This document discusses a complete blood count (CBC) test, which evaluates the cellular components of blood. A CBC provides information on red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and other cell counts and indices. It can help identify infections, bleeding disorders, anemias, and monitor treatments. The document describes how each component is measured and interpreted, and what conditions certain abnormal results may indicate.
This document discusses a complete blood count (CBC) test, which evaluates the cellular components of blood. A CBC provides information on red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and other cell counts and indices. It can help identify infections, bleeding disorders, anemias, and monitor treatments. The document describes how each component is measured and interpreted, and what conditions certain abnormal results may indicate.
This document discusses a complete blood count (CBC) test, which evaluates the cellular components of blood. A CBC provides information on red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and other cell counts and indices. It can help identify infections, bleeding disorders, anemias, and monitor treatments. The document describes how each component is measured and interpreted, and what conditions certain abnormal results may indicate.
This document discusses a complete blood count (CBC) test, which evaluates the cellular components of blood. A CBC provides information on red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and other cell counts and indices. It can help identify infections, bleeding disorders, anemias, and monitor treatments. The document describes how each component is measured and interpreted, and what conditions certain abnormal results may indicate.
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Complete blood count
Reticulocytes ESR CRP
ENGY YOUSRY ASHOR
PROFESSOR OF INTERNAL MEDECINE • we are treating patients and not investigations • CBC is a series of tests used to evaluate the composition and conc of the cellular component of blood Complete blood count (CBC)
CBC
WBCs RBCs RBC MCV MCH Platelets
MCHC HB HCT
granulocytes agranulocytes PNL MONOCYTE ESINOPHIL LYMPHOCYTE BASOPHIL indication • Preoperative test to assess adequate oxygen carrying capacity and homeostasis
• identify person who have infection, fever
• identify person who have bleeding tendency
• identify and monitor treatment of anaemia
• determine effect of chemotherapy and radiation
Complete blood count • The patient doesn’t need to be fasting • Can be collected at any time of the day • The sample is withdrawn to a tube with EDTA to avoid coagulation • blood drawn from vein • clean puncture site with antiseptic • elastic band around upper arm to apply pressure • needle inserted into the vein • blood is collected in tube with EDETA • elastic band removed • needle removed • cover the puncture site White Blood Cells (WBCs) • WBCs normal range in CBC is :4000- 11000/ cc
50-70% 1-5% Up to1% 20-40% 1-6% In case of inflammation or infection, some immature cells appear in the peripheral blood ( non segmented neutrophils >5%) and is referred to by: shift to the left YET IF BLASTS ARE PRESENTS THEN IT IS NEVER EASY GOING Haemoglobin • It reflects the oxygen carrying capacity of red blood cells • Decreased haemoglobin= Anaemia • Increased haemoglobin = polycythemia ( primary or secondary) Hematocrits (PCV, HCT) It is the percent of the blood volume that is made by red blood cells Red Blood Cells (RBCs) RBCs count Male: 4.2-5.8m/ul Female: 3.8-5.2m/ul
normally it is ranging between 10-15% In case RDW is elevated , this is called ANISOCYTOSIS, which means big variation in RBCs morphology Distinguishes hereditary RBC defect from acquired Platelets (thrombocytes) Normal platelet count=150,000-400,000/mm3 • Decreased plts= thrombocytopnea Causes of thrombocytopnea include: Splenomegaly Bone marrow suppresion Some drugs Immune mediated
• Increased plts= thrombocytosis
Causes of thrombocytosis include: Anemias Splenectomy inflammation Reticulocytes • Immature RBCs • Indicate marrow activity • ~0.5-2.5% of all RBCs Increased retics= polychromasia ( usually as a response from active bone marrow to RBCs loss) Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate is the rate at which RBCS sediment in a peroid of 1 hour
Measures the rate at which red blood cells in anticoagulated
whole blood descend in a standardized tube over a period of one hour.
ESR begins to rise at 24 to 48 hours after the onset of acute
inflammation, decreases slowly as inflammation resolves, and can take weeks to months to return to normal levels.
ESR values more than 100 mm/hour, there is a 90%
probability that an underlying cause would be found upon investigation ESR • The ESR is affected by the balance between pro-sedimentation factors, mainly fibrinogen, and those factors resisting sedimentation, namely the negative charge of the erythrocytes • When an inflammatory process is present, the high proportion of fibrinogen in the blood causes red blood cells to stick to each other. The red cells form stacks called rouleaux which settle faster, due to their increased density. Normal ranges: Westergren's original normal values: men 3 mm/h women 7 mm/h ESR • The ESR is increased The ESR is decreased in: in: polycythemia inflammation hyperviscosity pregnancy sickle cell anemia Anemia leukemia autoimmune disorders low plasma protein (due to infections liver or kidney disease) some kidney diseases congestive heart failure. some cancers (such as lymphoma and multiple myeloma • MODERATE ELEVATION ESR • infection • inflammation • aneamia • pregnancy
• VERY HIGH ESR
• multiple myleoma • Autoimmune disease • malignany • clinical application of ESR • non specific indicator of presence of a disease • prognostic not diagnostic • must be used along with other clinic findings C Reactive Protein • An acute phase reactant produced in the liver in response to inflammation or infection (mostly bacterial).
• CRP is a more sensitive and accurate
reflection of the acute phase response than the ESR.
