Workshop 6.

Transient Thermal Analysis

Transient Thermal Analysis

Workshop 6.2 - Goals

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In this workshop, we will analyze the electrically heated base typical of consumer steam irons like the one shown below.

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Transient Thermal Analysis

Workshop 6.2 - Assumptions

Assumptions: The heating element contacts and transfers heat to the base using the pattern shown here Upon initial startup a heat flux of 0.001 W/mm2 is applied until a steady state is reached Heating follows a 30 second step cycle of 0 to 0.003 W/mm2 after steady state is reached The analysis will begin with the steady state solution and proceed through the cyclic loading described above

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Transient Thermal Analysis

Workshop 6.2 - Start Page

From the launcher start Simulation. Choose Geometry > From File . . . and browse to the file Iron.x_t.

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When DS starts, close the Template menu by clicking the X in the corner of the window.

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Transient Thermal Analysis

Workshop 6.2 - Preprocessing

Change the part material to Polyethylene:
1. Highlight Part1 2. In the Detail window Material field Import . . . 3. Choose material Stainless Steel 2 1

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3 4 4. Set the working units to (mm, kg, N, C, s, mV, mA) Tools > Units menu choose

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Transient Thermal Analysis

Workshop 6.2 - Environment

5. Select surface representing the heating element on the face of the iron 5

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6. RMB > Insert > Heat Flux.

7. Set Magnitude field to 0.001 W/mm2

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Transient Thermal Analysis

. . . Workshop 6.2 - Environment

8. Select the bottom surface (opposite the heat flux side) and 6 side surfaces of the iron (7 faces) RMB > Insert > Convection

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9.

10. Change to Temperature Dependent

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11. Choose Import in the correlation field 12. Select Stagnant Air Vertical Planes1 13. Set ambient temperature to 20 deg. C

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Transient Thermal Analysis

. . . Workshop 6.2 - Environment

14. Select the 2 surfaces surrounding the heated surface 15. RMB > Insert > Convection 16. Change to Temperature Dependent

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17. Choose Import in the correlation field 18. Select Stagnant Air Vertical Planes 19. Set ambient temperature to 40 deg. C

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Transient Thermal Analysis

Workshop 6.2 - Solution

Add temperature and total heat flux results. 20. Highlight the Solution branch. 21. RMB > Insert > Thermal > Temperature, repeat for total heat flux 20

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21 22. Solve 22

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Transient Thermal Analysis

Workshop 6.2 - Results

A review of the results shows the maximum steady state temperature is approximately 51.7 degrees C The worksheet view of the environment shows that an energy balance has been achieved
Convection1 + Convection2 5.2 W Applied Load = 0.001W/mm2 * Area
Area 5276 mm

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Transient Thermal Analysis

Workshop 6.2 Transient Solution

23. Highlight the Temperature result, RMB > Generate Transient Environment with Initial Condition

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The result is, the steady state environment is duplicated and the new branch automatically setup as a thermal transient run
Notice the new branch contains an initial condition branch and a transient settings branch

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Transient Thermal Analysis

Workshop 6.2 Transient Setup

24. Begin the transient setup by specifying an end time of 180 seconds for the analysis in the toolbar

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25. Inspection of the initial condition details shows no action is required. The steady state (non-uniform) temperature result from the Environment branch is mapped to the transient branch

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Transient Thermal Analysis

. . . Workshop 6.2 - Transient Setup

26. Highlight Heat Flux in the Thermal Transient branch

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27. In the heat flux detail change Define As to Load History 28. In the History Data field choose New Load History . . .

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. . . Workshop 6.2 - Transient Setup

The Engineering Data application will open and a new Heat Flux vs. Time chart/graph will be created Enter the time and load data as shown on the next page

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Transient Thermal Analysis

. . . Workshop 6.2 - Transient Setup

29. Enter time and load information as described in the problem statement
30 second increments 0.003 W/mm2 Heat Flux

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. . . Workshop 6.2 - Transient Setup

30. Highlight the Transient Settings branch

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31. Toggle off all items but Heat Flux in the Visible and Active columns of the Timeline Legend Control

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Notice the automatic time steps are based on the end time: Initial = ET/100, Min = ET/1000, Max = ET/10 Leave time steps as default

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. . . Workshop 6.2 - Transient Setup

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Toggling off all but the heat flux allows easier inspection of the timeline chart in this case Since the heat flux is the only load defined as a non-constant it will have the only influence on the placement of the automatic step resets Reset points

As expected, each reset point coincides with an inflection point on the load history

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Transient Thermal Analysis

Workshop 6.2 - Transient Results

32. Solve the thermal transient branch

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When the solution is complete, results can be reviewed just as with steady state solutions

33. Highlight the quantity of interest to plot

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. . . Workshop 6.2 - Transient Results

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34. To review results from specific time points, LMB in the timeline chart to locate the time of interest 35. RMB > Retrieve Results

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. . . Workshop 6.2 - Transient Results

Notice, when a new time point is selected in the time line, the result detail is displayed in red until the results matching the time selection are retrieved

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Plotting the Global Maximum temperature from the Solution Information branch shows the model has not reached a cyclic equilibrium

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Transient Thermal Analysis

. . . Workshop 6.2 - Transient Results

Using the Probe Tool allows individual parts of the model to be evaluated over time Multiple Probes can be plotted on the same graph

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Single Probe

Multiple Probes

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