Research Method 172nd JMC

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Khawar Hussain
Sr. Instructor(Management)
Wapda Administrative Staff College, Islamabad.
Research?
Research?
• It is an Art of Scientific Investigation
• According to Redman and Mory, Research is a

“Systematized effort to gain new knowledge”
• In sum, Research is the search for knowledge, using

objective and systematic methods to find solution to
a problem.
Objectives of Research
• Develop new theory
• Develop new invention
• To gain familiarity with new insights

into a phenomenon
Types of Research
1.Applied research/Problem
oriented Research
2.Basic/Fundamental/Pure
Research
Types of Research
Qualitative Quantitative
Mixed
7
Variables
• Independent variables e.g Age
• Dependent variables e.g Test
Score
Hypothesis
• Alternative hypothesis (There is
relationship between variables being
studied)
• Null Hypothesis- No relationship

Research Methods vs. Methodology
• Research Methods are the methods that the

researcher adopts for conducting the research
Studies. Experiments , test or surveys etc.
• Research Methodology is the way in which

research problems are solved systematically.
• It is the Science of studying how research is

conducted Scientifically.
Research
Process
II. Review the literature
Review concepts
and theories IV. Research
I. Define Research III. Formulate
design
Problem hypothesis
Review previous
research
finding
VII. Results VI. Analyse data V. Collect data

and report (Test hypothesis) (Execution)
Defining the Research Gap/Problem
The following points may be observed by a

researcher in selecting a research problem or
a subject for research:
i. Subject which is overdone should not be normally chosen,
for it will be a difficult task to throw any new light in such
a case.
ii. There must be some objective(s) to be attained at. If one
wants nothing, one cannot have a problem.
iii. The subject selected for research should be familiar and
feasible so that the related research material or sources of
research are within one’s reach.
Literature Review
• Once the problem is formulated, the
researcher should undertake extensive
literature review connected with the problem.
Why Literature Review??????
i. Assist in refining statement of the
problem
ii. Strengthening the argument of
selection of a research topic
(Justification )
iii. It helps to get familiar with
various types of methodology
that might be used in the study
(Design)
Literature Review
What are the major whether the research
issues and debate question already has
about the research been answered by
problem someone else?
Questions that What is the

Are there any gaps in can be answered chronology of the
knowledge of the by a review of development of
subject? literature knowledge about my
research problem?
What are the key

How can I bridge the theories, concept
gap? and ideas known
What directions about the subject?
/methodology are
indicated by the
work of other
researchers?
Literature Review
Sources of Literature:
Books Vital statistics
• Text books • Census
• Monographs • Government Records
• Edited collections • Surveillance system
• Surveys
Journal Articles International organization
• Academic journals documents
• Conference Proceedings • e.g. (WHO,UNICEF)
Indexing and Abstracting Media

journal search engines • Newspaper
• Pubmed • Magazine
• Google Scholar
Past Dissertations Internet
Research
Design
What is the
What will be
the sample
design?
study about?
What periods
of time will
Why is the
the study
study being
include?
made?
What
Where will the techniques of
study be data
carried out? collection will
be used?
Where can the How will

required data the data be
be found? analysed?
Reference list - example
Abber, C. and Smith, T. (2016) Book, two authors

Research study methodology. Dover:
Dover University Press.
Wharton, C., Pail, R. and Crumb, F.

Print or electronic
(2018) ‘Why businesses fail’, Business journal
Review, 7 (10), pp. 160-172.
National Health Service (2019)

Symptoms. Available at:
www.nhs.uk/livewell/symptoms.aspx Website
(Accessed: 02 July 2017).
Syndicate Research Work- Format
• Title Page, Table of contents, Acknowledgement
• Abstract or Executive Summary, Key Variables
• Introduction (Each variable separately)
• Literature Review (theoretical framework)
• Data Collection and Analysis
• Conclusion and Future recommendations
• References
• Appendix (If any)
Note:
1. References should be given properly in literature review and in
the end of the report.
2. Minimum 35 Pages and Maximum 50 Pages
3. Plagiarized reports will be penalized.

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• It is an Art of Scientific Investigation

• According to Redman and Mory, Research is a

• In sum, Research is the search for knowledge, using

• Develop new theory

• Develop new invention

• To gain familiarity with new insights

• Independent variables e.g Age

• Dependent variables e.g Test

• Alternative hypothesis (There is

relationship between variables being

• Null Hypothesis- No relationship

• Research Methods are the methods that the

• Research Methodology is the way in which

• It is the Science of studying how research is

VII. Results VI. Analyse data V. Collect data

The following points may be observed by a

Questions that What is the

What are the key

Indexing and Abstracting Media

Where can the How will

Abber, C. and Smith, T. (2016) Book, two authors

Wharton, C., Pail, R. and Crumb, F.

National Health Service (2019)

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