Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 10 views

    Spread Spectrum Technology

    Uploaded by

    nick
    Spread spectrum technology uses special codes to spread narrowband signals into broadband signals. This provides three main benefits: 1) It protects against narrowband interference by spreading the signal across a wide frequency band. 2) There are two main types: direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) which uses a pseudo-random code, and frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) which rapidly switches the carrier among many frequency channels. 3) DSSS spreads the signal by XORing it with a chipping sequence, while FHSS divides the spectrum into channels and hops between them, transmitting short bursts on each channel.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Spread Spectrum Technology

    Uploaded by

    nick
    10 views10 pages
    Spread spectrum technology uses special codes to spread narrowband signals into broadband signals. This provides three main benefits: 1) It protects against narrowband interference by spreading the signal across a wide frequency band. 2) There are two main types: direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) which uses a pseudo-random code, and frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) which rapidly switches the carrier among many frequency channels. 3) DSSS spreads the signal by XORing it with a chipping sequence, while FHSS divides the spectrum into channels and hops between them, transmitting short bursts on each channel.

    Original Description:

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Spread spectrum technology uses special codes to spread narrowband signals into broadband signals. This provides three main benefits: 1) It protects against narrowband interference by spreading the signal across a wide frequency band. 2) There are two main types: direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) which uses a pseudo-random code, and frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) which rapidly switches the carrier among many frequency channels. 3) DSSS spreads the signal by XORing it with a chipping sequence, while FHSS divides the spectrum into channels and hops between them, transmitting short bursts on each channel.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    10 views10 pages

    Spread Spectrum Technology

    Uploaded by

    nick
    Spread spectrum technology uses special codes to spread narrowband signals into broadband signals. This provides three main benefits: 1) It protects against narrowband interference by spreading the signal across a wide frequency band. 2) There are two main types: direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) which uses a pseudo-random code, and frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) which rapidly switches the carrier among many frequency channels. 3) DSSS spreads the signal by XORing it with a chipping sequence, while FHSS divides the spectrum into channels and hops between them, transmitting short bursts on each channel.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Spread spectrum technology

    • Problem of radio transmission: frequency dependent fading can wipe


    out narrow band signals for duration of the interference
    • Solution: spread the narrow band signal into a broad band signal
    using a special code
    • protection against narrow band interference
    • Two types
    -Direct Sequence,
    -Frequency Hopping
    Effects of spreading and interference

    dP/df dP/df
    user signal
    i) ii) broadband interference
    f f narrowband
    sende interference
    dP/df r dP/df dP/df

    iii) iv) v
    f f ) f
    receive
    r
    Spreading and frequency selective fading
    channe
    l
    quality
    1 2 5 6 narrowband channels
    3
    4
    frequenc
    narrow guard y
    band space
    signal
    DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) I

    XOR of the signal with pseudo-random number (chipping sequence)


    ❑ many chips per bit (e.g., 128) result in higher bandwidth of the signal
    tb
    user
    0 1 data
    XOR
    tc
    chipping
    sequenc
    01101010110101 e =
    resultin
    g
    01101011001010 signal
    tb: bit period
    tc: chip period
    DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) II

    spread
    spectru transmi
    user modulat
    X m t
    data or
    signal signal
    chipping radio
    sequenc carrie
    e r
    transmitte
    r
    correlato
    lowpas r sample
    receive product
    s d dat
    d s integrato decisio
    demodulator filtered X sums a
    signal r n
    signal
    radio chipping
    carrie sequenc
    r e
    receive
    r
    FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) I
    • For frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) systems, the total
    available bandwidth is split into many channels of smaller bandwidth
    plus guard spaces between the channels.
    • Transmitter and receiver stay on one of these channels for a certain
    time and then hop to another channel.
    • The pattern of channel usage is called the hopping sequence, the
    time spend on a channel with a certain frequency is called the dwell
    time.
    Two versions
    ❑ Fast Hopping:
    several frequencies per user bit
    ❑ Slow Hopping:
    several user bits per frequency
    Advantages
    ❑ frequency selective fading and interference limited to short period
    ❑ simple implementation
    ❑ uses only small portion of spectrum at any time
    Disadvantages
    ❑ not as robust as DSSS
    ❑ simpler to detect

    Eg:Bluetooth performs 1,600 hops per second and uses 79 hop carriers
    equally spaced with 1 MHz in the 2.4 GHz ISM band.
    FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) II

    tb
    user
    0 1 0 1 1 t data
    f
    td
    f3 slow
    f2 hopping
    f1 (3
    t bits/hop)
    f td
    f3 fast
    f2 hopping
    f1 (3
    t hops/bit)

    tb: bit period td: dwell time


    FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) III

    narrowban spread
    user d transmi
    modulat
    data modulator signal t
    or
    signal
    frequency
    synthesize hopping
    transmitte r sequenc
    r e

    narrowban
    receive d
    demodulat dat
    d signal demodulator
    or a
    signal
    frequency
    hopping synthesize
    sequenc r receive
    e r

    You might also like