10-Insect Pests of Fruits

IDENTIFICATION, MODE
OF DAMAGE AND
CONTROL FOR INSECT
PESTS OF FRUITS
CONTENTS
Identification, mode of damage and
control for insect pests of mango:
1- Mango mealy bug
2- Mango Hopper
Identification, mode of damage and

control for insect pests of citrus:
1- Citrus caterpillar
2- Citrus leaf miner
3- Citrus psylla
INSECT PESTS
OF
MANGO
Mango Mealy Bug
Taxonomy
 Scientific name Drosicha mangifera
 Order Hemiptera
 Family Margarididae
Identification
Eggs 1 mm long Broad and oval

Pink when fresh Pale near
maturity
Nymph 3 stages in female

4 in male
Pupa In male only
Adult Female wingless Oval,

flattened body
Male winged
Fore wings black
Mode of Damage
• Both nymphs and wingless female causes
damage
• Nymphs crawl up the tree in January
• Suck juice from tender shoot and flowers
• Lower the plant vigor
• Inflorescence drop off
Pest management
Non-Chemical control
 Ploughing the soil around the mango trunk
 Collection of eggs and throwing away
 Wrapping polythene sheet around tree trunk
 Remove host weeds from orchard
Biological Control
 Nymphs are parasitized by Phygadeuon spp.
 Grub of Rodolia fumida are predator of mealy bug
Phygadeuon spp.
Rodolia fumida
Chemical control
 Lorsban 250 ml/ 100 litres of water
 Confidor, 50ml/ 100 litres of water
 Mospilan, 100 ml/ 100 litres of water
Mango LEAF - HOPPER
Taxonomy
 Scientific name Idioscopus clypealis Hemiptera
 Order Cicadellidae
 Family
Identification
Eggs Laid singly in tissues of the panicles,

unopened flowers and young leaves.
Hard to observe eggs
Nymphs Pale yellowish in colour
Adult pale yellow.

Adult
Mode of Damage
• Injury is caused by nymphs and adults.
• Injury to the inflorescence and tender shoots s caused
by eggs laying and sucking cell sap. The nymphs are
more harmful because they cause inflorescence to
wither and turn brown.
• Nymphs secrete honeydew- sooty mould development
giving dull blackish look to the mango tree.
• Some damage may also occur through egg laying into
the leaves and flower stems
Pest management
Host-Plant Resistance
Non-chemical: avoid waterlogged or damp
conditions
Biological control
 spiders included Araneus sinhagadensis, Cheiracanthium danieli,
Stegodyphus sarasinorum, Uloborus spp., Linyphia spp.,
Phidippus spp. and Marpissa spp.
 egg parasites of Idioscopus species
Chemical control
 More recently, organophosphates, carbamates and
synthetic pyrethroids have been used
 Bifenthrin 250ml/100 lit.of water

 Imidacloprid 40ml/100 lit. of water
 Actara 24g/100 lit. of water
 Lambdacyhalothrin/Karate 40ml/100lit. Of
water
INSECT PESTS
OF
CITRUS
CITRUS CATERPILLAR/LEMON BUTTERFLY
Taxonomy
 Scientific name Papilio demoleus L.
 Order Lepidoptera
 Family Papilionidae
Identification
Eggs The spherical, pale yellow eggs are laid
singly on the upper surface of young
leaves. 15-22 eggs are laid per female
Full grown larvae is yellowish green in

colour with few oblique brownish
Larva stripes. It has horn like structure on
dorsal side of the last body segment.
Formed under leaves or on twigs near

the feeding site, may be either brown
Pupa or green depending on the colour of
the substrate.
Body is bluish-green in colour and has

Adult black wings ornamented with yellow
spots.
Mode of Damage
• Young Larva only feed on fresh leaves tender terminal
shoots.
• Start eating leaves from the edge up to midrib
• Caterpillars in later stages, can feed even mature
leaves sometimes the entire plant is defoliated.
Pest management
Cultural
 Low-level infestations can be
controlled by hand-picking larvae
Biological control
 Bracon hebetor
 Polistes olivaceus
 Trichogramma chilonis
Chemical control
 Severe infestations are generally controlled by applying
chemical pesticides or plant extracts to the foliage, e.g.
carbaryl, phosalone, acephate, pirimiphos-methyl,
fenitrothion, permethrin, etc.
 Biopesticides Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria
bassiana.
 B. thuringiensis resulted in a 100% control of the pest
population after 5 days of application
CITRUS LEAFMINER
Taxonomy
 Scientific name Phyllocnistis citrella (Stainton)
 Order Lepidoptera
 Family Phyllocnistidae
Identification
Eggs Minute, flattened and
Transparent eggs
On lower surface of young leaves
2-3 eggs/leaf
Larva Legless, pale yellow or pale
green.
Similar to larvae
Pupa Color changes to brown
Spine on the head
Tiny and silvery white
in color
Adult Fore and hind wings
have fringe of hairs
Forewings with brown
strips
Prominent black spots along the tips
Hind wings pure white
Mode of Damage
• Larva mine into the young leaf tissues
• Form zigzag galleries between upper and middle layers
• Silvery galleries visible on affected leaves
• Leaves get twisted or folded
• Remain intact on plants
• On older leaves, brownish patches are formed
• Source of citrus canker infection
Pest management
Cultural
 Collection and burning of mined leaves
Biological control
 Larvae are parasitized by
 Cirrospiloidues phyllocnistoides
Eurytoma spp.
 Cirrospilus ingenuus
 Eurytoma spp.
Chemical control
 Bifenthrin 20ml/100L of water
 Imidacloprid, 40 ml/100 L of water
 Spinosid @ 20ml/100 lit.of water
 Coragen(Chlorentraniliprole)@ 15ml/100lit.of water
 Match(Lufenuron)@60ml/100lit.of water
Citrus Psylla
Taxonomy
 Scientific name Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama)
 Order Hemiptra
 Family Psyllidae
Identification
Eggs Almond shaped
Pale when
fresh
Turns yellow or
opaque
Nymph White to yellow body
Red eyes
Large wing pad 5
nymphal instar
Adult Forewing broaden apically

Reduced venation
Prominent veins
Mode of Damage
 Piercing-sucking mouthparts
 Loss of plant sap from foliage
 Twisted leaves
Pest Management
Biological Control
 Parasitods and predators
Tamarixia radiata
 Tamarixia radiata
 Lady bird beetle
 Beauveria bassiana
Cultural Control
Lady bird beetle
 Use of resistant varieties

Mechanical Control
 Use of yellow sticky cards
 Sticky cards are most effective at 1 meter height
Chemical Control
 Nitenpyram @100ml/100 litres of water

 Confidor Foliar, 40ml/100 litres of water
 Polytrin-C @ 250ml/100 lit.of water
 Tracer(Spinosid) @ 40ml/100/lit.of water

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IDENTIFICATION, MODE

Identification, mode of damage and

Eggs 1 mm long Broad and oval

Nymph 3 stages in female

Pupa In male only

Adult Female wingless Oval,

Eggs Laid singly in tissues of the panicles,

Nymphs Pale yellowish in colour

Adult pale yellow.

 Bifenthrin 250ml/100 lit.of water

Full grown larvae is yellowish green in

Formed under leaves or on twigs near

Body is bluish-green in colour and has

Adult Forewing broaden apically

 Use of resistant varieties

 Nitenpyram @100ml/100 litres of water

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