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Presented by Group 2

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P R E SEN TE D B Y GR O UP 2

The foundation of art history can be traced back tens of


thousands of years to when ancient civilizations used
available techniques and media to depict culturally
significant subject matter. Since these early examples, a
plethora of art movements have followed, each bearing
their own distinct styles and characteristics that reflect
the political and social influences of the period from
which they emerged. Whether you’re an aspiring
collector or simply appreciate the work of history’s great
artists, studying the major movements of the art history
timeline is a worthwhile place to start.
Prehistoric Art (~40,000–4,000 B.C.)

The origins of art history can be traced back to the Prehistoric era, before
written records were kept. The earliest artifacts come from the Paleolithic
era, or the Old Stone Age, in the form of rock carvings, engravings, pictorial
imagery, sculptures, and stone arrangements.
Art from this period relied on the use of natural pigments and stone carvings
to create representations of objects, animals, and rituals that governed a
civilization’s existence. One of the most famous examples is that of the
Paleolithic cave paintings found in the complex caves of Lascaux in France.
Though discovered in 1940, they’re estimated to be up to 20,000 years old
and depict large animals and vegetation from the area.
Ancient Art (4,000 B.C.–A.D. 400)

\Ancient art was produced by advanced civilizations, which in this case


refers to those with an established written language. These civilizations
included Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and those of the Americas.
The medium of a work of art from this period varies depending on the
civilization that produced it, but most art served similar purposes: to tell
stories, decorate utilitarian objects like bowls and weapons, display
religious and symbolic imagery, and demonstrate social status. Many
works depict stories of rulers, gods, and goddesses.
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Medieval Art (500–1400)


The Middle Ages, often referred to as the “Dark Ages,” marked a period of economic
and cultural deterioration following the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 A.D. Much of
the artwork produced in the early years of the period reflects that darkness,
characterized by grotesque imagery and brutal scenery. Art produced during this time
was centered around the Church. As the first millennium passed, more sophisticated
and elaborately decorated churches emerged; windows and silhouettes were adorned
with biblical subjects and scenes from classical mythology.
Renaissance Art (1400–1600)

This style of painting, sculpture, and decorative art was characterized by a focus on nature and individualism, the thought of
man as independent and self-reliant. Though these ideals were present in the late Medieval period, they flourished in the
15th and 16th centuries, paralleling social and economic changes like secularization.
The High Renaissance, which lasted from 1490 to 1527, produced influential artists such as da Vinci, Michelangelo, and
Raphael, each of whom brought creative power and spearheaded ideals of emotional expression. Artwork throughout the
Renaissance was characterized by realism, attention to detail, and precise study of human anatomy. Artists used linear
perspective and created depth through intense lighting and shading. Art began to change stylistically shortly after the High
Renaissance, when clashes between the Christian faith and humanism gave way to Mannerism.

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