure header.
    <statement(s)> // These statements are the procedure body.
    ENDPROCEDURE
    A procedure with parameters is defined as follows:
    PROCEDURE<procure identifier> (parameterlist:Data Type)
    <statement(s)>
    ENDPROCEDURE

    The <identifier> is the identifier used to call the procedure. Where used,
    param1, param2, etc. are identifiers for the parameters of the procedure.
    These will be used as variables in the statements of the procedure.

    Procedure should be called as follows”


    CALL <identifier>()
    CALL <identifier>(Value1, Value2…….)
    When parameters are used, Value1, Value2… must be of the correct data type as in the
    definition of the parameter.

    Parameters and Arguments


     A parameter is a variable in a procedure/ function definition. (Parameter is a variable in
    the declaration of function)
    When a procedure /function is called, the arguments are the data you pass into the procedure
    /function’s parameters.

     Argument is the actual value of this variable that gets passed to procedure/function.

    PROCEDURE<identifiers> (value1: Datatype, Value2:Datatype)

    Parameters
    CALL <identifier> (V1, V2)
    Arguments

    Use different variable names as it clashes or else.


    Questions
    1. Write a pseudocode to enter 2 subject marks in main program and pass them into CalTotAvg()
    procedure to calculate total and average and output them.

    PROCEDURE CalTotAvg (Mark1, Mark2: Integer)


    DECLARE Total: Integer
    DECLARE Avg: Real
    Total Mark1+Mark2
    Avg Total/2
    OUTPUT “The Total is”, Total
    OUTPUT “The Average is”, Avg
    ENDPROCEDURE

    DECLARE Suject1, Subject2:INTEGER


    OUTPUT “Enter Subject 1”
    INPUT Subject1
    OUTPUT “Enter Subject 2”
    INPUT Subject2
    CALL CalTotAvg (Subjet1,Subject2)
    FUNCTIONS:
    Functions operate in a similar way to procedures, except that in
    addition they return a single value to the point at which they are called.
    Their definition includes the data type of the value returned.

    A function with no parameter is defined as follows:

    FUNCTION<identifier> RETURNS <data type>


    <statement(s)>
    RETURNS <identifier>
    ENDFUNCTION
     The keyword RETURN is used as one of the statements within the body of the function to
    specify the value to be returned. Normally, this will be the last statement in the function
    definition.

    A function with parameters is defined as follows:

    FUNCTION<identifier>(parameterlist : Data type) RETURNS <data type>


    <statement(s)>
    RETURNS <identifier>
    ENDFUNCTION

    CALLING A FUNCTION:
    <identifier> <Function Name>(value1,value2…..)

     Because a function returns a value that is used when the function is called, function calls are not
    complete program statements. The keyword CALL should not be used when calling a function.
    Functions should only be called as part of an expression.
    Questions
    1. Write a pseudocode to enter 2 subject marks in main program and pass them into CalculateAvg()
    function to calculate the average and output the average within the main program.

    FUNCTION CalculateAvg (Mark1, Mark2: INTEGER) RETURNS REAL


    DECLARE Avg: Real
    Average (Mark1+Mark2)/2
    RETURN Average
    ENDFUNCTION

    DECLARE Suject1, Subject2:INTEGER


    DECLARE SubjectAverage:REAL
    OUTPUT “Enter Subject 1”
    INPUT Subject1
    OUTPUT “Enter Subject 2”
    INPUT Subject2
    SubjectAverage CalculateAvg (Suject1, Subject2)
    OUTPUT “The Average is”, SubjectAverage

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