SHN Learning Resource - PPT - Clean and Safe Water

What is water?
• is essential to life and good health. Everyone

needs water to drink and to bathe. Many people
spend a lot of time collecting water from a pond,
a stream, or a river. They may have only small
quantities of water at their homes because it
takes a long time to collect and is difficult to
carry over long distances. When water at the
home is scarce, families have to make hard
decisions on how to prioritize water needs:
Drinking, cooking, washing hands, bathing,
cleaning the house, washing clothes, and many
others.
What is water?
• Water is essential to life and good health. Everyone
needs water to drink and to bathe. In some rural areas,
people spend a lot of time collecting water from a
spring, pond, stream or a river. They may have only
small quantities of water at their homes because it takes
a long time to collect and is difficult to carry over long
distances. When water at the home is scarce, families
have to make hard decisions on how to prioritize water
needs: Drinking, cooking, washing hands, bathing,
cleaning the house, washing clothes, and many
others.
What is water?
• Water from an unsafe source or possibly contaminated can also spread disease. Even
where there is enough water, if it is not safe water, it can make people sick.
• There are many diseases that we can get from consuming unsafe water or getting in
contact with contaminated water such as diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, and
schistosomiasis (bilharzia). Skin diseases can also occur when people do not have
enough water to wash themselves regularly.
• Germs that cause diseases may get into water at the source, when it is carried home or
in school, or when it is stored in dirty containers, and used.
Do’s and Don’ts to prevent
germs from getting into water
At the source, when water is carried home, and when is water stored at home.
Water that comes from a protected source – a well, a tap, or an enclosed spring – is often
both clean and safe, as long as the source is well-maintained. Water that comes from a
pond, stream, lake, or river may look clean but it is not necessarily safe. The water may
have germs in it even if it looks clean.
1. At the source
• Do keep the safest water source for drinking when
there is more than one source available.
• Do use protected water sources for drinking when
they are available.
• Don’t let people bathe, urinate, or defecate in or near
water sources.
• Don’t let people wash clothes or throw garbage in the
water upstream from where water is collected for
drinking.
• Don’t let animals use or enter the same source of
water that is used.
2. During transport or carrying
• Do clean the inside and the outside of the
container every time you fill it.
• Do cover the container after collecting water
and while bringing the water home.
• Don’t use a dirty container to collect water.
• Don’t allow dust or dirt to fall into the water
container once it’s filled.
• Don’t touch the water.
3. When water is
stored at home
• Do use a clean container for storing water.
• Do cover the storage container with a lid, and always replace
the lid after using the water.
• Do use a narrow-mouthed container to prevent dipping cups or
hands into the water.
• Don’t leave the water storage container uncovered.
3. When water is
stored at home
• Do pour water from the storage container or choose a container
with tap.
• Don’t let flies, dust, dirt, or other objects fall in the water.
• Don’t dip anything – hands, cups, ladles or cloths – in the
storage container.
• Don’t put leftover water back into the storage container.
• Don’t touch water for drinking.
Ways to Make Water
Safe for Use
1. Boiling. Boil drinking water to destroy all
the germs inside the water. Upon reaching
boiling point, extend boiling for two minutes.
Ways to Make Water
Safe for Use
2. Water Disinfection and Treatment (Chemical
Disinfection). A small amount of chlorine can
be used to purify water. Prepare stock solution
of 60-70% available chlorine by dissolving
thoroughly. Chlorine is an inexpensive and
effective way of making water safe.
Other chemical disinfection method:
•Hyposol
•Aquatabs
Remember!
• There may be other locally relevant ways in which people
in your communities clean and purify water. It is
important to use locally sustainable methods, provided
that they are safe and advised by health workers. Even if
your water comes from a protected source, it is good
practice to treat your water by boiling it, heating it in the
sun, filtering, or adding chlorine to it – just to be sure!
• Everyone should drink safe water all the time. It is
essential that young children especially under five years
old are given only safe drinking water.

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What is water?

• is essential to life and good health. Everyone

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