2100 New Ils

MODEL 2100
INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

(ILS)
TRAINING COURSE
2100 ILS COURSE
COURSE OBJECTIVES
• Name and locate each major assembly of the

ILS Equipment, explain the function of each,
and explain its contribution to the overall signal
flow.
• Operate and align the ILS equipment in
accordance with the manufacturer’s
specifications.
• Recognize out of tolerance conditions and
troubleshoot the ILS equipment to the module,
subassembly or Line Replaceable Unit (LRU)
level.
2
ILS PRINCIPLES
PURPOSE OF ILS
ILS PRINCIPLES
PURPOSE OF ILS
Lesson Objectives
• Overall purpose of the ILS system
• Description of the Course Deviation
Indicator (CDI)
• Purpose of the Localizer in relationship
to the CDI
• Purpose of the Glideslope in relationship
to the CDI
4
ILS PRINCIPLES
PURPOSE OF ILS
HOW DO I GET FROM HERE TO THERE?
5
ILS PRINCIPLES
PURPOSE OF ILS
LOCALIZER – Gives Aircraft extended centerline of

runway out to 18nm (25nm ICAO)
GLIDESLOPE – Gives Aircraft extended glidepath out to

10nm.
6
ILS PRINCIPLES
PURPOSE OF ILS
COURSE DEVIATION INDICATOR This is one of many types of Course

Deviation Indicators (CDI) installed in
aircraft. Pilots use them during the
landing of the aircraft.
This is called a needle and gives the pilot

the horizontal position of the aircraft in
relationship to centerline of the runway.
This needle gives the pilot the vertical

position of the aircraft in relationship to
the proper glidepath or glide angle to
touchdown.
7
ILS PRINCIPLES
PURPOSE OF ILS
As the aircraft moves right of centerline

the needle moves to the left
When the aircraft in on centerline the vertical

needle will be position in the center of the CDI.
As the aircraft moves left of centerline

the needle moves to the right
8
ILS PRINCIPLES
PURPOSE OF ILS
As the aircraft moves below the

glidepath the needle will move up
giving a fly up indication.
When the aircraft is on the proper

glidepath the horizontal needle will be
in the center of the CDI.
As the aircraft moves above the

glidepath the needle will move down
giving a fly down indication.
9
ILS PRINCIPLES
ILS PATTERNS
ILS PRINCIPLES
LOCALIZER
ILS PATTERNS
ILSILSPRINCIPLES
PATTERNS (LOCALIZER)
Lesson Objectives
• Understand Log Periodic Dipole (LPD)
Antenna Radiation Patterns
12
ILSILSPRINCIPLES
LOG PERIODIC DIAPOLE (LPD) ANTENNAS
14/10 Antenna System
13
ILSILSPRINCIPLES
1 PAIR OF ANTENNAS
14
ILSILSPRINCIPLES
HORIZONTAL RADIATION PATTERNS OF ANTENNA PAIRS WITH VARIOUS SPACINGS

WHICH ARE FED EQUAL CURRENTS BOTH IN-PHASE & OUT-OF-PHASE
a=45° a=90° a=135° a=180° a=225°
IN-PHASE PAIR 0°
OUT-OF-PHASE PAIR 0°
ANT 1 ●
a
0° a=270° a=315° a=360° a=540° a=720°
(CL)
a
ANT 2 ● IN-PHASE PAIR 0°
OUT-OF-PHASE PAIR 0°
15
ILS PRINCIPLES
ILS PATTERNS (LOCALIZER/GLIDESLOPE)
CARRIER PLUS SIDBANDS (C+SBO or CSB)
The composite CSB audio consist of summing together

equal amplitudes of positive 90Hz and 150Hz audio
signals.
SIDEBANDS
+90Hz
+ =
+150Hz
Composite CSB Audio
Localizer = 20% per tone
Glideslope = 40% per tone
16
ILS PRINCIPLES
CARRIER PLUS SIDBANDS (C+SB or CSB) Con‘t
The ILS Localizer frequency range for the carrier is 108MHz –
112MHz in steps of 50KHz and the Glideslope is 329 – 335Mhz.
There are a total of 40 paired channels within each frequency band.
Composite CSB Audio
CARRIER
Modulated CSB
The amplitude of each audio tone contained in the Localizer

composite CSB represents 20% AM modulation (40%
Emax
Glideslope). This corresponds to a total of 40% Sum of depth of Emin
Modulation (SDM) (80% Glideslope)
Emax - Emin Answer X (.54) X 100

Calculation of Percent of Modulation (per a tone) =
Emax + Emin
17
ILS PRINCIPLES
CARRIER PLUS SIDBANDS (C+SB or CSB) Con’t
A composite CSB where these peaks both When the oscilloscope is properly sync the
occur at the DC reference voltage represents fold over pattern it produces is commonly
that each tone is equal in amplitude. known as the “KISSING PATTERN”.
Localizer - 20% per tone
Glideslope - 40% per tone
18
ILS PRINCIPLES
CARRIER PLUS SIDBANDS (C+SB or CSB) Con’t
When the 150 Hz audio is greater When the 90 Hz audio is greater than
than the 90 Hz audio the kissing the 150 Hz audio the kissing pattern will
pattern will overlap. create a gap.
19
ILSILSPRINCIPLES
CSB ANTENNA DISTRIBUTION

14-Element Dual Frequency Antenna Array Spacing, Amplitude, and Phase
7L 6L 5L 4L 3L 2L 1L 1R 2R 3R 4R 5R 6R 7R
Wavelengths
at 110 MHz 4.8000 4.0500 3.3000 2.5500 1.8000 1.0500 0.3000 0.3000 1.0500 1.8000 2.5500 3.3000 4.0500 4.8000
Meters 13.082 11.038 8.994 6.950 4.906 2.862 0.818 0.818 2.862 4.906 6.950 8.994 11.038 13.082
Inches 515.0 434.6 354.1 273.6 193.1 112.7 32.2 32.2 112.7 193.1 273.6 354.1 434.6 515.0
Course CSB Amplitude (V or 0.0460

A) 0.1616 0.4270 0.6746 1.0000 0.9432 0.9432 1.0000 0.6746 0.4270 0.1616 0.0460
Course CSB Amplitude (dB) -26.75 -15.83 -7.39 -3.42 0.00 -0.51 -0.51 0.00 -3.42 -7.39 -15.83 -26.75
Course CSB Phase (degrees) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
20
ILSILSPRINCIPLES
PART OF DISTRIBUTION UNIT
21
ILS PRINCIPLES
ILS PATTERNS (LOCALIZER)
ILSILSPRINCIPLES
14/10 ANTENNA SYSTEM
23
ILS PRINCIPLES
CSB RF RADIATED PATTERN

CSB when radiated from pairs of antennas in phase and equal
amplitude per-pair, it produces a single lobe pattern where
maximum signal strength occurs on centerline of the runway.
CSB +90Hz +150Hz
CL
0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 24
ILS PRINCIPLES
SIDEBANDS ONLY (SBO)

The composite SBO audio consist of summing together equal
amplitudes of positive (+)90Hz and negative (-)150Hz audio signals.
SIDEBANDS Composite SBO Audio
+90Hz
+ =
-150Hz
By using a 60 Hz sweep on a oscilloscope you

will see what is commonly known as the five
finger pattern. This waveform is useful in
verifying audio starting phase and carrier
suppression. FIVE-FINGER PATTERN
25
ILS PRINCIPLES
SIDEBANDS ONLY (SBO) Con’t
There is a process to produce the proper SBO audio

amplitude modulated SBO signal. Composite
BI-Phase
A BI-phase signal is used to change Signal
the carrier RF phase 180° during each
finger of the SBO signal. The timing of
the BI-Phase signal is critical in
insuring no carrier in the SBO when + - + - + - + - + -
Transmitted. 0 180 0 180 0 180 0 180 0 180
RF PHASE
REVERSAL
The result is a amplitude modulated SBO signal at

100% modulation, that when radiated will produce
a Double-Sideband Suppressed Carrier.
+ - + - + - + - + -
26
ILSILSPRINCIPLES
SBO ANTENNA DISTRIBUTION

7L 6L 5L 4L 3L 2L 1L 1R 2R 3R 4R 5R 6R 7R
Wavelengths 4.8000 4.0500 3.3000 2.5500 1.8000 1.0500 0.3000 0.3000 1.0500 1.8000 2.5500 3.3000 4.0500 4.8000
at 110 MHz
Meters 13.082 11.038 8.994 6.950 4.906 2.862 0.818 0.818 2.862 4.906 6.950 8.994 11.038 13.082
Inches 515.0 434.6 354.1 273.6 193.1 112.7 32.2 32.2 112.7 193.1 273.6 354.1 434.6 515.0
Course SBO
Amplitude (V or 0.4122 0.6463 0.9213 1.0000 0.9400 0.6147 0.2329 0.2329 0.6147 0.9400 1.0000 0.9213 0.6463 0.4122
A)
Course SBO -7.70 -3.79 -0.71 0.00 -0.54 -4.23 -12.66 -12.66 -4.23 -0.54 0.00 -0.71 -3.79 -7.70
Amplitude (dB)
Course SBO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 180 180 180 180 180 180
Phase (degrees)
27
ILS PRINCIPLES
SBO RF RADIATED PATTERN

The SBO signal is radiated 180° out of phase from half the antennas
of a pair from the other half causing a null at centerline of the
runway. This is the only place where you will find no 90Hz or 150Hz
signal.
-90Hz +150 Hz
CL
+90Hz -150 Hz
0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 180° 180° 180° 180° 180° 180° 180° 28

ILS PRINCIPLES
COURSE COMPOSITE RF RADIATED PATTERN
CSB +90Hz +150Hz

SBO -90Hz +150Hz
+150Hz predominance right of centerline
CSB +90Hz +150Hz
-90Hz +150 Hz
R
CL
+90Hz -150 Hz L
CSB +90Hz +150Hz

SBO +90Hz -150Hz
+90Hz predominance left of centerline
29
ILS PRINCIPLES
COURSE AND CLEARANCE RF RADIATED PATTERN (CAPTURE EFFECT)
-90Hz +150 Hz R
CSB +90Hz CL
+150Hz
+90Hz -150 Hz
L
30
ILS PRINCIPLES
CLEARANCE CSB/SBO ANTENNA DISTRIBUTION

7L 6L 5L 4L 3L 2L 1L 1R 2R 3R 4R 5R 6R 7R
Wavelengths 4.8000 4.0500 3.3000 2.5500 1.8000 1.0500 0.3000 0.3000 1.0500 1.8000 2.5500 3.3000 4.0500 4.8000
at 110 MHz
Meters 13.082 11.038 8.994 6.950 4.906 2.862 0.818 0.818 2.862 4.906 6.950 8.994 11.038 13.082
Inches 515.0 434.6 354.1 273.6 193.1 112.7 32.2 32.2 112.7 193.1 273.6 354.1 434.6 515.0
Clearance CSB
Amplitude (V or 0.0787 0.2072 0.0941 1.0000 1.0000 0.0941 0.2072 0.0787
A)
Clearance CSB -22.08 -13.67 -20.53 0.00 0.00 -20.53 -13.67 -22.08
Amplitude (dB)
Clearance CSB 180 180 180 0 0 180 180 180
Phase (degrees)
Clearance SBO
Amplitude (V or 0.0699 0.1626 0.2890 0.5678 1.0000 1.0000 0.5678 0.2890 0.1626 0.0699
A)
Clearance SBO -23.11 -15.78 -10.78 -4.92 0.00 0.00 -4.92 -10.78 -15.78 -23.11
Amplitude (dB)
Clearance SBO 180 0 0 0 0 180 180 180 180 0
Phase (degrees)
31
ILS PRINCIPLES
COURSE AND CLEARANCE RADIATION PATTERN (CAPTURE EFFECT)
32
ILS PRINCIPLES
-90Hz +150 Hz R
CSB +90Hz +150Hz CL
+90Hz -150 Hz L
33
ILS PRINCIPLES
20/10 COURSE ANTENNA DISTRIBUTION
Table 2‑3 20-Element Dual Frequency Antenna Array Spacing, Amplitude, and Phase
10L 9L 8L 7L 6L 5L 4L 3L 2L 1L 1R 2R 3R 4R 5R 6R 7R 8R 9R 10R
Wavelengths 8.24 7.30 6.42 5.54 4.60 3.72 2.84 1.96 1.08 0.30 0.30 1.08 1.96 2.84 3.72 4.60 5.54 6.42 7.30
8.245
at 110 MHz 5 8 7 6 9 8 8 7 6 0 0 6 7 8 8 9 6 7 8
Meters 22.4 19.9 17.5 15.1 12.5 10.1 7.76 5.35 2.95 0.81 0.81 2.95 5.35 7.76 10.1 12.5 15.1 17.5 19.9 22.46
66 14 13 13 60 60 0 9 9 8 8 9 9 0 60 60 13 13 14 6
Inches 884. 784. 689. 595. 494. 400. 305. 211. 116. 116. 211. 305. 400. 494. 595. 689. 784.
32.2 32.2 884.5
5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0
Course CSB
0.02 0.08 0.16 0.26 0.43 0.57 0.75 0.90 1.00 0.79 0.79 1.00 0.90 0.75 0.57 0.43 0.26 0.16 0.08 0.029
Amplitude
97 44 05 01 35 50 50 91 00 55 55 00 91 50 50 35 01 05 44 7
(V or A)
Course CSB - - - - - - -
-
Amplitude (dB) 30.5 21.4 15.8 11.7 -7.26 -4.81 -2.44 -0.83 0.00 -1.99 -1.99 0.00 -0.83 -2.44 -4.81 -7.26 11.7 15.8 21.4
30.55
5 7 9 0 0 9 7
Course CSB Phase

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(degrees)
Course SBO
0.27 0.40 0.62 0.86 1.00 0.97 0.93 0.74 0.43 0.11 0.11 0.43 0.74 0.93 0.97 1.00 0.86 0.62 0.40 0.270
Amplitude
06 37 50 81 00 48 69 66 92 81 81 92 66 69 48 00 81 50 37 6
(V or A)
Course SBO - - -
-
Amplitude (dB) 11.3 -7.88 -4.08 -1.22 0 -0.22 -0.57 -2.54 -7.15 18.5 18.5 -7.15 -2.54 -0.57 -0.22 0 -1.22 -4.08 -7.88
11.35
5 6 6
Course SBO Phase

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180
(degrees)
34
ILS PRINCIPLES
20/10 CLEARANCE ANTENNA DISTRIBUTION
Table 2‑3 20-Element Dual Frequency Antenna Array Spacing, Amplitude, and Phase
10L 9L 8L 7L 6L 5L 4L 3L 2L 1L 1R 2R 3R 4R 5R 6R 7R 8R 9R 10R
Clearance CSB
0.078 0.207 0.150 1.000 1.000 0.150 0.207 0.078
Amplitude
8 1 5 0 0 5 1 8
(V or A)
Clearance CSB - - - - - -
0.00 0.00
Amplitude (dB) 22.07 13.68 16.45 16.45 13.68 22.07
Clearance CSB Phase

180 180 180 0 0 180 180 180
(degrees)
Clearance SBO 0.024 0.161 0.313 0.440 1.000 1.000 0.440 0.313 0.161 0.024
Amplitude (V or A) 8 8 1 2 0 0 2 1 8 8
Clearance SBO - - - - - -
-7.13 0.00 0.00 -7.13
Amplitude (dB) 32.11 15.82 10.09 10.09 15.82 32.11
Clearance SBO Phase

180 0 0 0 0 180 180 180 180 0
(degrees)
35
ILS PRINCIPLES
COURSE AND CLEARANCE RADIATION PATTERN (CAPTURE EFFECT)

AMS 20/10 Antenna System BW=4.8 deg CW=3 deg F=110MHz
0.00
-5.00
-10.00
-15.00
R elative A m plitude, dB
-20.00
-25.00
-30.00
-35.00
-40.00
-45.00
-50.00
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40
Degrees from C/L
CRS CSB CRS SBO CLR CSB CLR SBO
36
ILS PRINCIPLES
LOCALIZER SECTORS
35°
90°
SECTOR 3
SECTOR 2
R 10°
SECTOR 1
CL 0°
SECTOR 1
10°
L
SECTOR 3
SECTOR 2
90°
35°
37
ILS PRINCIPLES
ILS PATTERNS (GLIDESLOPE)
ILS PRINCIPLES
Determining Antenna Heights
The heights of the transmitting antennas above the ground
determine the elevation angle where the Glideslope on path
indication is received by an aircraft. This is termed the
"path angle". In the Capture-Effect Glideslope
configuration, the antennas are spaced equally on the
antenna mast and their heights are calculated from the
following formulas:
738
H (upper) =
CLR f (sin Ѳ)
CRS SBO
492
3H H (middle) =
CRS CSB f (sin Ѳ)
CRS SBO
246
2H H (lower) =
f (sin Ѳ)
CLR
CRS CSB
CRS SBO where: H = height of respective antenna (feet)
1H Ѳ = desired Glideslope path angle (in degrees)
f = Glideslope frequency in MHz
39
ILS PRINCIPLES
Determining Antenna Heights (con’t)
When the terrain in front of the Glideslope antenna mast is not level, the average slope of the
terrain (in approximately the first 1000 feet) must be taken into account when determining antenna
heights. If the terrain slopes upward from the antenna mast and the up-slope is not taken into
account, the resulting path angle will be higher than desired. Conversely, if the terrain slopes
down from the antenna mast, a lower path angle will result. The terrain slope is accounted for by
using the following method: for upward sloping terrain, subtract the angle of up-slope from
desired path angle before calculating antenna heights. For downward sloping terrain, add the
angle of the down slope to the desired path angle before calculating the antenna heights.
Note: The middle antenna has the most affect on the Glidepath.
Moving the middle antenna 1 foot equals 0.1° change to angle (θ).
θ - 0.1° θ - 0.1° =
+ 0.1° θ + 0.1° =
Note: To maintain antenna height ratio, if the middle antenna is moved the upper and
lower antennas must change accordingly.
40
ILS PRINCIPLES
Changing Path Angle for Flght Check

When
Note: The middle antenna has the most affect on the Glidepath.
Moving the middle antenna 1 foot equals 0.1° change to angle (θ).
3º
Note: To maintain antenna height ratio, if the middle antenna is moved the upper and
lower antennas must change accordingly.
41
ILS PRINCIPLES
CAPTURE EFFECT RF DISTRIBUTION

OUTPUT APCU ANTENNA
PHASING
Signal: E c = Primary (i.e. Course or Path Carrier) Upper Antenna: Ess(+90) = 0.15 / 0 deg.
Ecs(90) = CSB 90-Hz sidebands
Ecs(150) = CSB 150-Hz sidebands } CSB
Ess(-150) = 0.15 / 180 deg.
E clr = 0.484 / 0 deg.
UPPER ANT.
180°
Ess(90) = SBO+ 90-Hz sidebands
Ess(150) = SBO -150-Hz sidebands } SBO
Middle
Ec = 1.00 / 180 deg.
Antenna:
E clr = Clearance Carrier Ecs(+90) = 0.50 / 180 deg.
Ecs(+150) = 0.50 / 180 deg. MIDDLE ANT.
0°
Ess(-90) = 0.30 / 180 deg.
Ess(+150) = 0.30 / 0 deg.
CRS U ANT. CLR
CSB SBO
Lower Antenna: Ec = 2.00 /0 deg.
CRS M ANT. CSB
SBO APCU SBO
Ecs(-90) = 1.00 / 0 deg.
Ecs(-150) = 1.00 / 0 deg.
CLR LOWER ANT.
CLR L ANT.
CSB Ess(+90) = 0.15 / 0 deg. 180°
CSB
SBO
Ess(-150) = 0.15 / 180 deg.
E clr = 0.484 / 0 deg.
42
ILS PRINCIPLES
CAPTURE EFFECT
CSB SIGNAL
43
ILS PRINCIPLES
CAPTURE EFFECT
CSB SIGNAL
+90Hz +150Hz
PATH
44
ILS PRINCIPLES
CAPTURE EFFECT
SBO SIGNAL
45
ILS PRINCIPLES
CAPTURE EFFECT
SBO SIGNAL
PATH
+90Hz -150Hz
-90Hz +150Hz
46
ILS PRINCIPLES
CAPTURE EFFECT
CLEARANCE SIGNAL
47
ILS PRINCIPLES
CAPTURE EFFECT
CLEARANCE SIGNAL
PATH
+150Hz (Only)
48
ILS PRINCIPLES
CAPTURE EFFECT
COMPOSITE SIGNAL
49
ILS PRINCIPLES
PATH
SBO+90Hz -150 Hz CSB +90Hz +150Hz
SBO -90Hz +150 Hz

CLR +150 Hz Only
50
DETERMINING LOCALIZER TAILORED WIDTH
RTH
W
700 ft
W = 2 arc tan 350

(tan¹‫)־‬ D
Where:
D = Distance from Ant. Array to RTH
51
ILS PRINCIPLES
COURSE WIDTH - Localizer
The sum of the angular distances either side of the center of the course
required to achieve full scale (150µA) crosspointer deflection.
The purpose of the width is to determine and 155 DDM/150 Hz

Equate to the full scale deflection of the CDI. 150 µA
Course Width = 6°
3°
0 DDM
3° 0 µA
Known as
Half width point
Edge of Course Point
-155 DDM/90 Hz
150 µA
52
ILS PRINCIPLES
GLIDEPATH WIDTH - Glideslope
The sum of the angular distances either side of the center of the path required to
achieve full scale (150µA) crosspointer deflection.
-175 DDM/90 Hz
150 µA
+0.35° 0 DDM
Glidepath Width 1.4° 0 µA
-0.35°
+.7°
-.7°
175 DDM/150 Hz
3° Glidepath Angle 150 µA
53
ILS PRINCIPLES
GROUND CHECK POINTS

Clearance (35°)
.155 DDM/150Hz Course Width point (1°- 3°), Near field RF Phasing point
Nominal
1000ft (300M)
-.155 DDM/90Hz Course Width point (1°- 3°)
Clearance (35°)
54
ILS PRINCIPLES
ANTENNA FREQUENCY SELECT (MHz) 90 Hz 150 Hz

INPUT
109 110 .50 .55 +
108 111 .35 .70
.155
.130
.30 .75
.15 .90
LOC GS .10 .95
EXTERNAL
AUDIO INPUT MODEL 2137 (89-GR)
PORTABLE ILS RECEIVR
RF
PHONES (dBm)
RECEIVER %
SDM 90 Hz
OUTPUT AM
EXTERNAL DDM 150 Hz
AUDIO 0 INTERNAL
DDM TEST BATTER
NORMAL +.155 Y 1020 Hz
CHARGER (hours)
+ POWER -.155
AUDIO 12V DC INPUT
OFF
LEVEL
CSB
○ PWR
>6
6
SBO
PWR
ANTENNA 90 Hz 150 Hz
FREQUENCY SELECT (MHz)
INPUT
109 110 .50 .55 +
108 111 .35 .70
.155
.30 .75
.15 .90
LOC GS .10 .95
EXTERNAL
RF
PHONES (dBm)
RECEIVER %
SDM 90 Hz
OUTPUT AM
EXTERNAL DDM 150 Hz
AUDIO 0 INTERNAL
DDM TEST BATTER
CHARGER (hours)
+ POWER -.155
AUDIO 12V DC INPUT
OFF
LEVEL
55
ILS PRINCIPLES
INPUT
109 110 .50 .55 +
.35 .70
.155
111
.180
108
.30 .75
.15 .90
LOC GS .10 .95
EXTERNAL
MODEL 2137 (89-GR)
AUDIO INPUT
RF
PHONES (dBm)
RECEIVER %
SDM 90 Hz
OUTPUT AM
EXTERNAL DDM 150 Hz
AUDIO 0 INTERNAL
DDM TEST BATTER
NORMAL +.155 Y
(hours) 1020 Hz
CHARGER
+ POWER -.155
AUDIO 12V DC INPUT
OFF
LEVEL
CSB
PWR
○
<6
6 SBO
PWR
ANTENNA FREQUENCY SELECT (MHz) 90 Hz 150 Hz

INPUT
109 110 .50 .55 +
.35 .70
.155
108 111
.30 .75
.15 .90
LOC GS .10 .95
EXTERNAL
RF
PHONES (dBm)
RECEIVER %
SDM 90 Hz
OUTPUT AM
EXTERNAL DDM 150 Hz
AUDIO 0 INTERNAL
DDM TEST BATTER
CHARGER (hours)
+ POWER -.155
AUDIO 12V DC INPUT
OFF
LEVEL
56
ILS PRINCIPLES
Modulation Balance refers to the CSB modulated rf signal only.

When space modulated with the SBO modulated rf signal It is
determined that when both the 90Hz and 150Hz tones are equal
amplitudes, 20% per tone Localizer and 40% per ton Glideslope and
the systems are properly phased and cut in the results will equal 0.0
ddm on center line and glidepath respectfully.
For our discussion we will refer to the Localizer only since the reaction
INPUT
109 110 .50 .55 +
108 111 .35 .70
is similar when adjusting Glideslope Modulation balance .000

.30 .75
.15 .90
LOC GS .10 .95
EXTERNAL
MOD BALANCE %
RF
PHONES (dBm)
RECEIVER %
SDM 90 Hz
0 OUTPUT AM
EXTERNAL DDM 150 Hz
AUDIO 0 INTERNAL
DDM TEST BATTER
-5 5 +
CHARGER
12V DC INPUT
NORMAL
POWER
+.155
-.155
Y
(hours)
1020 Hz
AUDIO OFF
LEVEL
-10 10
-15 15
CL
57
ILS PRINCIPLES
As you make a positive (150 Hz predominance)

change to modulation balance the centerline DDM
value will also change.
MOD BALANCE DDM

INPUT
109 110 .50 .55 +
108 111 .35 .70
.011
.30 .75
.000 LOC GS
.15
.10
.90
.95
-.005 .005 EXTERNAL

AUDIO INPUT
MODEL 2137 (89-GR)
RF
PHONES (dBm)
-.010 .010 RECEIVER
OUTPUT
EXTERNAL
SDM
DDM
90 Hz
%
AM
150 Hz
AUDIO 0 INTERNAL
DDM TEST BATTER
NORMAL +.155 Y
(hours) 1020 Hz
CHARGER
-.015 .015
+ POWER -.155
AUDIO 12V DC INPUT
OFF
LEVEL
CLCL0 DDM
.011 DDM
0 ddm
58
ILS PRINCIPLES
As you make a negative (90 Hz predominance)

change to modulation balance the centerline DDM
value will also change.
.000 DDM
CL -..000
011 DDM
DDM
MOD BALANCE DDM

ANTENNA
.000 FREQUENCY SELECT (MHz) 90 Hz 150 Hz
INPUT
109 110 .50 .55 +
-.005 .005 108 111 .35 .70
-.011
.30 .75
.15 .90
LOC GS .10 .95
-.010 .010 EXTERNAL

RF
PHONES (dBm)
RECEIVER %
SDM 90 Hz
OUTPUT AM
-.015 .015 EXTERNAL

AUDIO 0 INTERNAL
DDM TEST
DDM
BATTER
150 Hz
1020 Hz
NORMAL +.155 Y
(hours)
CHARGER
+ POWER -.155
AUDIO 12V DC INPUT
OFF
LEVEL
59
MODEL 2100 ILS
PORTABLE MATENANCE DATA TERMINAL
(PMDT)
MODEL 2100 ILS
Portable Maintenance Data Terminal (PMDT)
Lesson Objectives
• Understand the purpose of the PMDT
• Understand Security Levels
• Configuring the PMDT
• Local Login Procedure
• Remote Login Procedure
• Understand Screen types and their
uses
61
MODEL 2100 ILS
PORTABLE MAINTENANCE DATA TERMINAL
(PMDT)
This subsystem is comprised of an IBM™ PC compatible portable computer and associated control and
monitoring software. The PMDT can be used in differing applications including:
A. Local control and status of Localizer and Glideslope equipment in the equipment shelter. In this application the PMDT connects
directly to the Remote Maintenance System (RMS) interface on the right side of the equipment cabinet.
B. Remote Maintenance Monitor (RMM). The same software and hardware used in the shelter for direct control of the equipment can be
used remotely to control and monitor the equipment.
The PMDT uses software that allows the operator to easily select control parameters and monitor thresholds for display and change,
and to select operation status parameters for display. The operator can control the operational state of the equipment for maintenance
purposes.
B.
A.
62
MODEL 2100 ILS
Table 3‑3 ILS Security Levels
Security Level Accessed by Permissions

System Status and Parameters At
Logging on with either: this level, the user has display-only
User ID of “GUEST”, access to all screens except for the
Level 1 without a Password, or security codes screen. The user has
a valid Level 1 User ID and the no control over the system other than
corresponding Password. to select which audio source is routed
to the built-in speaker.
Non‑Critical Functions At this level,
the user has Level 1 access plus the
Logging on with: issuance of discrete commands which
Level 2 A valid Level 2 User ID do not modify the signal in space.
and the corresponding Password For example, the user can turn the
signal on/off, but cannot modify the
course position.
Critical Functions (except
Logging on with: Passwords) ‑ The user has access to
Level 3 A valid Level 3 User ID all functions that are available in the
and the corresponding Password system, except for the Security
Screen.
Critical Functions ‑ The user has
Logging on from either Level 1, 2, or access to all functions that are
Level 3 with: available in the system, including
Level 4
The valid Level 4 User ID and the assignment of User IDs, Passwords,
corresponding Password. and Security Levels in the Security
Screen.
63
MODEL 2100 ILS
When the screen appears there are two screen

options. Select; System
Once the PMDT Software (978178-XXXX) is

loaded on your laptop or desktop computer a
PMDT icon will appear on the desktop as
shown to the right.
With the mouse select the icon and double

click the left button.
Double-click the
PMDT icon
64
MODEL 2100 ILS
For local PMDT select a Serial com port

available on PC (normally Com1)
For remote PMDT select a Serial com port

available on PC that is associated with the
modem. For RF modem (Radio Links) or fiber
optics Select; Leased-Line and the serial
comm port
65
MODEL 2100 ILS
PMDT LOG ON PROCEDURE
To log on the PMDT locally once the program has been initialized Select;
System ›› Connect ›› Navaid ›› Serial/USB, the Login box will appear.
Remote Login Select; System ›› Connect ›› Navaid ›› Modem. A pop up
box will appear to Add entries by way of Contacts. Select Add Entry and
a second pop up box will appear. Now enter the phone number
associated with that navaid and select OK. The Add Phone Number pop
up box will disappear and then select Dial. When the PMDT connects the
Login box will appear.
Regardless if you are local or remote once the Login

box appears enter User ID and Password then select
OK.
SEC3
THREE
The user log in account

information is case sensitive.
The default Level 4 user account

information is:
User Name: SEC4
Password: FOUR
The default Level 3 user account

information is:
User Name: SEC3
Password: THREE
66
MODEL 2100 ILS
S
I
D
E SEC3
THREE
B
A
R
STATUS BAR 67
MODEL 2100 ILS
This diagram shows the Printer connected to

function of different menu the PMDT Laptop
commands which manage
configuration memory.
PMDT PC System, RMS CCA System, Print Transmitter Cabinet

Configuration, RMS,
PC storage Config_Backup Non-
Save Active RAM –
device volatile
(Hard disk, These values are the
ones actually used by Backup
USB drive, System, RMS, Memory
CD ROM, the Loc. or Glideslope
Configuration, Config_Restore
etc) Load
RESET (F8) APPLY (F7)
Screen RAM –
These values are the
ones displayed on the
screen
68
MODEL 2100 ILS
The PRINT icon sends the

data on the current page to
a printer connected to this The COPY icon copies the data from
computer. this page to the Windows clipboard.
The data can then be pasted to other
programs (Word Pad, Word, Excel,
email, etc.)
69
MODEL 2100 ILS
• THE FOLLOWING SCREENS ARE ONLY A

INTRODUCTION TO EACH SCREEN TITLE.
• THROUGH THE COURSE OF THE TRAINING
YOU WILL HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO
VIEW AND OPERATE THE REMAINING
SCREENS WITHIN THE PMDT TO GET A
FULL UNDERSTANDING ON ALL OF
FEATURES AVAILABLE TO YOU.
70
MODEL 2100 ILS
DATA SCREENS ARE COMMONLY DISPLAYED

LIKE THESE EXAMPLES. THEY WILL SHOW
ACTIVE DATA THAT IS CONSTANTLY BEING
MONITORED AND UPDATED AT REGULAR
INTERVALS BASED ON THE DATA BEING
DISPLAYED.
71
MODEL 2100 ILS
THE OPERATIONAL SUMMARY LOG DISPLAYS THE TIME

THE TRANSMITTERS ARE IN EACH OF THESE STATES AS
WELL AS THE OVERALL AVAILABLITY IN PERCETAGE
BASED ON THE OVERALL ELAPSED TIME.
72
MODEL 2100 ILS
THIS IS ONE EXAMPLE OF A RMS LOG SCREEN WHICH

WORKS OFF THE PRICIPLES OF FIFO. THESE RMS LOG
SCREENS ONLY DISPLAYS THE MOST RECENT 100 ENTRIES.
73
MODEL 2100 ILS
RMS STATUS SCREENS
This DME section is only present when

interfaced with a 1118/1119 DME.
This indication will show the same

condition as the Sidebar and the front
panel of the LCU
74
MODEL 2100 ILS
Table 2‑3 Antenna Fault Voltage
Antenna Condition Voltage (VDC)
Normal 2.99 – 3.56 These are the voltage range that can
Open Cable 2.33 – 2.98 be found on each antenna based on
Feed Short 1.49 – 2.32 its condition. The voltages are sent to
Monitor Short 0.86 – 1.48 the 1A18 CI where they are further
Self-Test (CCA Diagnosis) 2.9 – 5.2 process and sent to the RMS for
Antenna Misalignment 3.2 – 4.5 display as shown below.
Antenna Misalignment Fault 0.5 – 0.9
75
MODEL 2100 ILS
BLOCK DIAGRAM
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
Lesson Objectives
• Know the Assemblies (Assy) and Circuit Card
Assemblies (CCA) that make up the 2100 ILS
System.
• Understand the overall contribution of each
Assy and CCA.
• Function of each Assy and CCA in respect to overall system
signal flow.
• Purpose of each input and output of each Assy and CCA.
• Understand detailed block description of each Assy
and CCA.
77
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
1A16 APCU
1A16 *AMPLITUDE PHASE AND CONTROL

UNIT (APCU)
*CE & SBR GLIDSLOPES ONLY 78
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
1A20 DC POWER
SUPPLY ASSY.
(PS1)
1A21 DC POWER
SUPPLY ASSY.
(PS2)
1A18
CABINET
1A17A1 INTERFACE
AC MONITOR
CCA
CCA
1A17
AC MONITOR
ASSY.
79
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
COURSE
THRULINE
WATT ELEMENTS
CRS SBO 1 watt element forward power

CRS SBO 100 milliwatt element reverse power
CRS CSB 25 watt element forward power

CRS CSB 2.5 watt element reverse power
CLEARANCE
THRULINE
WATT ELEMENTS
CLR CSB 25 watt element forward power
CLR CSB 2.5 watt element reverse power
CRS SBO 1 watt element forward power

CRS SBO 100 milliwatt element reverse power
80
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
CLR Audio& Bi-Phase
CRS Audio& Bi-Phase
CLR RF
Far Field Mon.

MONITOR CCA COURSE CLEARANCE
1A 3 Programming Data SYNTHESIZER CCA CRS RF
TRANSMITTER TRANSMITTER
(OPT. DUAL MONITOR) (From 1A3 Only) 1A2 ASSY ASSY
Alarms (1A 4) 1A22 1A23
Integral& Standby TX
Recombiner Outputs
Serial I/O Near Field Mon.

LOCAL CONTROL CSB SBO CSB SBO
Transfer Control
UNIT CCA
(LCU)
1A1A1 Test Gen.
Parallel
Signal
Comm. I/O
CRS LO
CRS CSB
Fire CLR LO TRANSFER/RECOMBINER ASSY CRS SBO

Intrusion 1A15
Shelter Temp. Parallel REMOTE MAINTENANCE (MONITOR RECOMBINER UNIT) CLR CSB TO ANTENNA
Outside Temp. Comm. I/O (1A15A1)
SYSTEM CCA CLR SBO
CRS Wattmeters CABINET (RMS) [TRANSFER CCA] DISTRIBUTION UNIT
CLR Wattmeters
INTERFACE CCA 1A8 [1A15A2]
CSB (CRS+CLR)
1A18 {STNDBY TX RECOMBINER}
CRS LO
Antenna Fault {1A15A3} SBO (CRS+CLR)
In-Line Phase Det. CLR LO NFM (Opt.)
DME 1 Serial I/O
DME 2 Serial I/O
RMM Modem Test Gen.
RCSU Signal
FFM (Opt.)
PMDT Opt. =Optional
Near Field Mon.
Serial I/O CSB SBO CSB SBO
OB Light AC Recombiner Outputs
OB Light AC
AC Alarms
MONITOR OB Light Volt/Current
SYS AC MONITOR CCA
CCA AC Volt/Current 1A13 COURSE CLEARANCE
Programming Data SYNTHESIZER CCA CRS RF TRANSMITTER TRANSMITTER
1A17A1 (OPT. DUAL MONITOR) 1A 14
(From 1A13 Only) ASSY ASSY
Far Field Mon. (1A12) 1A24 1A25
CLR RF
+5V
TX 1 POWER SUPPLY 24 VDC TX 1 BCPS CRS Audio& Bi-Phase
SYS AC PS1 +12V
1A6
1A20
-12V CLR Audio& Bi-Phase
TO
TX 1
TRANSMITTER 1
BATTERY
BACKUP ASSY
+5V
TRANSMITTER 2
TX 2 POWER SUPPLY 24 VDC TX 2 BCPS
SYS AC PS2 +12V
1A10
1A21
-12V
TRANSMITTER 1 & 2
TO
TX 2
BATTERY
BACKUP ASSY
81
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
CLR Audio& Bi-Phase
CRS Audio& Bi-Phase
CLR RF
Far Field Mon.

Alarms (1A 4) 1A22 1A23
Recombiner Outputs
LOCAL CONTROL Transfer Control CSB SBO CSB SBO

UNIT CCA
(LCU)
1A1A1 Test Gen.
Parallel
Signal
Comm. I/O
CRS LO
CRS CSB

Intrusion 1A15
Outside Temp. Comm. I/O SYSTEM CCA (1A15A1)
CRS Wattmeters CLR SBO DISTRIBUTION UNIT
CABINET (RMS) [TRANSFER CCA]
CLR Wattmeters
INTERFACE CCA [1A15A2]
1A8 CSB (CRS+CLR)
1A18 CRS LO {STNDBY TX RECOMBINER}
{1A15A3} SBO (CRS+CLR)
Antenna Fault
DME 1 Serial I/O
DME 2 Serial I/O
RMM Modem Test Gen.
RCSU Signal
FFM (Opt.)
Opt. =Optional
PMDT Near Field Mon.
OB Light AC
AC Alarms
OB Light Volt/Current
SYS AC MONITOR MONITOR CCA
CCA COURSE CLEARANCE
AC Volt/Current 1A13 Programming Data SYNTHESIZER CCA CRS RF
1A17A1 TRANSMITTER TRANSMITTER
(OPT. DUAL MONITOR) (From 1A13 Only) 1A 14
Far Field Mon. ASSY ASSY
(1A12) 1A24 1A25
CLR RF
+5V
SYS AC PS1 +12V
1A6
1A20
TO
TX 1
BATTERY
BACKUP ASSY
SYS AC
TX 2 POWER SUPPLY
PS2
24 VDC TX 2 BCPS
+5V
+12V
DUAL CAPTURE-EFFECT LOCALIZER
1A10
1A21
-12V
TO
TX 2
BATTERY
BACKUP ASSY
82
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
TO 1A18 CABINET
INTERFACE
AC MONITOR
OB Light AC
Produces scaling voltage for
115/230VAC OB light and AC Volt/current.
To 1A18 CI for A/D Conversion.
OB Light AC
AC
MONITOR OB Light Volt/Current
SYS AC
CCA AC Volt/Current
1A17A1 BCPS
1) DC-DC Converters for regulated SUPPLY VOLTAGES TO
Voltages. 2) Switches to batteries when loss 1A19 BACKPLANE TO
of commercial AC. 3) Determines and RESPECTIVE TX MODULES
RECTIFIES 115/230VAC
TO 24VDC directs battery charging levels.
+5V
SYS AC PS1 +12V
1A6
1 A20
-12V
TO
RECTIFIES 115/230VAC TX 1
TO 24VDC BATTERY
BACKUP ASSY 12V
+5V 12V
SYS AC PS2 +12V
1A10
1 A21
-12V
TO
TX 2
BATTERY
BACKUP ASSY 12V
12V
83
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
CLR Audio& Bi-Phase
CRS Audio& Bi-Phase
CLR RF
Far Field Mon.

Alarms (1A 4) 1A22 1A23
Recombiner Outputs

UNIT CCA
(LCU)
1A1A1 Test Gen.
Parallel
Signal
Comm. I/O
CRS LO
CRS CSB

Intrusion 1A15
CLR Wattmeters
1A8 CSB (CRS+CLR)
Antenna Fault
DME 1 Serial I/O
DME 2 Serial I/O
RMM Modem Test Gen.
RCSU Signal
FFM (Opt.)
Opt. =Optional
OB Light AC
AC Alarms
(1A12) 1A24 1A25
CLR RF
+5V
SYS AC PS1 +12V
1A6
1A20
TO
TX 1
BATTERY
BACKUP ASSY
SYS AC
TX 2 POWER SUPPLY
PS2
24 VDC TX 2 BCPS
+5V
+12V
1A10
1A21
-12V
TO
TX 2
BATTERY
BACKUP ASSY
84
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
ALL EXTERNAL SIGNALS CONNECTING TO
THE 2100 ILS IS ROUTED THROUGH THE
1A18 CABINET INTERFACE
PARALLAL BUSS
TO /FROM
1A8 RMS
Fire
Intrusion
Shelter Temp.
Outside Temp.
CRS Wattmeters CABINET
CLR Wattmeters INTERFACE CCA
1A 1
Antenna Fault 8
In-Line Phase Det.
PMDT (DU)
OB LITE & SYS AC
Ant. Fault Clk +/-
I/E SCALING INPUT
Reset
+24V
DME 1 Serial I/O AC MONITOR
DME 2 Serial I/O ASSY
RMM Modem 1A17
RCSU
FFM (Opt.)
PMDT
85
DU
1A19S1/Pos. 8
FFM
86
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
CLR Audio& Bi-Phase
CRS Audio& Bi-Phase
CLR RF
Far Field Mon.

Alarms (1A 4) 1A22 1A23
Recombiner Outputs

UNIT CCA
(LCU)
1A1A1 Test Gen.
Parallel
Signal
Comm. I/O
CRS LO
CRS CSB

Intrusion 1A15
CLR Wattmeters
1A8 CSB (CRS+CLR)
Antenna Fault
DME 1 Serial I/O
DME 2 Serial I/O
RMM Modem Test Gen.
RCSU Signal
FFM (Opt.)
Opt. =Optional
OB Light AC
AC Alarms
(1A12) 1A24 1A25
CLR RF
+5V
SYS AC PS1 +12V
1A6
1A20
TO
TX 1
BATTERY
BACKUP ASSY
SYS AC
TX 2 POWER SUPPLY
PS2
24 VDC TX 2 BCPS
+5V
+12V
1A10
1A21
-12V
TO
TX 2
BATTERY
BACKUP ASSY
87
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
CLR Audio & Bi-Phase
CRS Audio & Bi-Phase
CLR RF

1A3 Programming Data SYNTHESIZER CCA CRS RF
Alarms (1A4) 1A22 1A23
Integral & Standby TX

Recombiner Outputs
LOCAL CONTROL Transfer Control CSB SBO CSB

UNIT CCA
(LCU)
1A1A1 Test Gen.
Parallel
Signal
Comm. I/O AMPLITUDE
CRS CSB AND PHASE UPPER
CRS LO CONTROL UNIT
CRS SBO MIDDLE
(APCU) TO ANTENNAS
Fire CLR LO CLR CSB DRAWER LOWER
TRANSFER/RECOMBINER ASSY 1A16
Intrusion
1A15
Shelter Temp. Parallel (APCU CCA)
REMOTE MAINTENANCE (MONITOR RECOMBINER UNIT)
SYSTEM CCA (1A15A1)
CLR Wattmeters (RMS) [TRANSFER CCA]
INTERFACE CCA
1A8 [1A15A2] Upper Antenna Monitor Return
1A18 CRS LO {STNDBY TX RECOMBINER} Middle Antenna Monitor Return
Antenna Fault {1A15A3}
In-Line Phase Det. CLR LO Lower Antenna Monitor Return
DME 1 Serial I/O
DME 2 Serial I/O NFM (Opt.)
RMM Modem Test Gen.
RCSU Signal

Serial I/O CSB SBO CSB Opt. = Optional
OB LIGHT AC Integral & Standby TX
Recombiner Outputs
OB LIGHT AC
AC Alarms
MONITOR MONITOR CCA
SYS AC CCA COURSE CLEARANCE
AC Volt/Current 1A13 Programming Data CRS RF
SYNTHESIZER CCA TRANSMITTER TRANSMITTER
1A17A1
(1A12) 1A24 1A25
CLR RF
+5V
TX 1 POWER SUPPLY 24 VDC TX 1 BCPS CRS Audio & Bi-Phase
AC PS1 +12V
1A6
1A20
-12V CLR Audio & Bi-Phase
TO
TX 1
BATTERY
BACKUP ASSY
+5V
AC
TX 2 POWER SUPPLY
PS2
1A21
24 VDC TX 2 BCPS
1A10
+12V
DUAL CAPTURE-EFFECT GLIDESLOPE
-12V
TO
TX 2
BATTERY
88
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
CRS & CLR
CRS & CLR
SBO AUDIO W/BI-PHASE
CSB AUDIO W/ID
DCV
CLR Audio& Bi- Phase

CLR RF
C - 4KHz
COURSE CLEARANCE
SYNTHESIZER CCA CRS RF
1A2 ASSY ASSY
PROGRAMMING 1A22 1A23
DATA FROM 1A3
C +4KHz
MON.
CRS LO TO CLR LO TO CRS CSB CRS SBO CLR CSB CLR SBO
1A15K5 1A15K6 1A15K1 1A15K3 1A15K2 1A15K4
C +4KHz C - 4KHz
89
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
CRS CRS CLR
CSB AUDIO SBO & Bi-Phase AUDIO CSB AUDIO
DCV
CLR Audio
CLR RF
C - 4KHz
COURSE CLEARANCE
SYNTHESIZER CCA CRS RF
1A2 ASSY ASSY
PROGRAMMING 1A22 1A23
DATA FROM 1A3
C +4KHz
MON.
CRS LO TO CLR LO TO CRS CSB CRS SBO CLR CSB

1A15K5 1A15K6 1A15K1 1A15K3 1A15K2
C +4KHz C - 4KHz
90
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
1A2/1A14-SYNTHESIZER (RF)
TO Localizer/Glideslope
1A3/1A13
MON.CCA TO
1A22/24
CRS PLL
+DCV
CAPTURE EFFECT ILS NCO CODES

SCREEN FC CRSVar. SELECT CRS NCO CLR GS ONLY
SELECT CLR NCO TO
1A15A1
RF Chnl No. (MHz) FC+4kHz CODE FREQ. (MHz) FC_4kHz CODE FREQ. (MHZ)
Ref. 1A15A3
1 108.10 108.104 41 2.636683 108.096 40 2.702400
2 108.15 108.154 41 2.637902 108.146 40 2.703650
3 108.30 108.304 41 2.641561 108.296 GS41
ONLY 2.641366 TO
4 108.35 108.354
+DCV 41 2.642780 108.346 40 2.708650 1A23/25
Var.
TO
1A3/1A13
MON.CCA TO
1A15A1
CLR PLL 1A15A3
1. PROGAMMING DATA FOR SYTHESIZER COMES FROM THE MONITOR BUT ORIGHINATES FROM BACKPLANE SWITCHES.
2. CRS & CLR NCO PRODUCES A FREQ THAT WHEN MULTIPLIED BY 40/41 PRODUCES A DC VOLTAGE THAT DRIVES THE VCO.
3. CRS & CLR FREQ IS MAINTAINED BY THE PLL. WHEN A SAMPLE OF THE FREQ IS DIVIED BY 40/41 (Var.) AND THE PHASE IS
COMPARED TO NCO FREQ. PHASE (Ref.) . IF ANY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PHASES IT WILL DRIVE THE VCO VOLTAGE
EITHER UP OR DOWN TO CORRECT FOR THE DIFFERENCE.
4 BASED ON CONFIG SWITCHES THE RF FREQ WILL BYPASS THE X3 MULTPLIER (LOC) OR USE IT (GS) PRIOR TO THE OUTPUT.
5. THE OUTPTS GO TO A SPLITTER AND THEN TO THEIR RESPECTIVE PA’s, MRU, AND TRU.
6. THE DETECTED PWR IS USED INTERNALLY TO MAINTAINED RF LEVEL AND CRS & CLR LOCK DET. GOES TO MONITORS FOR
MONITORING.
91
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
W/ID
DCV
W/ID
DCV
1A2/1A14-SYNTHESIZER (AUDIO)
Localizer /Glideslope
71
92
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
CRS/CLR CSB
1A15K1/K2
+DCV
+DCV
1A22/23/24/25 POWER AMP

CSB CHANNEL
Localizer/Glideslope
72
93
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
1A22/23/24/25 POWER AMP CRS/CLR SBO
1A15K3/K4
SBO CHANNEL
Localizer/Glideslope
+DCV
73
94
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
CLR Audio& Bi-Phase
CRS Audio& Bi-Phase
CLR RF
Far Field Mon.

Alarms (1A 4) 1A22 1A23
Recombiner Outputs

UNIT CCA
(LCU)
1A1A1 Test Gen.
Parallel
Signal
Comm. I/O
CRS LO
CRS CSB

Intrusion 1A15
CLR Wattmeters
1A8 CSB (CRS+CLR)
Antenna Fault
DME 1 Serial I/O
DME 2 Serial I/O
RMM Modem Test Gen.
RCSU Signal
FFM (Opt.)
Opt. =Optional
OB Light AC
AC Alarms
(1A12) 1A24 1A25
CLR RF
+5V
SYS AC PS1 +12V
1A6
1A20
TO
TX 1
BATTERY
BACKUP ASSY
SYS AC
TX 2 POWER SUPPLY
PS2
24 VDC TX 2 BCPS
+5V
+12V
1A10
1A21
-12V
TO
TX 2
BATTERY
BACKUP ASSY
95
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
CRS CSB
INT. CRS CL INT. CRS W

INT. CLR CL INT. CLR W
STBY. CRS CL STBY. CRS W CRS SBO
STBY. CLR CL STBY. CLR W
1A22 PA 1A23 PA
1A3
{CRS
TX 1 CSB
CRS
SBO
CLR
CSB
CLR
SBO
CLR CSB
MON
K1 K3 K2 K4
INTEGRAL & STANDBY TX
THRULINE BODIES
CLR SBO
RECOMBINER OUTPUTS
CRS CSB
CRS LO K5 TRANSFER/ RECOMBINER ASSY CRS SBO

1A2
1A15
SYNTH CLR CSB
CLR LO K6 ( MONITOR RECOMBINER UNIT ) TO/FROM ANTENNA
DISTRIBUTION UNIT
(1A15A1) CLR SBO
TRANSFER [ TRANSFER CCA ]
1A1 LCU CONTROL
[1A15A2 ]
CRS LO K5 CSB
1A14 { STNDBY TX RECOMBINER }
{1A15A3 } CSB (CRS+ CLR)
SYNTH
CLR LO K6 SBO ( CRS+ CLR)
INTEGRAL & STANDBY TX NFM (Opt.)*

RECOMBINER OUTPUTS K1 K3 K2 K4 *Opt. = Optional
CRS & CLR
1A13
LEGEND
MON
TX 2 { CRS
CSB
CRS
SBO
CLR
CSB
CLR
SBO CRS FREQ
1A24 PA 1A25 PA CLR FREQ
INT. CRS CL INT. CRS W
SBO
INT. CLR CL INT. CLR W 8Khz IF
STBY. CRS CL STBY. CRS W
STBY. CLR CL STBY. CLR W
96
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
1A15
+DCV TRANSFER / RE-COMBINER
DRAWER
C + 4Khz C - 4Khz CRS CSB
CRS SBO
C + 4Khz
C - 4Khz
CLR CSB
CLR SBO
1A15A1
MON. RE-COMBINER
1A15A2
XFER RELAY
DRIVER CCA
From 2A4 RF
1A15A3
Combiner in DU STBY TX RE-COMBINER
CRS/CLR CSB
C + 4Khz
C - 4Khz CRS/CLR SBO
+DCV
97
C + 4Khz C - 4Khz
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
1A15A1
Monitor Recombiner Unit CCA.
CRS & CLR

CSB INT. CRS CL
8KHz IF
INT. CRS W
CLR RF
C - 4KHz
SBO
CRS & CLR
98
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
In Capture-Effect systems, the MRU provides a means to separate the course and
clearance signals and to convert both to an 8 KHz Intermediate Frequency (IF) which
is further filtered and detected on the monitor CCA.
It provides a means to precisely adjust the phase of the SBO signal relative to the
CSB signal so the two are in phase.
It provides a center line signal from the CSB input which is output to the monitor CCA
for measurement of RF Level, Ident modulation, SDM, and DDM.
It generates a course “width” signal by combining the SBO signal with the CSB signal
in an adjustable ratio such that the monitor reads 0.155 DDM when the system is
operating correctly.
Connection of an external antenna mounted Near Field Monitor is supported.
99
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
CLR Audio& Bi-Phase
CRS Audio& Bi-Phase
CLR RF
Far Field Mon.

Alarms (1A 4) 1A22 1A23
Recombiner Outputs

UNIT CCA
(LCU)
1A1A1 Test Gen.
Parallel
Signal
Comm. I/O
CRS LO
CRS CSB

Intrusion 1A15
CLR Wattmeters
1A8 CSB (CRS+CLR)
Antenna Fault
DME 1 Serial I/O
DME 2 Serial I/O
RMM Modem Test Gen.
RCSU Signal
FFM (Opt.)
Opt. =Optional
OB Light AC
AC Alarms
(1A12) 1A24 1A25
CLR RF
+5V
SYS AC PS1 +12V
1A6
1A20
TO
TX 1
BATTERY
BACKUP ASSY
SYS AC
TX 2 POWER SUPPLY
PS2
24 VDC TX 2 BCPS
+5V
+12V
1A10
1A21
-12V
TO
TX 2
BATTERY
BACKUP ASSY
100
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
MONITOR CCA
1A3/1A13 TO
Programming Data 1A2/1A14
(OPT. DUAL MONITORS) (From 1A3/1A13 Only) SYNTH. CCA.
POS+/NEG- ALARMS TO (1A4/1A14)

1A1A1 LCU CCA. p/o 1A15A1 1A15A3
Mon. Rcom. Stby Mon. Rcom.
8KHz IF 8KHz IF
SERIAL I/O p/o 1A15A1 INT. CRS CL STBY. CRS CL

TO/FROM 1A8 INT. CLR CL STBY. CLR CL
RMS CCA. Mon. Rcom.
1A8 RMS CCA.
8KHz IF
INT. CLR W STBY. CRS W
INT. CRS W STBY. CLR W
TEST GEN. NEAR FIELD
CERT. INPUT MON. INPUT
101
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
1A3/1A13 MONITOR CCA
From 1A8 RMS CCA to configure

Monitor and Synthesizer. RMS Test
Generator Centerline and Width input
for Monitor Certification.
Eliminates IF leaves audio only.
8Khz IF inputs from 1A15A1 Mon.Re-

Combiner & 1A15A3 Stby Re-Combiner
102
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
CLR Audio & Bi-Phase
CLR RF

1A3 Programming Data SYNTHESIZER CCA CRS RF
Alarms (1A4) 1A22 1A23
Integral & Standby TX

Recombiner Outputs
LOCAL CONTROL Transfer Control CSB SBO CSB

UNIT CCA
(LCU)
1A1A1 Test Gen.
Parallel
Signal
Comm. I/O AMPLITUDE
CRS CSB AND PHASE UPPER
CRS LO CONTROL UNIT
CRS SBO MIDDLE
(APCU) TO ANTENNAS
Fire CLR LO CLR CSB DRAWER LOWER
TRANSFER/RECOMBINER ASSY 1A16
Intrusion
1A15
Shelter Temp. Parallel (APCU CCA)
REMOTE MAINTENANCE (MONITOR RECOMBINER UNIT)
SYSTEM CCA (1A15A1)
CLR Wattmeters (RMS) [TRANSFER CCA]
INTERFACE CCA 1A8 [1A15A2] Upper Antenna Monitor Return
1A18 CRS LO {STNDBY TX RECOMBINER} Middle Antenna Monitor Return
Antenna Fault {1A15A3}
In-Line Phase Det. CLR LO Lower Antenna Monitor Return
DME 1 Serial I/O
DME 2 Serial I/O NFM (Opt.)
RMM Modem Test Gen.
RCSU Signal

Serial I/O CSB SBO CSB Opt. = Optional
OB LIGHT AC Integral & Standby TX
Recombiner Outputs
OB LIGHT AC
AC Alarms
MONITOR MONITOR CCA
SYS AC CCA COURSE CLEARANCE
(1A12) 1A24 1A25
CLR RF
+5V
TX 1 POWER SUPPLY 24 VDC TX 1 BCPS CRS Audio & Bi-Phase
AC PS1 +12V
1A6
1A20
-12V CLR Audio & Bi-Phase
TO
TX 1
BATTERY
BACKUP ASSY
+5V
AC PS2 +12V
1A10
1A21
-12V
TO
TX 2
BATTERY
DUAL CAPTURE-EFFECT GLIDESLOPE
103
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
1A3
1A22 PA 1A23 PA
MON
TX 1 {CSB
CRS CRS
SBO
CLR
CSB
INTEGRAL & STANDBY TX

RECOMBINER OUTPUTS K1 K3 K2
AMPLITUDE
CRS CSB AND PHASE UPPER ANT.
1A2 CRS LO K4 CONTROL UNIT
SYNTH CCA TRANSFER / RECOMBINER ASSY CRS SBO (APCU) MIDDLE ANT.
CLR LO K5 1A15 DRAWER
CLR CSB LOWER ANT.
( MONITOR RECOMBINER UNIT ) 1A16
TRANSFER (1A15A1) (APCU CCA)
CONTROL [ TRANSFER CCA ] (1A16A1)
[1A15A2 ]
CRS LO K4 { STNDBY TX RECOMBINER }
1A14 {1A15A3 } Upper Antenna Monitor Return
SYNTH CCA Middle Antenna Monitor Return
CLR LO K5
Lower Antenna Monitor Return
INTEGRAL & STANDBY TX K1 K3 K2 NFM (Opt.)
RECOMBINER OUTPUTS
TX 2 {CRS
CSB
CRS
SBO
CLR
CSB Opt. = Optional
1A13 1A24 PA 1A25 PA
MON
104
ILS PRINCIPLES
CAPTURE EFFECT RF DISTRIBUTION

OUTPUT APCU ANTENNA
PHASING
Signal: E c = Primary (i.e. Course or Path Carrier) Upper Antenna: Ess(+90) = 0.15 / 0 deg.
Ecs(90) = CSB 90-Hz sidebands Ess(-150) = 0.15 / 180 deg.
CSB UPPER ANT.
Ecs(150) = CSB 150-Hz sidebands E clr 180°
= 0.484 / 0 deg.
Ess(90) = SBO+ 90-Hz sidebands
SBO
Ess(150) = SBO -150-Hz sidebands Middle = 1.00 / 180 deg.
Ec
Antenna:
E clr = Clearance Carrier Ecs(+90) = 0.50 / 180 deg.
Ecs(+150) = 0.50 / 180 deg. MIDDLE ANT.
0°
Ess(-90) = 0.30 / 180 deg.
Ess(+150) = 0.30 / 0 deg.
CRS U ANT. CLR
CSB SBO
Lower Antenna: Ec = 2.00 /0 deg.
CRS M ANT. CSB
SBO APCU SBO
Ecs(-90) = 1.00 / 0 deg.
Ecs(-150) = 1.00 / 0 deg.
CLR LOWER ANT.
CLR L ANT.
CSB Ess(+90) = 0.15 / 0 deg. 180°
CSB
SBO
Ess(-150) = 0.15 / 180 deg.
E clr = 0.484 / 0 deg.
105
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
CLR Audio& Bi-Phase
CRS Audio& Bi-Phase
CLR RF
Far Field Mon.

Alarms (1A 4) 1A22 1A23
Recombiner Outputs

UNIT CCA
(LCU)
1A1A1 Test Gen.
Parallel
Signal
Comm. I/O
CRS LO
CRS CSB

Intrusion 1A15
CLR Wattmeters
1A8 CSB (CRS+CLR)
Antenna Fault
DME 1 Serial I/O
DME 2 Serial I/O
RMM Modem Test Gen.
RCSU Signal
FFM (Opt.)
Opt. =Optional
OB Light AC
AC Alarms
(1A12) 1A24 1A25
CLR RF
+5V
SYS AC PS1 +12V
1A6
1A20
TO
TX 1
BATTERY
BACKUP ASSY
SYS AC
TX 2 POWER SUPPLY
PS2
24 VDC TX 2 BCPS
+5V
+12V
1A10
1A21
-12V
TO
TX 2
BATTERY
BACKUP ASSY
106
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
1A3 MON
}
SERIAL I/O
TO 1A1 LCU
PARALLAL I/O Test Gen.
Signal
THE LCU PARALLAL I/O RECEIVES
CONFIGURATION DATA AND
SENDS CONTROL AND STATUS TEST GENERATOR SIGNAL GOES TO
DATA. BOTH THE 1A3 AND 1A13 MONITOR CCA..
REMOTE MAINTENANCE THIS SIGNAL CERTIFIES THAT THE

PARALLAL I/O
TO 1A18 CI SYSTEM CCA MONITOR RECOGNIZES THE UPPER AND
(RMS) LOWER LIMITS OF ALL OF OUR MONITOR
PARAMETERS PROPERLY.
REMOTE MAINTENANCE SYSTEM 1A8
THE RMS GATHERS DATA AND
THIS IS DONE CONTINUOUSLY AT ALL
CONTROLS VARIOUS FUNCTIONS
TIMES AND UPDATES APROXIMATELY
OF THE ILS STATION. IN ORDER TO
EVERY 20 SECONDS
ACCOMPLISH THIS, THE RMS
COMMUNICATES WITH MONITORS Test Gen.
THROUGH SERIAL INTERFACE. IT Signal
ALSO COMMUNICATES WITH THE SERIAL I/O
CABINET INTERFACE CCA (CI)
THROUGH A PARALLEL INTERFACE
IN ORDER TO GATHER ANALOG AND
STATUS DATA DIRECTLY FROM CAPTURE
THE EFFECT LOCALIZER
}
VARIOUS SENSORS. MANUAL PAGE 3-39 CAPTURE

CAPTURE EFFECT
EFFECT LOCALIZER
LOCALIZER
1A13 MON MANUAL
MANUAL PAGEPAGE
3-13 3-14
107
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
1A8 RMS CCA
108
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
CLR Audio& Bi-Phase
CRS Audio& Bi-Phase
CLR RF
Far Field Mon.

Alarms (1A 4) 1A22 1A23
Recombiner Outputs

UNIT CCA
(LCU)
1A1A1 Test Gen.
Parallel
Signal
Comm. I/O
CRS LO
CRS CSB

Intrusion 1A15
CLR Wattmeters
1A8 CSB (CRS+CLR)
Antenna Fault
DME 1 Serial I/O
DME 2 Serial I/O
RMM Modem Test Gen.
RCSU Signal
FFM (Opt.)
Opt. =Optional
OB Light AC
AC Alarms
(1A12) 1A24 1A25
CLR RF
+5V
SYS AC PS1 +12V
1A6
1A20
TO
TX 1
BATTERY
BACKUP ASSY
SYS AC
TX 2 POWER SUPPLY
PS2
24 VDC TX 2 BCPS
+5V
+12V
1A10
1A21
-12V
TO
TX 2
BATTERY
BACKUP ASSY
109
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
1A3 MON.
24V VCO CONTROL TO 1A2

AND 1A14 SYNTH. CCA
LOCAL CONTROL
POSITIVE & NEGATIVE TRANSFER LOGIC TO
UNIT CCA
ALARMS INPUT FROM 1A15A2 RELAY DRIVER
MONITORS (LCU) CCA
1A1A1
Parallel
Comm. I/O
1A13 MON.
CONFIGURATION AND CONTROL
DATA TO/FROM 1A8 RMS CCA
110
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
1A1 LOCAL CONTROL UNIT (LCU) CCA
The LCU is the actual controller of the ILS.

The operator may provide
commands via the front
panel switches, or from the PMDT The LCU processes the commands
via the RMS. and executes transfer or shutdown
according to the rules.
111
MODEL 2100
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ILS
1A1 LOCAL CONTROL UNIT (LCU) CCA
Each monitor provides an alarm.

Each alarm arrives with both normal Each alarm is processed
and inverted logic for redundancy. independently by a separate EPLD
state machine for redundancy.
112

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MODEL 2100

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

• Name and locate each major assembly of the

HOW DO I GET FROM HERE TO THERE?

LOCALIZER – Gives Aircraft extended centerline of

GLIDESLOPE – Gives Aircraft extended glidepath out to

COURSE DEVIATION INDICATOR This is one of many types of Course

This is called a needle and gives the pilot

This needle gives the pilot the vertical

As the aircraft moves right of centerline

When the aircraft in on centerline the vertical

As the aircraft moves left of centerline

As the aircraft moves below the

When the aircraft is on the proper

As the aircraft moves above the

LOG PERIODIC DIAPOLE (LPD) ANTENNAS

14/10 Antenna System

HORIZONTAL RADIATION PATTERNS OF ANTENNA PAIRS WITH VARIOUS SPACINGS

a=45° a=90° a=135° a=180° a=225°

ANT 2 ● IN-PHASE PAIR 0°

CARRIER PLUS SIDBANDS (C+SBO or CSB)

The composite CSB audio consist of summing together

Localizer = 20% per tone

Glideslope = 40% per tone

The amplitude of each audio tone contained in the Localizer

Emax - Emin Answer X (.54) X 100

Localizer - 20% per tone

Glideslope - 40% per tone

CSB ANTENNA DISTRIBUTION

Course CSB Amplitude (V or 0.0460

Course CSB Phase (degrees) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

PART OF DISTRIBUTION UNIT

14/10 ANTENNA SYSTEM

CSB RF RADIATED PATTERN

SIDEBANDS ONLY (SBO)

SIDEBANDS Composite SBO Audio

By using a 60 Hz sweep on a oscilloscope you

SIDEBANDS ONLY (SBO) Con’t

There is a process to produce the proper SBO audio

The result is a amplitude modulated SBO signal at

SBO ANTENNA DISTRIBUTION

14-Element Dual Frequency Antenna Array Spacing, Amplitude, and Phase

SBO RF RADIATED PATTERN

0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 180° 180° 180° 180° 180° 180° 180° 28

COURSE COMPOSITE RF RADIATED PATTERN

CSB +90Hz +150Hz

CSB +90Hz +150Hz

CSB +90Hz +150Hz

COURSE AND CLEARANCE RF RADIATED PATTERN (CAPTURE EFFECT)

CLEARANCE CSB/SBO ANTENNA DISTRIBUTION

COURSE AND CLEARANCE RADIATION PATTERN (CAPTURE EFFECT)

20/10 COURSE ANTENNA DISTRIBUTION

Course CSB Phase

Course SBO Phase

20/10 CLEARANCE ANTENNA DISTRIBUTION

Clearance CSB Phase

Clearance SBO Phase

COURSE AND CLEARANCE RADIATION PATTERN (CAPTURE EFFECT)

CRS CSB CRS SBO CLR CSB CLR SBO