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    Kinetic Molecular Theory

    Uploaded by

    Mariane Hinaniban
    The document discusses the kinetic molecular theory and its assumptions to explain the relationships between volume, pressure, and temperature of gases. Specifically, it states that the kinetic molecular theory can be used to investigate how (1) volume and pressure at constant temperature, (2) volume and temperature at constant pressure, and (3) these relationships can be explained by the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory, which include that gas molecules are in constant random motion and collisions are elastic.

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    Kinetic Molecular Theory

    Uploaded by

    Mariane Hinaniban
    58 views19 pages
    The document discusses the kinetic molecular theory and its assumptions to explain the relationships between volume, pressure, and temperature of gases. Specifically, it states that the kinetic molecular theory can be used to investigate how (1) volume and pressure at constant temperature, (2) volume and temperature at constant pressure, and (3) these relationships can be explained by the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory, which include that gas molecules are in constant random motion and collisions are elastic.

    Original Description:

    Class notes

    Original Title

    KINETIC-MOLECULAR-THEORY

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    The document discusses the kinetic molecular theory and its assumptions to explain the relationships between volume, pressure, and temperature of gases. Specifically, it states that the kinetic molecular theory can be used to investigate how (1) volume and pressure at constant temperature, (2) volume and temperature at constant pressure, and (3) these relationships can be explained by the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory, which include that gas molecules are in constant random motion and collisions are elastic.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    58 views19 pages

    Kinetic Molecular Theory

    Uploaded by

    Mariane Hinaniban
    The document discusses the kinetic molecular theory and its assumptions to explain the relationships between volume, pressure, and temperature of gases. Specifically, it states that the kinetic molecular theory can be used to investigate how (1) volume and pressure at constant temperature, (2) volume and temperature at constant pressure, and (3) these relationships can be explained by the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory, which include that gas molecules are in constant random motion and collisions are elastic.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    MELCS:

    Investigate the relationship


    between:
    1. volume and pressure at a constant
    temperature of a gas;
    2. volume and temperature at a
    constant pressure of gas; and
    3. explain these relationships using the
    kinetic molecular theory.
    The Kinetic Molecular Theory

    The kinetic molecular


    theory (KMT) is a model
    used to describe the
    behavior of gases.
    Assumptions of the Kinetic
    Molecular Theory of Gases
    1. Gases are composed of molecules that
    move in constant random motion.
    a. Gas molecules are not visible to the
    human eye but the effects of their
    movements can be detected.
    b. For example, the dust particles move
    randomly in a beam of light.
    Assumptions of the Kinetic
    Molecular Theory of Gases
    2. The molecules have no definite
    volume, but they have a definite mass.
    a. Gas molecules are very small and
    very far apart from one another. This
    causes them to take the shape of their
    container.
    Assumptions of the Kinetic
    Molecular Theory of Gases
    3. Each molecule moves in a straight line until
    it collides with another molecule or the
    walls of the container.
    a. This, again can be detected by observing
    dust particles moving in a beam of light.
    b. The movement is referred to as
    Brownian motion.
    Assumptions of the Kinetic
    Molecular Theory of Gases
    4. The collision between the molecules is
    completely elastic.
    a. Elastic collision means no kinetic energy is
    lost when the molecules collide.
    b. For example, when a gas molecule with an
    initial kinetic energy collides with another
    gas molecule, all of the kinetic energy will
    be transferred.
    Assumptions of the Kinetic
    Molecular Theory of Gases
    5. There is no attractive force among the molecules
    or between the molecules and the wall of the
    container.
    a. The molecules of gases have minimal to
    negligible intermolecular forces of attraction.
    b. This can be seen by the fact that gases expand
    to achieve the shape of the container or
    compressed to smaller volumes.
    Assumptions of the Kinetic
    Molecular Theory of Gases
    6. The average kinetic energy of the gas
    molecules depends only on the
    temperature of the gas.
    a. The higher the temperature, the
    more energy is acquired by the gas
    molecules allowing them to move
    faster.
    Kinetic Molecular Theory
     Molecules move in a constant random,
    and straight-line motion

     No force of attraction (except during


    collision)

     Large spaces between molecules

     Elastic collision

     Constant kinetic energy at (constant


    temperature)
    Characteristics of Gases
     All the noble gases (group 18) are monatomic
    gases, whereas the other gaseous elements are
    diatomic molecules. Example of these gases are
    oxygen (O2), iodine (I2), chlorine (Cl2), nitrogen
    (N2), and hydrogen (H2).
     The volume or space occupied by the molecules
    themselves is negligible as compared to the total
    volume of the container so that the volume of the
    container can be taken as the volume of the gas.
    Characteristics of Gases
     Gases are easily compressed when pressure is
    applied.
     Gases expand when heated and contract when
    cooled.
     Gases exert pressure in all directions on the walls of
    their container.
     Gases have lower densities than solids and liquids.
     The attractive forces between molecules
    (intermolecular) are negligible.
     Gases mix evenly and completely when contained
    in the same vessel.
    Characteristics of Gases
     Gases expand to fill any container.
    • random motion, no attraction
     Gases are fluids (like liquids).
    • no attraction
     Gases have very low densities.
    • no volume = lots of empty space
    Characteristics of Gases
     Gases can be compressed.
    • no volume = lots of empty space
     Gases undergo diffusion & effusion.
    • random motion

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