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    Molarity and Dilutions

    Uploaded by

    Rebecca Putri Limbardo
    Molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Dilution is the process of preparing a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated one by adding more solvent. The key relationship used for dilution problems is that the moles of solute before dilution equals the moles of solute after dilution. This relationship is represented by the equation: CcVc = CdVd, where Cc is the concentration of the original solution, Vc is the volume of the original solution, Cd is the concentration of the diluted solution, and Vd is the volume of the diluted solution. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to set up and solve dilution problems using this relationship.

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    Molarity and Dilutions

    Uploaded by

    Rebecca Putri Limbardo
    126 views21 pages
    Molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Dilution is the process of preparing a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated one by adding more solvent. The key relationship used for dilution problems is that the moles of solute before dilution equals the moles of solute after dilution. This relationship is represented by the equation: CcVc = CdVd, where Cc is the concentration of the original solution, Vc is the volume of the original solution, Cd is the concentration of the diluted solution, and Vd is the volume of the diluted solution. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to set up and solve dilution problems using this relationship.

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    concentration, dilution, molarity

    Original Title

    molarity_and_dilutions

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    Molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Dilution is the process of preparing a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated one by adding more solvent. The key relationship used for dilution problems is that the moles of solute before dilution equals the moles of solute after dilution. This relationship is represented by the equation: CcVc = CdVd, where Cc is the concentration of the original solution, Vc is the volume of the original solution, Cd is the concentration of the diluted solution, and Vd is the volume of the diluted solution. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to set up and solve dilution problems using this relationship.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    126 views21 pages

    Molarity and Dilutions

    Uploaded by

    Rebecca Putri Limbardo
    Molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Dilution is the process of preparing a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated one by adding more solvent. The key relationship used for dilution problems is that the moles of solute before dilution equals the moles of solute after dilution. This relationship is represented by the equation: CcVc = CdVd, where Cc is the concentration of the original solution, Vc is the volume of the original solution, Cd is the concentration of the diluted solution, and Vd is the volume of the diluted solution. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to set up and solve dilution problems using this relationship.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Concentration of Solutions

    Molarity (M), or molar concentration, is defined as the number of


    moles of solute per liter of solution.
    Worked Example 9.8

    For an aqueous solution of glucose (C6H12O6), determine (a) the molarity of


    2.00 L of a solution that contains 50.0 g of glucose, (b) the volume of this
    solution that would contain 0.250 mole of glucose, and (c) the number of moles
    of glucose in 0.500 L of this solution.
    Strategy Convert the mass of glucose given to moles, and use the equations for
    interconversions of M, liters, and moles to calculate the answers.
    50.0 g
    moles of glucose==0.277 mol
    180.2 g/mol

    Solution
    (a)molarity =0.277 mol C6H12O6 = 0.139 M
    2.00 L solution
    (b)volume =0.250 mol C6H12O6 = 1.80 L
    0.139 M solution
    (c)moles of C6H12O6 in 0.500 L = 0.500 L×0.139 M = 0.0695 mol
    Concentration of Solutions
    Concentration of Solutions - Percentage Solution
    Concentration of Solutions - Molarity Problems
    Solving in Solution
    4.5
    Concentration of Solutions

    Dilution is the process of preparing a less concentrated solution from


    a more concentrated one.

    moles of solute before dilution = moles of solute after dilution


    Dilution is the procedure for preparing a less concentrated
    solution from a more concentrated solution.

    Dilution
    Add
    Solvent

    molesofofsolute
    Moles solute before = moles Moles
    of solute after
    of solute
    n=CcVc(i)
    before dilution = n=CdV
    after dilution
    d (f)
    CcVc = CdVd
    MiVi = MfVf
    4.5
    Concentration of Solutions

    In an experiment, a student needs 250.0 mL of a 0.100 M CuCl2


    solution. A stock solution of 2.00 M CuCl2 is available.
    How much of the stock solution is needed?
    Solution: Use the relationship that moles of solute before
    dilution = moles of solute after dilution.

    Cc × Vc = Cd × Vd

    (2.00 M CuCl2)(Vc) = (0.100 M CuCl2)(0.2500 L)


    Vc = 0.0125 L or 12.5 mL
    To make the solution:
    1) Pipet 12.5 mL of stock solution into a 250.0 mL volumetric
    flask.
    How would you prepare 60.0 mL of 0.2 M
    HNO3 from a stock solution of 4.00 M HNO3?

    CcVc = CdVd

    Cc = 4.00M Cd = 0.200M Vd = 0.06 L Vc = ? L

    CdVd 0.200M x 0.06L


    Vc = = = 0.003 L = 3 mL
    Cc 4.00M

    3 mL of acid + 57 mL of water = 60 mL of solution


    Concentration of Solutions

    Because most volumes measured in the laboratory are in milliliters


    rather than liters, it is worth pointing out that the equation can also be
    used with mL as the volume as long as both volume measurements
    are the SAME unit.
    Another Dilution Problem

    If 32 mL stock solution of 6.5 M H2SO4 is diluted to a volume of 500 mL


    What would be the resulting concentration?

    CcVc = CdVd

    (6.5M) (32 mL) = Cd (500 mL)

    6.5 M * 32 mL
    Cd =
    500
    mL

    Cd = 0.42 M
    Worked Example 9.9
    What volume of 12.0 M HCl, a common laboratory stock solution, must be used
    to prepare 250.0 mL of 0.125 M HCl?
    Strategy Cc = 12.0 M, Cd = 0.125 M, Vd = 250.0 mL

    Solution
    12.0 M × Vc = 0.125 M × 250.0 mL
    0.125 M × 250.0 mL
    V12.0
    c = M = 2.60 mL
    Worked Example 9.11
    Using square-bracket notation, express the concentration of (a) chloride ion in a
    solution that is 1.02 M in AlCl3, (b) nitrate ion in a solution that is 0.451 M in
    Ca(NO3)2, and (c) Na2CO3 in a solution in which [Na+] = 0.124 M.
    Strategy Use the concentration given in each case and the stoichiometry
    indicated in the corresponding chemical formula to determine the concentration
    of the specified ion or compound.

    Solution (a) There are 3 moles of Cl- ion for every 1 mole of AlCl3,
    AlCl3(s) → Al3+(aq) + 3Cl-(aq)
    so the concentration of Cl- will be three times the concentration of AlCl3.
    3 mol Cl-
    [Cl-] = [AlCl3]1×mol AlCl3
    1.02 mol AlCl3 3 mol Cl-
    =L 1 mol ×AlCl3
    3.06 mol Cl-
    L= = 3.06 M
    Concentration of Solutions - Dilution problem practice.
    Concentration of Solutions - Molality Problems
    Solving in Solution
    Concentration of Solutions - Molality Problems
    Solving in Solution
    Concentration of Solutions - Molality Problems
    Solving in Solution

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