The Set of Real Numbers and Their Properties

REAL NUMBERS
and Their
Properties
STANDARD:
Apply algebraic order of operations and the
commutative, associative, and distributive
properties to evaluate expressions: and justify
each step in the process.
Student Objective:
• Students will apply order of operations to
solve problems with rational numbers and apply
their properties, by performing the correct
operations, using math facts skills, writing
reflective summaries, and scoring 80%
proficiency
Set
Set Notation
Natural
numbers
Whole
Numbers
Vocabulary
Integers
Rational
Number
Irrational
Number
Real Numbers All numbers associated with
the number line.
Set A collection of objects.
Set Notation { }
Natural Counting numbers {1,2,3, …}
numbers
Whole Natural numbers and 0.
Numbers {0,1,2,3, …}
Vocabulary
Integers Positive and negative natural

numbers and zero {… -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …}
Rational A real number that can be expressed
Number as a ratio of integers (fraction)
Irrational Any real number that is not rational.
Number  2 , 
Real Numbers All numbers associated with
the number line.
Two Kinds of Real Numbers
• Rational Numbers
• Irrational Numbers
Rational Numbers
• A rational number is EXAMPLES OF
a real number that RATIONAL NUMBERS
can be written as a 16
ratio of two 1/2
integers. 3.56
• A rational number -8
written in decimal 1.3333…
form is terminating -3/4
or repeating.
Irrational Numbers
• An irrational • Square roots of
number is a
number that non-perfect
cannot be written “squares”
as a ratio of two
integers. 17
• Irrational numbers
written as decimals
are non- • Pi- īī
terminating and
non-repeating.
Venn Diagram: Naturals, Wholes, Integers, Rationals
Real Numbers
Rationals
6.7 0.8
Integers
5 11 5 3
 Wholes 2
9 0 7
Naturals
1, 2, 3...
Venn Diagram: Naturals, Wholes, Integers, Rational
Real Numbers
Rationals
6.7 0.8
Integers
5 11 5
 Wholes
9 0 23
Naturals 7
1, 2, 3...
Real Numbers
Rational numbers Irrational numbers
Integers
Whole
numbers
Rational Numbers
Natural Numbers - Natural counting numbers.
1, 2, 3, 4 …
Whole Numbers - Natural counting numbers and zero.

0, 1, 2, 3 …
Integers - Whole numbers and their opposites.

… -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 …
Rational Numbers - Integers, fractions, and decimals.

Ex: -0.76, -6/13, 0.08, 2/3
Venn Diagram: Naturals, Wholes, Integers, Rational
Real Numbers
Rationals
6.7 0.8
Integers
5 11 5 3
 Wholes 2
9 0 7
Naturals
1, 2, 3...
Reminder
• Real numbers are • IRRATIONAL
all the positive, NUMBERS are
negative, fraction, usually decimals
and decimal that do not
numbers you terminate or repeat.
have heard of. They go on forever.
• They are also • Examples: π
called Rational
Numbers. 2
3
Properties
A property is something that is true for all

situations.
Four Properties
1. Distributive
2. Commutative
3. Associative
4. Identity properties of one and
zero
Algebra terms
commute
when they trade places
xy
yx
This is a statement of the
commutative property
for addition:
xy  yx
It also works for
multiplication:
xy  yx
Distributive Property
A(B + C) = AB + AC
4(3 + 5) = 4x3 + 4x5

Commutative Property
of addition and multiplication
Order doesn’t matter
AxB=BxA
A+B=B+A
This is a statement of
the Associative Property:
( x  y)  z  x  ( y  z )
The variables do not change
their order.
The Associative Property
also works for
multiplication:
( xy) z  x( yz )
Associative Property of
multiplication and Addition
Associative Property  (a · b) · c = a · (b · c)
Example: (6 · 4) · 3 = 6 · (4 · 3)
Associative Property  (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
Example: (6 + 4) + 3 = 6 + (4 + 3)
The distributive property only
has one form.
Not one for
addition . . .and one for
multiplication
. .because both operations are
used in one property.
This is an example
of the distributive
property.
4(2x+3)=8x+12
2x +3
8x 12
4
Here is the distributive
property using variables:
x ( y  z )  xy  xz
y +z
x xy xz
The
identity
property
makes
me
think
about
my
identity.
The identity property for
addition asks,
“What can I add to myself
to get myself back again?
x0
_x
x0
_x
The above is the identity property
for addition.
0is the identity element

for addition.
The identity property for
multiplication
asks,
“What can I multiply to myself
to get myself back again?
1 x
x (_)
1 x
x (_)
The above is the identity property
for multiplication.
1 is the identity element

for multiplication.
Identity Properties
If you add 0 to any number, the number stays

the same.
A + 0 = A or 5 + 0 = 5
If you multiply any number times 1, the

number stays the same.
Ax1=A or 5 x 1 = 5
Example 1: Identifying Properties of Addition
and Multiplication
Name the property that is illustrated in each
equation.
A. (–4)  9 = 9  (–4)
(–4)  9 = (–4)  9 The order of the numbers changed.

Commutative Property of Multiplication
The addends are grouped
B. differently.
Associative Property of Addition

Solving Equations;
5 Properties of Equality
Reflexive For any real number a, a=a
Symmetric For all real numbers a and b,

Property if a=b, then b=a
Transitive For all reals, a, b, and c,

Property if a=b and b=c, then a=c
Example 2: Using the Commutative and
Associate Properties
Simplify each expression. Justify each step.
29 + 37 + 1
29 + 37 + 1 = 29 + 1 + 37 Commutative Property
of Addition
Associative Property of
= (29 + 1) + 37
Addition
= 30 + 37 Add.
= 67
Essential Questions:
• How do you know if a number is a
rational number?
• What are the properties used to

evaluate rational numbers? Give an
example on each property.
Which Property?
1) 3x 4 = 4 3x
2) 6y + (7 + 3z) = (6y +7) +3z
3) (5x + 7) + 8y = 5x + (7 + 8y)
4) (3x)(2x + 5) = (2x + 5)(3x)
5) 10x + 4y = 4y + 10x
6) (2x 5)(10y) = (2x)(5 10y)

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REAL NUMBERS

Integers Positive and negative natural

Rational numbers Irrational numbers

Whole Numbers - Natural counting numbers and zero.

Integers - Whole numbers and their opposites.

Rational Numbers - Integers, fractions, and decimals.

A property is something that is true for all

4(3 + 5) = 4x3 + 4x5

0is the identity element

1 is the identity element

If you add 0 to any number, the number stays

If you multiply any number times 1, the

(–4)  9 = (–4)  9 The order of the numbers changed.

Associative Property of Addition

Reflexive For any real number a, a=a

Symmetric For all real numbers a and b,

Transitive For all reals, a, b, and c,

• What are the properties used to

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