NUTRITION

AND ORAL
HEALTH
 KELOMPOK 2
Shalsya Bila Hartika A 2210070110018

Alifa Anataya 2210070110019

Alfera Yuniar 2210070110020

Wahyu Putri Harfini S 2210070110021

Suciati 2210070110022

Dina Tri Ramadhanie 2210070110023

Annisa Maika F 2210070110024

Fitri Angelina G 2210070110025

Gina Pratama A 2210070110027

Arieta Fadia Aunillah 2210070110028

Riyanti 2210070110029

Rafli Al-azra 2210070110030

Amelia Fiyora Azahra 2210070110031

Lutfi Fairuz Zaki 2210070110032

Alfina Rahma 2210070110033

Sabrina Puti Humaira 2210070110034

03 04
PERIODONTAL DISEASES OF
DISEASES ORAL MUCOSA
 05 06
ORAL CANCER INFECTIOUS
DISEASES

07 08
INFLUENCE OF POOR
ORAL HEALTH ON CONCLUSION
NUTRITION
 Introduction
Nutrition, a pillar of human development, is
the study of how food affects the body.
Nutritional health requires the provision of
sufficient vitamins, minerals, fiber, water,
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and other
micronutrients for cells and organisms, to
support life. The World Health Organization
defines malnutrition as a cellular imbalance
between the supply of nutrients and energy
and the body's needs to ensure growth,
maintenance and specific functions.
Understanding the role of nutrition is critical
to individual health. There is a strong
relationship between nutrition and oral health
conditions with many interrelated factors.
Malnutrition can affect the growth and
development of orofacial components,
diseases of the oral mucosa and teeth and oral
cancer. Likewise, impaired oral health can
affect daily food intake, which consequently
lowers nutritional status. It is evident that
dental disease has a negative impact on self-
confidence and overall quality of life (QoL).
Thus, identifying and managing oral health
conditions and problems related to nutrition is
important for improving the health and
quality of life of affected individuals. This
mini-review will outline the relationship
between nutrition and oral health.
 01
DENTAL EROSION
Tooth erosion The term erosive tooth This dietary acid is present in a
wear refers to a chemical-mechanical variety of soft drinks, fruits, fruit
process in which abrasive forces juices, some herbal teas, vinegar and
remove a soft layer that is attacked by dry wine.
non-bacterial acids, causing loss of A positive association has been
the hard substance of the tooth. In reported between excessive
this process the enamel is removed consumption of this beverage and
first followed by the dentin. Tooth tooth erosion; in both primary and
erosion is caused by several extrinsic permanent teeth. It is clear that
and intrinsic factors. consumption of soft drinks results in
a decrease in salivary pH depending
Along with intrinsic (gastrointestinal) on the intrinsic pH value and the
acid, extrinsic factors include a buffering capacity of the drink. PH
variety of dietary substances, 5.6 of 5.5 is considered a 'critical pH' for
mainly containing citric acid, enamel dissolution. However . Other
phosphoric acid, ascorbic acid, malic important factors that determine the
acid, tartaric acid and carbonic acid. enamel dissolving ability of this
beverage include:
 02
DENTAL CARIES
Karies of teeth and sugar foods have development and development.
been proved in previous literature. However, adequate fluoride reduces
1517 the preference for dental caries the risk of ingesting sugar, reducing
varies widely in countries with higher the amount and frequency of sugar
prevalence reported in developed intake in combination with a
countries that have a daily food sufficient fluoride application to help
consumption higher than developing reduce tooth caries. Additionally,
countries. Many studies of cross- foods and drinks such as chewing
sectional epidemiology document gum, lemon, and cheese that can
significant correlation between dental trigger flow of fluids can
caries and sugar intake in food. reduce cariogens.
Moderate nutritional deficiency of
proteins, vitamins, zinc and iron can
limit saliva protective powers and in
combination with increased daily
frequency and consumption of sugar
inevitably leads to increased karies'
 03
PERIODONTAL
DISEASES
Periodontal disease (gum disease) is a Calcium is needed for healthy bones
chronic disease that affects the and teeth. muscle contraction and
supporting components of the teeth other functions. Increased plaque
and if not managed can lead to tooth volume is associated with high
loss which can affect masticatory sucrose intake and plaque is
function, food intake and nutritional considered a major etiologic factor in
status.Periodontal disease Periodontal the development and progression of
disease is associated with increased periodontal disease. Previous studies
production of reactive oxygen have documented that high plaque
species, antioxidant nutrients such as volume is associated with gingivitis
vitamins A, C, and E are important in with a high sucrose intake compared
maintaining periodontal health. to a low sucrose diet. However, the
These antioxidants are found in many maximum practical reduction in
fruits, vegetables and whole grains. dietary sugars does not limit the
There is a link between calcium development of gingival
intake and periodontal disease. inflammation. Protein energy
Calcium plays an important role in malnutrition in early childhood is
building density in the alveolar bone associated with worsening
that supports the teeth. periodontal status in permanent teeth
during adolescence.
 04
DISEASES OF ORAL
MUCOSA
Diseases of the oral mucosa. Cheilitis and angular stomatitis occur
Deficiency of certain micronutrients due to atrophy and inflammation of
causes diseases of the oral mucosa. the lips. All the conditions of the oral
Deficiencies of B vitamins, iron and mucosa mentioned above can result
folate are associated with recurrent in difficulty in food intake and
aphthous stomatitis (RAS), glossitis, subsequently lead to poor
cheilitis and angular stomatitis. 38 nutritional status.
RAS is characterized by recurrent
ulcers confined to the oral mucosa in
patients without other signs of
disease. Ulcers may be single or
multiple and very painful. Glossitis is
characterized by inflammation and
depapilation of the tongue and
manifests clinically as a painful
burning sensation on the tongue.
 05
ORAL CANCER
Cancer results from a complex
interaction between genetic factors
and environmental expo sures.
Nutrition and diet, environmental
factors and determinants of growth
and body compo sition can contribute
to an increased risk of oral cancer.
Poor dietary and lifestyle habits can
produce oxidative damage. It is
famous. that oxidative damage
induces carcinogenesis by damaging
DNA. The amount and composition
of dietary fat is associated with tumor
development or inhibition.
 06
INFECTIOUS
DISEASES
Nutrition is a major factor in only inindividuals with compromised
infection and inflammation,5l Past immunity due to malnutrition. The
literature demonstrates a re-lationship mechanism of increased in-fectious
between malnutrition and an diseases in malnutrition is mainly
impaired host immune status. It is from an elevated level of
well known thatmalnutrition affects glucocorticoids (stress hor-mone)
both the innate and adaptive defenses combined impaired host defense of
and inducts/progresses the infec-tious saliva. Increased glucocorticoids
diseases. 52 The most commonly induce macrophagedysfunction and
encountered oral infections due to thus, decrease the cytokines
malnutrition are dentalcaries and production in response to
periodontal diseases. Acute inflammatory stimuli.This ultimately
necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis inhibits other mediators of
(ANUG) and its subse-quent inflammation and affects tissue
complication in the form of noma healing, 52 PEM andearly childhood
(cancrum oris) are potentially life PEM exhibit greater changes in the
threatening oral in-fections which can oral microbial ecologic system.
arise as a result of poor nutritional
status and are generally observed
This resultsin an increased growth of and intensify oral man-ifestations
micro-organisms and facilitating their such as candidiasis, ulcers,
binding to oral mucosal cellsleading xerostomia and neoplasms,53 These
to more damage. Though candidiasis oral symptoms canfurther
has several predisposing factors, compromise dietary intake due to
high carbohydrate diets iron and pain and discomfort and can lead to
foliate deficiencies are strongly severe malnutri-tion, creating a
associated with malnutrition. Patel negative cascade of effects.
and Glick re-vealed strong link
between oral symptoms of HIV|AIDS
and immune status. HIV|AIDS
relatedimpairment of the host
immune status may worsened by
malnutrition
 07
INFLUENCE OF
POOR ORAL
HEALTH ON
NUTRITION
Nutrition and oral health cannot be which can affect food choices and
separated from each other. Poor nutritional status, These individuals
nutritional status can interfere with also often have difficulty in obtaining
oral health, while poor oral health can tougher foods such as fruits, raw
affect individual food intake resulting vegetables and meat, and may prefer
in malnutrition. For example, foods that are cooked with a softer
periodontal disease is known to be texture that they can chew without
associated with diabetes mellitus, the discom fort. Ritchie et al.
cardiovascular disease, and some reported higher consumption of
cancers. Partial or complete tooth refined carbohydrates, sugar and
loss has been associated with poor dietary cholesterol in individuals who
dietary intake and is associated with wore dentures than people with teeth.
coronary heart disease and chronic
kidney disease. Individuals with
missing teeth have difficulty chewing
due to reduced masticatory abilities
 08
CONCLUSION
Conclusion Nutrition is an important
modifiable parameter , which can
have a major impact on oral health .
Poor nutritional status can adversely
affect oral health and poor oral health
can influ ence dietary intake and
subsequently lead to malnutrition and
oral health can play acrucial role in
maintaining good nutrition .
Interdisciplinary teams of general
practitioners , dentist , nurses and
dieticians working together can help
assure that patients maintain good
oral health status and adequate
nutrition are maintained .
THANK
YOU