ENVIRONMENTAL

POLLUTION
 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
 Environmental Pollution can be defined as any undesirable
change in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics
of any component of the environment i.e. air, water, soil
which can cause harmful effects on various forms of life
or property.
 Pollution: The term pollution can be defined as influence
of any substance causing disturbance, harmful effects, and
uneasiness to the organisms ‫الكائنات الحية‬.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

 Pollutant:- Any substance causing disturbance or harmful

effects or uneasiness to the organisms, then that particular
substance may be called as the pollutant.
TYPES OF POLLUTION

 WATER POLLUTION
 AIR POLLUTION
 LAND POLLUTION
 NOISE POLLUTION
WATER POLLUTION
WATER POLLUTION
 Water Pollution can be defined as alteration in physical,
chemical, or biological characteristics of water through
natural or human activities and making it unsuitable for its
designated use.

 Fresh Water present on the earth surface is put to many

uses. It is used for drinking, domestic and municipal uses,
agricultural, irrigation, industries, navigation, recreation
‫ترفيه‬1‫ة وال‬1‫المالح‬. The used water becomes contaminated and is
called waste water.
SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION

Most of Water Pollution is man made It may also occur

naturally by addition of soil particles through erosion animal
wastes and leaching of minerals from rocks.
.‫عن طريق إضافة جزيئات التربة من خالل تآكل فضالت الحيوانات وترشيح المعادن من الصخور‬
SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION

 Municipal Waste Water

 Industrial
 In-organic Pollutants
 Organic Pollutants
 Agricultural Wastes
 Marine Pollution ‫التلوث البحري‬
 Thermal pollution
MUNICIPAL WASTE WATER
INDUSTRIAL WASTE

The major source of water pollution is the waste water

discharged from industries and commercial bodies, these
industries are chemical, metallurgical, food processing
industries, textile, paper industries.
They discharge several organic and inorganic pollutants.
That prove highly toxic to living beings.
INDUSTRIAL WASTE
INDUSTRIAL WASTE
INORGANIC POLLUTANTS
They include fine particles of different metals, chlorides,
sulphates, oxides of iron, cadmium, acids and alkalies.
‫ واألحماض والقلويات‬، ‫ والكادميوم‬، ‫ وأكاسيد الحديد‬، ‫ وكبريتات‬، ‫ وكلوريد‬، ‫معادن مختلفة‬.
ORGANIC POLLUTANTS
They Include oils, fats, phenols, organic acids grease and
several other organic compounds
ORGANIC POLLUTANTS
Oil Spills (hard to clean up)
 AGRICULTURAL WASTES
 Chemical fertilizers and pesticides
‫ة‬1‫دات الكيماوي‬1‫مدة والمبي‬1‫ األس‬have become
essential for present day high
yielding crops.
AGRICULTURAL WASTES

 Consequently, they have become a potential source of

water pollution. These fertilizers ‫مدة‬1‫ اس‬contain major plants
nutrients mainly nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium.
 Excess fertilizers may reach the ground water by leaching
‫ح‬1‫ رش‬or may be mixed with surface water of rivers, lakes
and ponds ‫ البرك‬by runoff and drainage ‫الجريان السطحي‬
‫والصرف‬.
MARINE POLLUTION

Ocean are the final sink of all natural and manmade

pollutants. Rivers discharge their pollutants into the sea. The
sewage and garbage of costal cities are also dumped into the
sea. The other sources include, discharge of oils, grease,
detergents, and radioactive wastes from ships.
‫ تصب األنهار‬.‫المحيط هو المغسلة النهائية لجميع الملوثات الطبيعية واالصطناعية‬
‫ كما يتم إلقاء مياه الصرف الصحي والقمامة في المدن الساحلية في‬.‫ملوثاتها في البحر‬
‫ وتشمل المصادر األخرى تصريف الزيوت والشحوم والمنظفات والنفايات‬.‫البحر‬
‫المشعة من السفن‬.
MARINE POLLUTION
THERMAL POLLUTION
Thermal Pollution of water is caused by the rise in
temperature of water. The main source of thermal pollution
are the thermal and nuclear power plants. The power
generating plants use water as coolants and release hot water
into the original source. Sudden rise in temperature kills fish
and other aquatic animals.
THERMAL POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
 Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate
matter, or biological materials that cause harm or
discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause
damage to the natural environment or built environment,
into the atmosphere.
 A substance in the air that can cause harm to humans and
the environment is known as an air pollutant.
CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION
 Carbon dioxide - this happens because of deforestation
‫ إزالة الغابات‬and fossil fuel burning.
 Sulfur dioxide – Due to the burning of sulfur containing
compounds of fossil fuels.
 Sulfur oxides - very dangerous to humans at a high
concentration. Sulfur in the atmosphere is responsible for
acid rain.
CONSEQUENCES OF AIR POLLUTION

CO2 is a good transmitter of sunlight, but it also partially

restricts infrared radiation going back from the earth into
space, which produces the so called greenhouse effect that
prevents a drastic cooling of the Earth during the night.
 CO2 in atmosphere --> GLOBALWARMING
LAND POLLUTION
LAND POLLUTION
 Land pollution is the demolition of Earth's land surfaces
often caused by human activities and their misuse of land
resources. It occurs when waste is not disposed properly.
 Urbanization ‫ر‬1‫ تحض‬and industrialization are major causes
of land pollution.
CAUSES OF LAND POLLUTION

Four main causes of land pollution:

 Construction
 Agriculture
 Domestic waste
 Industrial Waste
CONSTRUCTION
 Buildings take up resources and land, the trees are
chopped down and used to make buildings.
‫ ويتم قطع األشجار واستخدامها لصنع المباني‬، ‫تشغل المباني الموارد واألراضي‬.

 Takes away the places for animals and other organisms to

live.
AGRICULTURE

 As there are more and more people inhabiting ‫كن‬1‫ يس‬the

earth, food is in higher demand and so forests are chopped
down and turned into farmland
 In addition, herbicides, pesticides, artificial fertilizers,
animal manure are washed into the soil and pollute it.
‫ يتم غسل مبيدات األعشاب والمبيدات الحشرية واألسمدة‬، ‫باإلضافة إلى ذلك‬
‫االصطناعية وروث الحيوانات في التربة وتلوثها‬.
AGRICULTURE
DOMESTIC WASTE

 Tons of domestic waste is dumped every day. Some waste

from homes, offices and industries can be recycled or
burnt.
 There is still a lot of garbage, such as refrigerators and
washing machines that are dumped in landfills ‫مدافن النفايات‬
simply because they cannot be reused in anyway, nor
recycled .
DOMESTIC WASTE
INDUSTRIAL WASTE

Plastics factories, chemical plants, oil refineries, nuclear

waste disposal activity, large animal farms, coal-fired power
plants ‫الفحم‬1‫ل ب‬1‫تي تعم‬1‫ة ال‬1‫د الطاق‬1‫ات تولي‬1‫محط‬, metals production factories and
other heavy industry all contribute to land pollution.
INDUSTRIAL WASTE
NOISE POLLUTION
NOISE POLLUTION
 Noise pollution is excessive, displeasing human, animal,
or machine-created environmental noise that disrupts the
activity or balance of human or animal life.
 Sound becomes undesirable when it disturbs the normal
activities such as working, sleeping, and during
conversations.
 World Health Organization WHO stated that “Noise must
be recognized as a major threat to human wellbeing ‫”رفاهية‬
SOURCES OF NOISE POLLUTION
 Transportation systems are the main source of noise
pollution in urban areas.
 Construction of buildings, highways, and streets cause a
lot of noise, due to the usage of air compressors,
bulldozers, loaders, dump trucks, and pavement breakers.
 Industrial noise also adds to the already unfavorable state
of noise pollution.
 Loud speakers, plumbing, boilers, generators, air
conditioners, fans, and vacuum cleaners add to the
existing noise pollution.
EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION
 According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
USEPA, there are direct links between noise and health.
Also, noise pollution adversely affects the lives of millions
of people.
 Noise pollution can damage physiological and
psychological health.
 High blood pressure, stress related illness, sleep
disruption, hearing loss, and productivity loss are the
problems related to noise pollution.
 It can also cause memory loss, severe depression, and
panic attacks ‫نوبات الهلع‬
SOLUTIONS FOR NOISE POLLUTION
 Planting bushes and trees in and around sound generating
sources is an effective solution for noise pollution.
 Regular servicing and tuning of automobiles can
effectively reduce the noise pollution
 Social awareness programs should be taken up to educate
the public about the causes and effects of noise pollution.
 Workers should be provided with equipment such as ear
plugs and earmuffs for hearing protection.
SOLUTIONS FOR NOISE POLLUTION
 Similar to automobiles, lubrication of the machinery and
servicing should be done to minimize noise generation.
 Soundproof doors and windows can be installed to block
unwanted noise from outside.
 Regulations should be imposed to restrict the usage of
play loudspeakers in crowded areas and public places.
 Factories and industries should be located far from the
residential areas.
WAYS TO STOP POLLUTION
 We believe that it is the responsible thing to do to increase
recycling. It is just like doing laundry and separating
blacks and colors.
 The residents of the country should also try and do their
part and put in at least one day of litter picking up ‫جمع القمامة‬.
 GLOBAL
WARMING
AND THE
GREENHOUSE
EFFECT

GREENHOUSE EFFECT
 GLOBAL WARMING AND
THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT

GLOBAL WARMING
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GLOBAL
WARMING
AND THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
 Global warming refers to a rise in the temperature of the
surface of the earth.
 The Greenhouse Effect is a process by which thermal
radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by
atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all
directions.
‫هو عملية يتم من خاللها امتصاص اإلشعاع الحراري من سطح كوكب بواسطة‬
‫ وإعادة إشعاعها في جميع االتجاهات‬، ‫غازات الدفيئة في الغالف الجوي‬
 SOME PROOF OF GLOBAL WARMING
PORTAGE GLACIER ‫ نهر الجليد‬ALASKA PORTAGE GLACIER ALASKA
THEN…. NOW….
Definitions of Glacier

Slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the

accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near
the poles.
‫كتلة أو نهر جليدي يتحرك ببطء يتشكل من تراكم وضغط الثلج على الجبال أو بالقرب من‬
‫القطبين‬.
COLORADO RIVER, COLORADO RIVER, AS
AS OF JUNE 2002 OF December 2003