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    Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

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    Gretz Anticamara
    The document discusses the central dogma of molecular biology, which consists of three processes: 1) Replication, whereby DNA copies itself; 2) Transcription, the synthesis of RNA from DNA; and 3) Translation, the synthesis of proteins from RNA. It explains that replication faithfully copies DNA to pass genetic information from parent to daughter cells between generations, while transcription and translation are required to express that genetic information through the production of proteins.

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    Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

    Uploaded by

    Gretz Anticamara
    29 views34 pages
    The document discusses the central dogma of molecular biology, which consists of three processes: 1) Replication, whereby DNA copies itself; 2) Transcription, the synthesis of RNA from DNA; and 3) Translation, the synthesis of proteins from RNA. It explains that replication faithfully copies DNA to pass genetic information from parent to daughter cells between generations, while transcription and translation are required to express that genetic information through the production of proteins.

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    The document discusses the central dogma of molecular biology, which consists of three processes: 1) Replication, whereby DNA copies itself; 2) Transcription, the synthesis of RNA from DNA; and 3) Translation, the synthesis of proteins from RNA. It explains that replication faithfully copies DNA to pass genetic information from parent to daughter cells between generations, while transcription and translation are required to express that genetic information through the production of proteins.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    29 views34 pages

    Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

    Uploaded by

    Gretz Anticamara
    The document discusses the central dogma of molecular biology, which consists of three processes: 1) Replication, whereby DNA copies itself; 2) Transcription, the synthesis of RNA from DNA; and 3) Translation, the synthesis of proteins from RNA. It explains that replication faithfully copies DNA to pass genetic information from parent to daughter cells between generations, while transcription and translation are required to express that genetic information through the production of proteins.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 34

    Central Dogma of

    Molecular Biology

    Edwin L. Solilap
    USeP

    (2016)
     DNA as a genetic material , is
    capable of transmitting biological
    information from a parent cell to its
    daughter cell - from one generation
    to another.

     The information stored in its base


    sequence is copied accurately by
    replication.
     Replication is the process of
    faithfully copying the a DNA to
    produce two DNA molecules identical
    to the parent DNA.

     TheseDNA then passed on to the


    daughter cell via the chromosome
    during cell division.
     The information stored in the DNA
    when expressed will result to a
    particular trait of an individual .

     The trait is expressed through the


    action of proteins either directly (ex.
    structural proteins) or indirectly (ex.
    when a protein is an enzyme
    responsible for metabolic reactions
    that lead to trait expression).
     The Central Dogma of Molecular
    Biology is consists of three general
    processes namely:

    ◦ 1. Replication (DNA synthesis)


    ◦ 2. Transcription (RNA synthesis)
    ◦ 3. Translation (protein synthesis)

     The transfer of information from cell


    to cell or from generation to
    generation is achieved by replication.
     On the other hand, the transfer of
    information from the DNA to the
    proteins involves transcription and
    translation.

     Generally,all organisms follow this


    mode of transfer except for some
    viruses that undergo reverse
    transcription.
    1.Replication of the Genetic Material

     DNA replicates in a semi-conservative


    manner – a newly synthesized
    molecule contains an old strand from
    the parent DNA and a newly-
    synthesized DNA strand.
    1. Replication of the Genetic Material

     Thetwo strands of the parent DNA


    serves as the template or pattern to
    which a complementary strand is
    synthesized.
    1. Replication of the Genetic Material

     Theaccuracy of replication is
    guaranteed by specific base pairing
    and exonuclease activities of the
    enzyme involved.
    Steps of Replication of the Genetic Material

     1.Initiation of Replication

    ◦ Separation of double helix DNA into


    single strands that would serve as the
    templates

     Helix unwinding protein (HUP) enzyme (1)


    use ATP to unwind the DNA by breaking its
    hydrogen bonds.
    Steps of Replication of the Genetic Material
     1.Initiation of Replication
     Helix unwinding protein (HUP) enzyme (1)
    use ATP to unwind the DNA by breaking its
    hydrogen bonds.
    Steps in Replication of the Genetic Material
     1.Initiation of Replication

    ◦ To keep the strand from reannealing,


    several HDP (2) bind to the single strand

    ◦ DNA.

    ◦ DNA gyrase (3) relaxes twisting tension


    (super coils) created during unwinding.
    Once the templates are open, short stretches
    or segments of RNA are synthesized by RNA
    polymerase to serve as primers for the
    elongation of the complementary strand .
    RNA primers provide the 3’OH needed by DNA
    Polymerase III to catalyze the phosphodiester bond when
    nucleotides are added during elongation.
    Leading strand needs only one primer because it opens
    its complementary strand a 5’ to 3’ direction.
    Lagging strand opens its complementary strand in a 3’
    to 5’ direction
    Several primers are needed when the complementary
    strand elongates in lagging strand.
    The three nucleotides are called codons (Fig.4.8). The
    genetic code chart (Fig. 5.9) specifies these coded amino
    acids.
     Phenylalanine
    block in phenylketonuria

    tyrosine
    block in
    albinism

    melanin
    End of Presentation

     Thank You.

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