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Chapter 2-5 PHP Functions

This document covers various topics related to PHP functions including optional parameters and default values, global variables, superglobal arrays, static variables, and working with references. It provides examples of defining functions, passing arguments, returning values, and accessing global variables from within functions. Functions allow breaking programs into reusable blocks of code that perform tasks.

Uploaded by

EVELYN LIM JIA XUAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
82 views

Chapter 2-5 PHP Functions

This document covers various topics related to PHP functions including optional parameters and default values, global variables, superglobal arrays, static variables, and working with references. It provides examples of defining functions, passing arguments, returning values, and accessing global variables from within functions. Functions allow breaking programs into reusable blocks of code that perform tasks.

Uploaded by

EVELYN LIM JIA XUAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

PHP Functions (Part 5 of 5) Slide 1

CHAPTER 2:
PHP Functions (5 of 5)
Topics covered:-
Functions
Optional parameters and default values
Global variables
Superglobal arrays
Static variables
Working with reference

AMIT 2043 Web Systems and Technologies


PHP Functions (Part 5 of 5) Slide 2

Introduction to Functions
• Also called subroutine or methods.
• It contains a block of code that perform a specific task.
• A function can accepts one or more arguments. These
arguments can be of value type or reference type.
• A function can optionally return values.
• Can you elaborate why functions are so important and useful
in any programming languages?
• Note: Since you have learnt C programming language to
declare, define and call function, the concept is also the same
in PHP.

AMIT 2043 Web Systems and Technologies


PHP Functions (Part 5 of 5) Slide 3

Functions
• Function declaration and definition.
• Syntax:
functionName (arg1, arg2, arg3, …){
//optional return statement
//if the function does return a value
return
}
• Function call that returns a value.
• Syntax:
$valueReturned = functionName(arg1, arg2, arg3, …);
functionName(arg1, arg2, arg3, …);

AMIT 2043 Web Systems and Technologies


PHP Functions (Part 5 of 5) Slide 4

Optional Parameters and Default Values


• Example:
echo "Calculate an area of a square<br>";
echo calSquareArea(2,3) . "<br>";
echo calSquareArea(2) . "<br>";

function calSquareArea($width, $height=2){


return $width * $height;
}

AMIT 2043 Web Systems and Technologies


PHP Functions (Part 5 of 5) Slide 5

Working with Global Variables


• A global variable is a variable that you declared which can be
accessible anywhere in your script whether it is inside or
outside the function.
• Global variables available in PHP is somewhat different with
global variables that you learnt in your C programming
language.
• A variable that you define outside a function, is in fact a global
variable.
• However, in order to access global variable from within a
function, the keyword global must be used followed by the
name of that variable.

AMIT 2043 Web Systems and Technologies


PHP Functions (Part 5 of 5) Slide 6

Working with Global Variables


• Example:
$count = 7;

function displayCount(){
global $count;
echo $count;
}

displayCount(); // display 7

• However, if global was not supplied before $count, an error will


be returned as follows:-

AMIT 2043 Web Systems and Technologies


PHP Functions (Part 5 of 5) Slide 7

Working with $GLOBALS[] Array


• Global variables can also be accessed using the $GLOBALS array.
• This is a special type of array called superglobal, meaning you can access it
anywhere using global statement.
• This superglobal variable contains a list of all global variables, with variable
names stored as key and variable values stored as values.
• Example:
$count = 10;

function displayCount(){
echo $GLOBALS["count"];
}
No dollar ($) symbol

displayCount(); //display 10

AMIT 2043 Web Systems and Technologies


PHP Functions (Part 5 of 5) Slide 8

Static Variables
• Variables declared in a function often been wiped off when the function exit.
• Sometimes, it is often useful to retain local variables’ values even after the
function ends.
• In order to preserve local variables’ values, use static keyword.
• Example:
function displayCounter(){
static $count = 0;

return ++$count;
}
echo "I have counted to : " . displayCounter() . "<br>";
echo "I have counted to : " . displayCounter() . "<br>";
echo "I have counted to : " . displayCounter() . "<br>";
echo "I have counted to : " . displayCounter() . "<br>";
echo "I have counted to : " . displayCounter() . "<br>";
AMIT 2043 Web Systems and Technologies
PHP Functions (Part 5 of 5) Slide 9

Working with References


• Whenever a value is passed as an argument into the function, the function will
only gets a copy of that value.
• In case, you would want to change the original value, it is advisable to pass this
value into the function argument by reference. Use the ampersand (&) symbol.
• Example:
function resetCounter($c){
$c = 0;
}
$counter = 0;
++$counter;
++$counter;
++$counter;
++$counter;
echo $counter; //display 4
resetCounter($counter); //should display 0, but it display 4 again
echo $counter;
AMIT 2043 Web Systems and Technologies
PHP Functions (Part 5 of 5) Slide 10

Working with References


• Whenever a value is passed as an argument into the function, the function will
only gets a copy of that value.
• In case, you would want to change the original value, it is advisable to pass this
value into the function argument by reference. Use the ampersand (&) symbol.
• Example:
function resetCounter(&$c){
$c = 0;
}

$counter = 0;
++$counter;
++$counter;
++$counter;
++$counter;
echo $counter; //display 4
resetCounter($counter); //display 0
echo $counter;
AMIT 2043 Web Systems and Technologies
PHP Functions (Part 5 of 5) Slide 11

Returning References From Function


• Simply just add an ampersand symbol (&) in front of the function name.
• Example:
$count = 0;

function &ref(){
global $count;
return $count;
}

$countNext = &ref();
$countNext++;
echo $count;
echo $countNext;
• Guess the answer returned by the two echo statement.
AMIT 2043 Web Systems and Technologies

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