Internship Presentation

on
“ Work experience in
Ishan Equipments Pvt. Ltd.”


Submitted by Guided by,
Rajeev Mahto Prof :- B.N
Gelot Enroll No. 200180119553
 Introduction

About Company :-


Ishan Equipment Pvt. Ltd was established in year 1997,are a well
known manufacturer, exporter and supplier of Engineering and
manufacturing industrial products.


The company was started engineering & fabrication unit Ishan
Equipments Pvt. Ltd. which undertakes turnkey assignment covering
Design, Supply, Installation and Commissioning.


The company is "ASME 'U' STAMP CERTIFIED“.
 Products Range

 Different products like Pressure


Vessels, Pressure Vessels Under IBR,
Pressure Vessels minus temperature,
Storage Tank.

 Thermal Oxidizer Tank, Spherical

Vessels, Rake Arm Mechanisms,
Storage Tank Under IBR, Dehydrator
Storage Tanks Under IBR, Storage
Tank, Site Fabricated Storage Tanks
and Stainless Steel Tanks.
Company’s Clients

 DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS

 Sales and Marketing


 Design

 Planning
 Production

 Quality Control and Quality Assurance(QC/QA)

 Maintenance
 Design Department

 Mechanical Design Apply Physics And Engineering Principles to the Design Of
Mechanical System And Devices.
 They Conduct Technical Research, use Software to Plan and Design Mechanical System,
Devlope Prototype, and Conduct tests on a variety of Mechanical Machines, Such As
Industrial Equipment.
 They Review Drawing Received From Customers And Copies Made For Distribution
Through Planning With Authentication.
 They Schedule Of Drawing Preparation and Approval For The Drawing Prepared For
Company
 Total Control Design Document and Drawing Revised Document/Drawing with Revision.
 Report To Management and Concerned Department as per Reporting System established
 Design Process


Mechanical Data Sheet
 Calculation
 Drawing as Mechanical data sheet
 Client Approval
 Revision ( Correction In Drawing )
 Drawing Approval
 Drawing Distribution
 As Built
 DCR (Drawing Change Request)
 Design of Pressure Vessel
Introduction

 Vessels, tanks, and pipelines that carry, store, or receive fluids are called pressure vessels.
 A pressure vessel is defined as a container with a pressure differential between inside
and outside.
 The inside pressure is usually higher than the outside, except for some isolated
situations.
 Pressure vessels often have a combination of high pressures together with high
temperatures.
 Because of such hazards it is imperative that the design be such that no leakage can
occur.
 Pressure vessels and tanks are, in fact, essential to the chemical, petroleum, petrochemical
and nuclear industries. It is in this class of equipment that the reactions, separations, and
storage of raw materials occur.
 CLASSIFICATION OF PRESSURE VESSEL
Pressure
vessel

Function Geometry Construction Service

Storage tank Cylindrical Monowall Cryogenic

Process vessel Spherical Multi Wall Steam

Heat Exchanger Conical Forged Lethal

Horizontal/ Fired/Unfired
Vertical
 COMPONENTS OF PRESSURE VESSELS


 The main components of pressure vessel are [4]

i. Shell
ii. Heads
iii. Nozzles
iv. Stiffening rings
v. Supports
 Major Part Of Pressure Vessel
Shell

 The shell is the primary component that contains the pressure.
 Pressure vessel shells are welded together to form a structure that has a common
rotational axis.
 Most pressure vessel shells are cylindrical, spherical and conical in shape

Head
 All pressure vessel shells must be closed at the ends by heads (or another shell section).
 Heads are typically curved rather than flat.
 Curved configurations are stronger and allow the heads to be thinner, lighter, and less
expensive than flat heads. Heads are usually categorized by their shapes.
 Types of Support


 The type of support that is used depends primarily on the size and
orientation of the pressure vessel.
 the pressure vessel support must be adequate for the applied weight, wind,
and earthquake loads.
 Typical kinds of supports are as follow:
a. Skirt
b. Leg
c. Saddle
d. Lug
Nozzle
A nozzle is a cylindrical component that penetrates the shell or heads of a
pressure vessel.
The nozzle ends are usually flanged to allow for the necessary connections and to
permit easy disassembly for maintenance or access.
Nozzles are used for attaching piping for flow into or out of the vessel and attach
instrument connections, (e.g., level gauges, thermowells, or pressure gauges).

Stiffener Rings
Rings made of flat bar or plate or structural shapes welded around the
Circumference of the vessel.
These rings are installed on vessels operating under external pressure to prevent
collapse of the vessel.
Following parts of ASME Code SECTION VIII DIV-1 are used in design
U-1 Scope for the design of pressure vessels
UG-16 General regarding design
UG-20 Design temperature
UG-21 Loadings
UG-22 Maximum allowable stresses
UG-23 Maximum allowable stresses
UG-27 Thickness of shells under internal pressure
UG-28 Thickness of shells under external pressure
UG-29 Stiffening rings for cylindrical shells under external pressure
UG-32 Formed heads, pressure on concave side
UG-33 Formed heads, pressure on convex side. Graph in Appendix V
UG-45 Nozzle neck thickness
UW-12 Welded Joint efficiencies
UG-45 Nozzle neck thickness
UW-12 Welded Joint efficiencies
Appendix Charts for determining shell thickness of cylindrical and spherical
DESIGNING A PRESSURE VESSEL IN INDUSTRY

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Software used in designing the pressure vessels:


Auto CAD Intergraph PV Elite
 Selection of materials
The broad classification of these materials can be done in following categories:
1. Boiler Quality Materials
2. Structural Quality Materials
1. Boiler Quality Materials
 These are the materials employed for pressure carrying components.
a) Carbon Steel – Principal element is carbon, generally ranging from 0.2 to 0.4.
b) Low Alloy Steel – Alloying elements are used, but the total alloy content is
limited to generally 5 %.
c) High alloy steel‐ heavy alloying is done for example Stainless Steels.
 Commonly used stainless steels for refinery, petrochemical services are:-
 Austenitic Stainless Steels
 Ferritic Stainless Steels.

2. Structural Quality Materials

 These are the materials employed for very general services and non‐pressure services.
 Material testing for Pressure vessel
1. PWHT‐ Post Weld Heat Treatment.
 Radiographic testing is done of the welding joints according to the pressure
vessel.
 If Vessel is designed according to ASME sec 8 div only spot radiography will be
done for ASME sec 8 div 2 full radiographic testing is being done.
 After this test heat treatment is done on the welding joints to relieve the stresses.
• Recommended for corrosive services like HS, amine, caustic services etc.

2. Impact Testing‐
 The impact testing of materials is done to take care of low temperature service.
This is because the material tend to become more brittle at low temperature.
 Charpy V notch impact test is the most common type of test used.
 Stresses in Pressure Vessel
1. Primary stress
 Primary stresses are generally due to internal or external pressure or produced by sustained
external forces and moments.
 These stresses act over the full cross section of the vessel. They are produced by mechanical loads
and are the most hazardous of all types of stress.
Mainly there are 2 types of stresses involved in a pressure vessel

Types of primary general stress

1.Primary general membrane stress, P :
a. Circumferential and longitudinal stress due to pressure.
b. Compressive and tensile axial stresses due to wind.
2. Local primary membrane stress, PL
It is the combination of primary membrane stress, P, plus secondary membrane stress, Q, produced from
sustained loadings. 
2. Secondary stress
 Secondary mean stresses are developed at the junctions of major
components of a pressure vessel and are produced by sustained loads
other than internal or external pressure.

Types of secondary stresses:

1. Secondary membrane stress, Q
These are the stress which are
a. Thermal stresses.
b. Membrane stress in the knuckle area of the head.
c. Membrane stress due to local loads.
2. Secondary bending stress, QL
These include :
 a. Bending stress at a gross structural discontinuity:
 b. The stress variation of the radial stress due to internal pressure.
 d. Discontinuity stresses at stiffening or support rings.
 SAND BLASTING PROCESS

 Sandblasting is also known as abrasive blasting.
Basically, it is the operation of forcibly propelling
a stream of abrasive material against a surface.
 There are two types of sand blasting processes:-
 Water-Driven- It is applied for reducing surface
deterioration, most commonly water driven process
is used for brick or concrete surfaces preparation.
 Air-Driven - This process is best suited for metal
surfaces, to prevent moisture buildup and avoid
water intrusion in the surface.
 RUBBER LINING DIVISION

The Rubber lining division consists of three machines:-
Rubber making machine
 In this machine the chemicals from the chemical store is being taken as mix according to the
client requirements and are dump into the machine and the machine has two rotors which
rotates and mix this all mixture and make a lump out
Mixing Machine
 In this the machine has two rotors in which water (room temp) is passed
 while mixing the rubber to keep it cool.
Calender Machine
 Here the thin rolled sheet is being further rolled to make it thinner as per the requirements,
steam is passed into rollers to make hot and not allow the rubber to stick on it. 
Rubber Lining
A rubber lining is a tough elastic
polymeric material used to coat
exterior surfaces or the interior of
containers (e.g., tanks, pipes and
other vessels) that house fluids to
prevent corrosion.

Rubber linings are used to prevent

corrosion, substance contamination,
ignition and explosion.
Procedure for making Storage tank
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PHOTO GALLERY
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 Learning Outcome

It was honor for getting internship in ISHAN EQUIPMENTS PVT. LTD., from this company I understood the procedure and
working lineup for manufacturing of the storage tank, pressure vessels, chimneys, heat exchangers.
 
I got to learn how to understand and make the design of the component as per given requirements by the clients.
 
CNC gas cutting machine was new technology that have been seen by me.
 
I learned about the process of making rubber sheets.
 
I was able to learn the different types of welding, and the inspection procedures.
 
I learned the work habits and attitudes necessary for the job success.
 
I learned to appreciate work and its function in the company.
THANK YOU