Notesss

ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION.
BY:
AHMAD DANBATTA HASSAN
144849.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
 Environmental Pollution can be defined as any undesirable
change in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of any
component of the environment i.e. air, water, soil which can cause
harmful effects on various forms of life or property.
 Pollution: The term pollution can be defined as influence of any

substance causing nuisance, harmful effects, and uneasiness to
the organisms
 Pollutant:- Any substance causing Nuisance or harmful effects or

uneasiness to the organisms, then that particular substance may
be called as the pollutant.
TYPES OF POLLUTION
 WATER POLLUTION
 AIR POLLUTION
 LAND POLLUTION
 NOISE POLLUTION
WATER POLLUTION
 Water Pollution can be defined as alteration in
physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of
water through natural or human activities and
making it unsuitable for its designated use.
 Fresh Water present on the earth surface is put to

many uses. It is used for drinking, domestic and
municipal uses, agricultural, irrigation,
industries, navigation, recreation. The used water
becomes contaminated and is called waste water.
SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION
 Most of Water Pollution is man made It may also occur
naturally by addition of soil particles through erosion animal
wastes and leaching of minerals from rocks
 The sources of water pollution can be classified as

 Municipal Waste Water
 Industrial Waste
 Inorganic Pollutants
 Organic Pollutants
 Agricultural Wastes
 Marine Pollution
 Thermal pollution
MUNICIPAL WASTE WATER
INDUSTRIAL WASTE
The major source of water pollution is

the waste water discharged from
industries and commercial bodies, these
industries are chemical, metallurgical,
food processing industries, textile, paper
industries. They discharge several
organic and inorganic pollutants. That
prove highly toxic to living beings.
INDUSTRIAL WASTE
INORGANIC POLLUTANTS
 They include fine particles of different metals, chlorides,
sulphates, oxides of iron, cadmium, acids and alkalies.
ORGANIC POLLUTANTS
 They Include oils, fats, phenols, organic acids grease and

several other organic compounds
AGRICULTURAL WASTES
 Chemical fertilizers and pesticides have
become essential for present day high
yielding crops.
 Consequently , they have become a

potential source of water pollution.
These fertilizers contain major plants
nutrients mainly nitrogen, phosphorous,
and potassium.
 Excess fertilizers may reach the ground

water by leaching or may be mixed with
surface water of rivers, lakes and ponds
by runoff and drainage.
MARINE POLLUTION
 Ocean are the final sink of all natural and manmade
pollutants. Rivers discharge their pollutants into the sea.
The sewage and garbage of costal cities are also dumped
into the sea. The other sources include, discharge of oils,
grease, detergents, and radioactive wastes from ships.
THERMAL POLLUTION
 Thermal Pollution of water is caused by the rise in
temperature of water. The main source of thermal pollution
are the thermal and nuclear power plants. The power
generating plants use water as coolants and release hot
water into the original source. Sudden rise in temperature
kills fish and other aquatic animals.
AIR POLLUTION
 Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals,
particulate matter, or biological materials that
cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living
organisms, or cause damage to the natural
environment or built environment, into the
atmosphere.
 A substance in the air that can cause harm to

humans and the environment is known as an air
pollutant.
CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION
 Carbon dioxide-this happens because of
Deforestation and fossil fuel burning.
 Sulfur dioxide –Due to the burning of sulfur

containing compounds of fossil fuels.
 Sulfur oxides- very dangerous to humans at a

high concentration. Sulfur in the atmosphere
is responsible for acid rain.
CONSEQUENCES OF AIR POLLUTION
 CO2 is a good transmitter of sunlight, but it also

partially restricts infrared radiation going back
from the earth into space, which produces the so-
called greenhouse effect that prevents a drastic
cooling of the Earth during the night.
 CO2 in atmosphere --> GLOBAL WARMING

LAND POLLUTION
 Land pollution is the demolition of Earth's land
surfaces often caused by human activities and
their misuse of land resources. It occurs when
waste is not disposed properly.
 Urbanization and industrialization are major

causes of land pollution.
CAUSES OF LAND POLLUTION
 Four Main causes of land pollution:
 Construction
 Agriculture
 Domestic waste
 Industrial Waste
CONSTRUCTION
 Buildings take up resources and land, the trees are
chopped down and used to make buildings.
 Takes away the places for animals and other
organisms to live.
AGRICULTURE
 As there are more and more people inhabiting the
earth, food is in higher demand and so forests are
chopped down and turned into farmland
 In addition, herbicides, pesticides, artificial

fertilizers, animal manure are washed into the
soil and pollute it.
DOMESTIC WASTE
 Tons of domestic waste is dumped every day. Some waste
from homes, offices and industries can be recycled or
burnt in incinerators .
 There is still a lot of garbage, such as refrigerators and

washing machines that are dumped in landfills simply
because they cannot be reused in anyway, nor recycled .
INDUSTRIAL WASTE
 Plastics factories, chemical plants, oil refineries,
nuclear waste disposal activity, large animal farms,
coal-fired power plants, metals production factories
and other heavy industry all contribute to land
pollution.
NOISE POLLUTION
 Noise pollution is excessive, displeasing human,
animal, or machine-created environmental noise
that disrupts the activity or balance of human or
animal life.
 Sound becomes undesirable when it disturbs the

normal activities such as working, sleeping, and
during conversations.
 World Health Organization stated that “Noise must

be recognized as a major threat to human well-
being”
SOURCES OF NOISE POLLUTION
 Transportation systems are the main source of noise
pollution in urban areas.
 Construction of buildings, highways, and streets cause a lot

of noise, due to the usage of air compressors, bulldozers,
loaders, dump trucks, and pavement breakers.
 Industrial noise also adds to the already unfavorable

state of noise pollution.
 Loud speakers, plumbing, boilers, generators, air

conditioners, fans, and vacuum cleaners add to the existing
noise pollution.
GENERATOR
EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION
 According to the USEPA, there are direct links between
noise and health. Also, noise pollution adversely affects the
lives of millions of people.
 Noise pollution can damage physiological and

psychological health.
 High blood pressure, stress related illness, sleep disruption,

hearing loss, and productivity loss are the problems related
to noise pollution.
 It can also cause memory loss, severe depression, and panic

attacks.
SOLUTIONS FOR NOISE POLLUTION
 Planting bushes and trees in and around sound
generating sources is an effective solution for noise
pollution.
 Regular servicing and tuning of automobiles can

effectively reduce the noise pollution
 Social awareness programs should be taken up to educate

the public about the causes and effects of noise pollution.
 Workers should be provided with equipments such as ear

plugs and earmuffs for hearing protection.
 Similar to automobiles, lubrication of the machinery
and servicing should be done to minimize noise
generation.
 Soundproof doors and windows can be installed to

block unwanted noise from outside.
 Regulations should be imposed to restrict the usage

of play loudspeakers in crowded areas and public
places.
 Factories and industries should be located far from

the residential areas.
WAYS TO STOP POLLUTION
 We believe that it is the responsible thing to do to
increase recycling.
 It is just like doing laundry and separating blacks

and colors.
 The residents of the country should also try and do

their part and put in at least one day of litter picking
up.
ANY QUESTIONS??
THANK YOU

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ENVIRONMENTAL

 Pollution: The term pollution can be defined as influence of any

 Pollutant:- Any substance causing Nuisance or harmful effects or

 Fresh Water present on the earth surface is put to

 The sources of water pollution can be classified as

The major source of water pollution is

 They Include oils, fats, phenols, organic acids grease and

 Consequently , they have become a

 Excess fertilizers may reach the ground

 A substance in the air that can cause harm to

 Sulfur dioxide –Due to the burning of sulfur

 Sulfur oxides- very dangerous to humans at a

 CO2 is a good transmitter of sunlight, but it also

 CO2 in atmosphere --> GLOBAL WARMING

 Urbanization and industrialization are major

 Four Main causes of land pollution:

 In addition, herbicides, pesticides, artificial

 There is still a lot of garbage, such as refrigerators and

 Sound becomes undesirable when it disturbs the

 World Health Organization stated that “Noise must

 Construction of buildings, highways, and streets cause a lot

 Industrial noise also adds to the already unfavorable

 Loud speakers, plumbing, boilers, generators, air

 Noise pollution can damage physiological and

 High blood pressure, stress related illness, sleep disruption,

 It can also cause memory loss, severe depression, and panic

 Regular servicing and tuning of automobiles can

 Social awareness programs should be taken up to educate

 Workers should be provided with equipments such as ear

 Soundproof doors and windows can be installed to

 Regulations should be imposed to restrict the usage

 Factories and industries should be located far from

 It is just like doing laundry and separating blacks

 The residents of the country should also try and do

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