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    Light Dependant Resister

    Uploaded by

    Ayush Pattnaik
    An LDR or light dependent resistor is a resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing light intensity. It is constructed of a light-sensitive semiconductor such as cadmium sulfide placed on an insulating substrate. When light strikes the semiconductor, electrons are excited from the valence to conduction band, increasing the number of charge carriers and thereby decreasing resistance. LDRs are commonly used in applications to automatically turn lights on at night and off during the day, saving energy. They can also be used in security systems and to regulate light intensity.

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    Light Dependant Resister

    Uploaded by

    Ayush Pattnaik
    38 views10 pages
    An LDR or light dependent resistor is a resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing light intensity. It is constructed of a light-sensitive semiconductor such as cadmium sulfide placed on an insulating substrate. When light strikes the semiconductor, electrons are excited from the valence to conduction band, increasing the number of charge carriers and thereby decreasing resistance. LDRs are commonly used in applications to automatically turn lights on at night and off during the day, saving energy. They can also be used in security systems and to regulate light intensity.

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    LDR(1)

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    An LDR or light dependent resistor is a resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing light intensity. It is constructed of a light-sensitive semiconductor such as cadmium sulfide placed on an insulating substrate. When light strikes the semiconductor, electrons are excited from the valence to conduction band, increasing the number of charge carriers and thereby decreasing resistance. LDRs are commonly used in applications to automatically turn lights on at night and off during the day, saving energy. They can also be used in security systems and to regulate light intensity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    38 views10 pages

    Light Dependant Resister

    Uploaded by

    Ayush Pattnaik
    An LDR or light dependent resistor is a resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing light intensity. It is constructed of a light-sensitive semiconductor such as cadmium sulfide placed on an insulating substrate. When light strikes the semiconductor, electrons are excited from the valence to conduction band, increasing the number of charge carriers and thereby decreasing resistance. LDRs are commonly used in applications to automatically turn lights on at night and off during the day, saving energy. They can also be used in security systems and to regulate light intensity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Light Dependant Resister

    Introduction
    • Majority of street lights, outdoor lights, and a number of indoor home
    appliances are typically operated and maintained manually in many
    occasions. This is not only risky, however additionally it leads to
    wastage of power with the negligence of personnel or uncommon
    circumstances in controlling these electrical appliances ON and OFF.
    • Hence, we can utilize the light sensor circuit for automatic switch OFF
    the loads based on daylight’s intensity by employing a light sensor.
    What is a Light Dependent Resistor?
    • An LDR or light dependent resistor is also known as photo resistor,
    photocell, photoconductor. It is a one type of resistor whose resistance
    varies depending on the amount of light falling on its surface.
    • When the light falls on the resistor, then the resistance changes. These
    resistors are often used in many circuits where it is required to sense
    the presence of light.
    • For instance, when the LDR is in darkness, then it can be used to turn
    ON a light or to turn OFF a light when it is in the light. A typical light
    dependent resistor has a resistance in the darkness of 1MegaOhm, and
    in the brightness a resistance of a couple of KiloOhm
    Materials for LDR
    • The designing of LDRs can be done by using semiconductor materials to
    allow their light-sensitive properties. The famous material used in this
    resistor is CdS (cadmium sulfide), even though the utilization of this
    material is currently restricted in European countries due to some
    environmental issues while using this material. Likewise, CdSe (cadmium
    selenide) is also restricted and additional materials that can be employed
    mainly include PbS (lead sulfide), InS ( indium antimonide).

    • Even though for these resistors, a semiconductor material is used, because


    they are simply passive devices and they do not have a PN-junction. This
    detaches them from other LDRs such as phototransistors & photodiodes.
    Construction of LDR
    Contd..
    • The construction of an LDR includes a light-sensitive material that is
    placed on an insulating substrate like ceramic. The material is placed
    in a zigzag shape in order to get the required power rating and
    resistance. The area of zigzag separates the metal-placed areas into
    two regions.
    • Where the Ohmic contacts are made either on the sides of the area.
    The resistances of the contacts must be as less as possible to make
    sure that the resistance, mainly varies due to the light effect only. The
    use of lead & cadmium materials is avoided as they are injurious to
    the environment.
    Working Principle of Light Dependent
    Resistor
    • The working principle of an LDR is photoconductivity, which is nothing
    but an optical phenomenon. When the light is absorbed by the material
    then the conductivity of the material enhances. When the light falls on
    the LDR, then the electrons in the valence band of the material are
    eager to the conduction band. But, the photons in the incident light
    must have energy superior to the bandgap of the material to make the
    electrons jump from one band to another band (valance to conduction).
    • Hence, when light having ample energy, more electrons are excited to
    the conduction band which grades in a large number of charge carriers.
    When the effect of this process and the flow of the current starts
    flowing more, the resistance of the device decreases.
    Characteristics of LDR
    If a constant “V’ is
    applied to the LDR,
    the intensity of the
    light increased and
    current increases. The
    figure below shows
    the curve between
    resistance Vs
    illumination curve for
    a particular light
    dependent resistor.
    Types of light Dependent Resistors
    Light dependent resistors are classified based on the materials used.
    Intrinsic Photo Resistors
    These resistors are pure semiconductor devices like silicon or germanium.
    When the light falls on the LDR, then the electrons get excited from the
    valence band to the conduction band and number of charge carriers increases.
    Extrinsic Photo Resistors
    These devices are doped with impurities and these impurities creates a new
    energy bands above the valence band. These bands are filled with electrons.
    Hence this decrease the band gap and small amount of energy is required in
    moving them. These resistors are mainly used for long wavelengths.
    Light Dependent Resistor Applications
    • Power Conserving of Intensity Controlled Street Lights using LDR
    • Security System Controlled by An Electronic Eye
    • LDR Based light Intensity Control for Street Lights
    • Lighting Switch from Sunset to Sunrise
    The applications of LDR mainly include alarm clocks, street lights, light
    intensity meters, burglar alarm circuits.

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