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    Intro. To Indian Literature

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    Sayno, Samantha Jade C.
    Here are some key similarities and differences between Indian, Philippine and Egyptian literature: Similarities: - All three literatures have a long, rich history spanning thousands of years and influenced by their respective cultures and religions. - Mythology and religious texts played a central role in the early development of literature in India, the Philippines and Egypt. - Oral traditions of storytelling were important in preserving and passing down literature. Differences: - Indian literature has roots in Sanskrit and was heavily influenced by Hinduism and Buddhism. Major works include the Vedas, Upanishads, Ramayana and Mahabharata. - Philippine literature emerged from the oral epics of ancient Filipinos and the

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    Intro. To Indian Literature

    Uploaded by

    Sayno, Samantha Jade C.
    60 views32 pages
    Here are some key similarities and differences between Indian, Philippine and Egyptian literature: Similarities: - All three literatures have a long, rich history spanning thousands of years and influenced by their respective cultures and religions. - Mythology and religious texts played a central role in the early development of literature in India, the Philippines and Egypt. - Oral traditions of storytelling were important in preserving and passing down literature. Differences: - Indian literature has roots in Sanskrit and was heavily influenced by Hinduism and Buddhism. Major works include the Vedas, Upanishads, Ramayana and Mahabharata. - Philippine literature emerged from the oral epics of ancient Filipinos and the

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    Intro. to Indian Literature

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    Here are some key similarities and differences between Indian, Philippine and Egyptian literature: Similarities: - All three literatures have a long, rich history spanning thousands of years and influenced by their respective cultures and religions. - Mythology and religious texts played a central role in the early development of literature in India, the Philippines and Egypt. - Oral traditions of storytelling were important in preserving and passing down literature. Differences: - Indian literature has roots in Sanskrit and was heavily influenced by Hinduism and Buddhism. Major works include the Vedas, Upanishads, Ramayana and Mahabharata. - Philippine literature emerged from the oral epics of ancient Filipinos and the

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    60 views32 pages

    Intro. To Indian Literature

    Uploaded by

    Sayno, Samantha Jade C.
    Here are some key similarities and differences between Indian, Philippine and Egyptian literature: Similarities: - All three literatures have a long, rich history spanning thousands of years and influenced by their respective cultures and religions. - Mythology and religious texts played a central role in the early development of literature in India, the Philippines and Egypt. - Oral traditions of storytelling were important in preserving and passing down literature. Differences: - Indian literature has roots in Sanskrit and was heavily influenced by Hinduism and Buddhism. Major works include the Vedas, Upanishads, Ramayana and Mahabharata. - Philippine literature emerged from the oral epics of ancient Filipinos and the

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 32

    “The Land of Prayer”

    • 7TH largest country in the world.


    • Covers an area of about 3.28 million sq.
    km.
    • Surrounded by three (3) different water
    bodies which made it easily
    recognizable on the world map.
    • Has a population of 1.24 billion (2014
    est.)
    FLAG OF INDIA
    The National flag of India
    (affectionately called तिरं गा
    meaning 'tricolour') has three
    equal horizontal bands - the
    top panel is India saffron
    (Kesari), the bottom panel is
    India green and white middle
    band bearing at its centre
    the design of Ashoka
    Chakra in navy blue colour
    with 24 equally spaced
    spokes.
    NATIONAL SYMBOLS
    Animal – TIGER
    Flower – LOTUS
    Bird – INDIAN PEACOCK
    River – GANGA RIVER
    Tree – INDIAN FIG TREE
    (BANYAN TREE)
    Fruit – MANGO
    Aquatic animal – GANGES RIVER
    DOLPHIN
    LANGUAGES
    OFFICIAL LANGUAGES:
    Hindi
    English
    SALWAR KHAMEEZ
    - outfit made of a long
    tunic (KHAMEEZ) and a
    loose pants (SALWAR),
    usually worn with a scarf
    called ODHNI.
    MEN
    DHOTI
    - a piece of cloth wrapped
    around the legs and tucked into
    the waist to form pants.

    KURTA and CHUDIDAAR


    - the same as women’s salwar
    khameez, it is made of stitched
    pants in silk or cotton that are
    gathered at the ankle
    (CHUDIDAAR) and a long,
    straight tunic (KURTA).
    INDIAN LITERATURE
    Indian Literature
    • One of the world’s oldest and richest
    lit.in the world
    • Oral traditions – storytellers present
    traditional Indian text
    • Literature is influenced by:
    – A religious doctrine karma – the chain of
    good and bad action and their inevitable
    consequences, which result to the repeated
    birth and death of the soul.
    – Mythology of the dominant Hindu deities
    Sanskrit Literature
    Classical Literature
    Medieval Literature:
    The Rise Of The Regional
    Languages
    Colonial Period To Independence
    Independence Onwards
    SANSKRIT
    LITERATURE
    • Literature is written in Sanskrit
    language
    • Text were produced about 16th
    century BC by people known as
    Aryans (were cattle herders who
    were originally nomadic) who
    established kingdoms in north
    India
    I.
    Religious Text
     Composed in Old Sanskrit
    by Aryan poets VEDAS
     Constitute the fundamental “Book of Knowledge”
    scripture of the Hindu
    religion and used as
    sacramental rites of
    Hinduism
     Compilation of two major
    literary forms:
    – Hymns of praise to
    nature deities
    – Ritual chants to
    accompany Aryan
    religious rituals
    The Four VEDAS
     Rig-Veda – anthology of 1080 hymns to
    various gods
    •ex. “Creation Hymn”
     Sama-Veda – “Book of Chants” consists of
    liturgies.
     Yajur-Veda – “Prayer Book” which consists
    of liturgies and repetition of Rig-Veda
    but contains many original prose formulas
     Atharva-Veda – “Book of Spells” which
    contains some hymns, spells, incantations,
    and notions about demonology and
    witchcraft.
    BRAHMANAS
     prose text that discuss the solemn
    sacrificial rituals as well as the
    commitment on their meaning, composed
    by Hindu priest

    ARANYAKAS
     “wilderness texts” or “forest treaties”,
    composed by people who meditated in
    the woods
     Discussion and interpretation of the
    dangerous rituals
    UPANISHADS
     Composed by a group of sages who
    questioned the usefulness of ritual religion
     Consists of 108 dialogues between
    teachers and their students about the
    individual soul’s unity
     India’s oldest philosophical treaties and
    form the foundation of major schools of
    Hindu philosophy
    TRIPITAKA
    “The Three Baskets”
     Major religious text of Buddhism
     Written in the Pali language
     Includes the teachings of Buddha

    JATAKAS
    “Stories of the Births of the
    Buddha”
     Tells 547 stories of Buddha’s former births
    2.
    Heroic Text
    Mahabharata
     “The Great Epic of the Bharata Dynasty)
     Written by the poet Vyasal
     A tale of dispute between two branches of
    the Bharata clans over the right to rule the
    kingdom.
    Ramayana
     “The Way of Rama”
     Written by the poet Valkimi
     Tells the story of the hero Rama, prince of
    Ayodhya and incarnation of the god
    Vishnu
    CLASSICAL
    LITERATURE
    Started with the flowering of the
    Gupta dynasty
    Great achievements in philosophy,
    sciences and arts
    Reflected values of Hinduism
    Literature was nurtured by the caste system:
    Brahman – scholars and priest
    Kshatriya – the warriors
    Vaisya – merchants
    Sudra – laborers

     Kavya was the major form of classical


    literature in Sanskrit.
    Kalidasa
    India’s preeminent classical poet
    Raghuvamsa (Dynasty of Raghu)
    - Epic poem

    Meghaduta (The Cloud Messenger)


    - Lyric poem about separated lovers

    SHAKUNTALA
    (Shakuntala and the Ring of Recollection)
    - poetic drama, tells the story of a love affair
    between a king and a woodland maiden Shakuntala
    - a universal drama of the passion, separation,
    suffering and reunion of lovers.
    Sanskrit Drama
    A rich pageant of mime, dance, music, and lyrical
    texts set in the court of kings and aristocrats

     Mrichchhakatika
    (The Little Clay Cart)
    by Shudraka

     Malati-Madhava
    (Malati and Madhava) a
    romance by Bhavabhuti
    Panchatantra
    (The Five Strategies) b y Vishnusharman

     A collection of stories in prose and


    verse, which feature animals as the
    characters, teach lessons about human
    conduct

     Use the technique of telling stories


    within the framework of the main story
    Puranas
     A genre of mythological narratives
     Five topics of Puranas:
    1. The creation of the universe
    2. The destruction and re-creation of the
    universe
    3. The genealogy of the gods and holy sages
    4. The reign of the Manus )legendary Hindu
    figures)
    5. The histories of the kings who trace their
    ancestry the sun and the moon
    MEDIEVAL
    LITERATURE
     Different regions began to develop its own
    distinctive culture
     Islamic dynasties conquered many territories
     Indian languages were influenced by Islamic
    religion, Persian and Arabic languages
     Unique version of local myths, legends,
    romances and epics emerged
    Bhatik: Devotional Literature
     Authors who belong to Hindu movement, who
    wrote lyric poetry
     Bhakti: was an aspect of religion that involved
    passionate, emotional devotion to a particular
    god.
     They addressed devotional poems to the major
    Hindu gods and goddesses; Shiva, Vishnu,
    Bhrama, Krishna, Rama, Lakhsmi, Ganesha,
     Some major Bhatik poets were women and men
    of the lower caste
    COLONIAL PERIOD TO
    INDEPENDENCE
     British became a colonial power
     The colonial government introduced English
    education for upper-class Indians so that they
    can serve the colony
     Introduction of the printing press, which made
    possible the establishment of newspapers and
    journals
     Bengal Renaissance
    Rabindranath Tagore
    • An innovative poet of the Bengali language
    • Drew on traditional forms of poetry and
    performance
    • The first non-European winner of the Nobel
    Prize award for literature

    GITANJALI
     (Song Offerings, 1910)
     His best known work, which is a collection of
    poems
    INDEPENDENCE ONWARDS
     Indian independence from Britain in 1947
    marked the start of modern Indian literature
    What role do religion and culture play
    in the lives and literature of the
    people?

    Describe Indian literature. How is it


    similar to/different from Philippine and
    Egyptian literature?

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