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    Introduction To Calculus: Precalculus

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    Edzen Rabino
    This document provides an introduction to calculus concepts including limits, derivatives, integrals, and sequences. It begins with an overview of limits and how to evaluate them numerically, when limits fail to exist, and through substitution. It then discusses how to evaluate indeterminate limits and one-sided limits. Following sections cover finding derivatives and slopes of tangent lines, limits at infinity, and evaluating integrals by finding the limit of sums. Examples are provided for each concept to illustrate the evaluation techniques.

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    Introduction To Calculus: Precalculus

    Uploaded by

    Edzen Rabino
    77 views33 pages
    This document provides an introduction to calculus concepts including limits, derivatives, integrals, and sequences. It begins with an overview of limits and how to evaluate them numerically, when limits fail to exist, and through substitution. It then discusses how to evaluate indeterminate limits and one-sided limits. Following sections cover finding derivatives and slopes of tangent lines, limits at infinity, and evaluating integrals by finding the limit of sums. Examples are provided for each concept to illustrate the evaluation techniques.

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    This document provides an introduction to calculus concepts including limits, derivatives, integrals, and sequences. It begins with an overview of limits and how to evaluate them numerically, when limits fail to exist, and through substitution. It then discusses how to evaluate indeterminate limits and one-sided limits. Following sections cover finding derivatives and slopes of tangent lines, limits at infinity, and evaluating integrals by finding the limit of sums. Examples are provided for each concept to illustrate the evaluation techniques.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    77 views33 pages

    Introduction To Calculus: Precalculus

    Uploaded by

    Edzen Rabino
    This document provides an introduction to calculus concepts including limits, derivatives, integrals, and sequences. It begins with an overview of limits and how to evaluate them numerically, when limits fail to exist, and through substitution. It then discusses how to evaluate indeterminate limits and one-sided limits. Following sections cover finding derivatives and slopes of tangent lines, limits at infinity, and evaluating integrals by finding the limit of sums. Examples are provided for each concept to illustrate the evaluation techniques.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 33

    INTRODUCTION TO CALCULUS

    Precalculus
    Chapter 12
    • This Slideshow was developed to accompany the textbook
    • Precalculus
    • By Richard Wright
    • https://www.andrews.edu/~rwright/Precalculus-RLW/Text/TOC.html
    • Some examples and diagrams are taken from the textbook.

    Slides created by
    Richard Wright, Andrews Academy
    rwright@andrews.edu
    12-01 INTRODUCTION TO LIMITS
    In this section, you will:
    • Evaluate limits with a table.
    • Identify when limits fail to exist.
    • Evaluate limits by substitution.
    12-01 INTRODUCTION TO LIMITS

    • Limit
    • If becomes arbitrarily close to a unique
    number L as x approaches c from either
    side, then the limit of as x approaches c
    is L.
    12-01 INTRODUCTION TO LIMITS

    • Ways to find limits


    -2.1 -0.1
    • Estimate Numerically (Table) -2.01 -0.01
    -2.001 -0.001
    -2
    -1.999 0.001
    -1.99 0.01
    -1.9 0.1
    12-01 INTRODUCTION TO LIMITS

    • Limits that fail to exist


    1. approaches different numbers from both sides

    2. increases of decreases without bound

    3. oscillates between 2 fixed values


    12-01 INTRODUCTION TO LIMITS

    • Properties of Limits • Let and


    12-01 INTRODUCTION TO LIMITS

    2
    𝑥 −4
    • Evaluate

    lim
    𝑥 →2 𝑥
    12-02 EVALUATING LIMITS
    In this section, you will:
    • Evaluate limits that are indeterminant.
    • Evaluate one-sided limits.
    • Evaluate a limit from calculus.
    12-02 EVALUATING LIMITS

    • What if direct substitution give • Dividing out technique


    • Factor

    • called indeterminant form • Cancel common factors


    • Then find the limit
    12-02 EVALUATING LIMITS

    • Evaluate
    12-02 EVALUATING LIMITS

    • Rationalizing Technique
    • Get radicals out of numerator
    • Multiply by conjugate of numerator

    • Evaluate
    12-02 EVALUATING LIMITS

    • One-sided Limits
    • Limit found form only one direction
    • - from left
    • - from right

    • Evaluate
    12-02 EVALUATING LIMITS

    • A limit from calculus

    • Always gives indeterminant case


    • For the function find
    12-03 DERIVATIVES
    In this section, you will:
    • Find the derivative of a function.
    • Find the slope of the tangent line to a function.
    12-03 DERIVATIVES

    • Calculus is based on two main problems


    • Finding the slope of the tangent line to
    a function (finding rate of change)
    • Find area

    • Let h become very small


    12-03 DERIVATIVES

    • Derivative

    • Gives a function for slope, or rate of


    change, of a function
    12-03 DERIVATIVES

    • Find the slope of at


    • Find the derivative
    12-03 DERIVATIVES

    • Find the derivative of


    12-03 DERIVATIVES

    • Find the derivative of


    12-04 LIMITS AT INFINITY AND LIMITS OF SEQUENCES
    In this section, you will:
    • Evaluate limits at infinity.
    • Determine whether sequences converge.
    • Evaluate limits of sequences.
    12-04 LIMITS AT INFINITY AND LIMITS OF SEQUENCES

    • Limits at Infinity • Evaluate


    12-04 LIMITS AT INFINITY AND LIMITS OF SEQUENCES

    • Shortcut • Evaluate
    • N = degree of numerator
    • D = degree of denominator
    • N<D0
    • N = D  leading coefficients
    • N > D  No limit
    12-04 LIMITS AT INFINITY AND LIMITS OF SEQUENCES

    • Limits of Sequences
    • If terms of a sequence approach a value as , then it converges.
    • Otherwise, it diverges.
    12-04 LIMITS AT INFINITY AND LIMITS OF SEQUENCES

    • Find the limit of the sequence


    12-04 LIMITS AT INFINITY AND LIMITS OF SEQUENCES

    • Find the limit of .


    12-05 INTEGRALS
    In this section, you will:
    • Find the limit of sums as n approaches ∞.
    • Evaluate an integral.
    12-05 INTEGRALS

    • Properties of Sums • Associative Property

    • Distributive Property (Factoring)


    12-05 INTEGRALS

    • Find the limit of as


    12-05 INTEGRALS

    • The Area Problem


    • Find the area between the graph and
    the x-axis between two x-values a and b
    • Imagine drawing a bunch of rectangles
    with their top corner on the graph
    • The area would approximately be the
    area of the rectangles
    • The more rectangles, the better the
    approximation. Let there be rectangles
    12-05 INTEGRALS

    • Find the area bounded by and and


    12-05 INTEGRALS

    • Find the area bounded by and to


    12-05 INTEGRALS

    ( )
    𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
    6 8 8 2
    lim ∑ 1+ 2 ∑ 𝑖− 3 ∑ 𝑖
    𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑛 𝑖=1

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