Sanjana Joshi 12th Chemistry Investigatory

RELIANCE FOUNDATION SCHOOL,
MOUDA
CHEMISTRY PROJECT
SESSION:2023-24
TOPIC:-“Biodiesel”
NAME:Sanjana Joshi
CLASS:XII
ROLL NO: 1105
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of

gratitude to my principal Mr. Hari Prasad
Vaishnav sir as well as my physics teacher
Dr. Dattatray Bharti sir who gave me this
golden opportunity to undertake this project.
Secondly, I would also like to thanks my

parents and friends who supported and
encouraged to do this well.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Sanjana Joshi of

Class XII has satisfactorily completed
the project in Chemistry prescribed by
C.B.S.E board in the year 2023-2024.
SUBJECT TEACHER PRINCIPAL

Dr. Dattatray Bharti Mr. Hari Prasad Vaishnav
INDEX
➔ Abstract
➔ Introduction
➔ Methodology
➔ Apparatus/Materials Required
➔ Biodiesel Preparation
➔ Further Scope
➔ Outcomes
➔ Conclusion
➔ Bibliography
Abstract
Everyone is well aware of the fact that the fossil fuels are not
going to last long, as they are non-renewable sources of
energy and they are depleting very fast. Maximum amount of
energy demand is fulfilled with fossil fuels and there are very
less alternatives available to fulfill the needs. Due to this
reason a better alternative to this danger was much needed.
After studying various alternatives available, we came across
biodiesel. Biodiesel is form of diesel fuel derived from plants
or animals which contains long chain fatty esters. Biodiesel
obtained from oil has given better results. But biodiesel
independently is not able to replace the Crude diesel fuel and
hence require some additives with proper extraction
procedure to improve its performance. For this reason, a
proper extraction methodology needs to be followed to get
the best results possible. Biodiesel from oil can be obtained
by either In-Situ Transesterification or Transesterification
process. Instead of using biodiesel directly, nanoparticles of
aluminum oxides could be added as a stabilizer. Addition of
nanoparticles can result in controlling pollution level. The
obtained biodiesel can be tested with various blends of diesel-
Biodiesel and results obtained can further improve the engine
performance and reduce level of emissions. Hence a
successful alternative to crude diesel is obtained and ready to
use without any modifications in conventional diesel engine
design.
Introduction
Mankind is always eager to develop themselves. Energy is
required for their sustainable development. For a long
period of time, we are dependent on the use of fossil fuels as
our primary energy source as when they are burned, we get
significant amount of useful energy. Formation of fossil
fuels require millions of years as they are obtained from
ancient animals and thus, they are non-renewable source of
energy. If we keep using conventional sources at the same
rate, we are going to face scarcity in the future as population
and demand is increasing and fuel reserves are declining.
Fossil fuels are major contributors in global warming as
when they are burned, they produce greenhouse gases like
CO, CO2, NOx, Sox, HC acting as major pollutants.
Research and experiments show us promising results given
by biodiesels. Biodiesel can be sourced directly from
different non edible oils, fats from animals like lard and
tallow. When vegetable oil is used as biodiesel, it has
provided promising results. Biodiesel has higher cetane
number, thus it has higher flammability. Biodiesel acts as a
lubricant and thus reduces wear and tear of engine.
If unmodified biodiesel is used, it can lead to
form excess layer of carbon in combustion
chamber and it can clog injector and filter.
Biodiesel alone is not able to replace Crude
diesel fuel, hence it needs some additives and
proper extraction in order to meet the desired
results.
Major advancements in nanoparticles have
given them edge over micro-particles and can
be used as additives in biodiesel to reduce the
harmful exhaust gases significantly and
increase efficiency of an engine.
Modifications in biodiesel can be done by
many different additives like TiO2, CaO, Zn.
Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) can be used as an
additive to get better results. Additives
having metals enhances viscosity and other
physiochemical properties.
Methodology
Apparatus
1. Vegetable oil
2. Methanol
3. Ethanol
4. KOH
5. Water bath
6. Round bottom flask
7. Beaker
8. Thermometer
9. Separating funnel
10. Magnetic stirer
Biodiesel Preparation
The steps in biodiesel production process are mentioned
below.
1. First 1 liter of vegetable oil is poured in a pot and then
excited up to a temperature of 65°C to remove all the
water particles, as presence of water particles may
reduce the process efficiency.
2. Simultaneously, a beaker is filled with 200ml of
methanol and then about 3.5 g of Potassium Hydroxide
is mixed as a catalyst.
3. The beaker is closed and then stirred for about thirty
minutes and to form Potassium Methoxide
4. The heated oil is taken into a separate pot and then the
Potassium Methoxide solution is mixed along with the
heated oil and stirred with the help of magnetic stirrer.
5. The mixture is allowed to settle for about ten hours
and then the biodiesel is obtained along with glycerin
which is deposited at the bottom.
6. Finally, the biodiesel is estranged from the container
by using the separating funnel and then it is mixed in
the specific proportions along with the diesel fuel to be
used for the investigational verifications by adding
aluminum oxide.
Further Scope in
Biodiesel
For betterment in biodiesel we can add aluminium
oxide(Al2O3) nanoparticles in the biodiesel.
The clinically tested reports by scientists show more
efficient results in biodiesel when mixed with
aluminium oxide and diesel-fuel in proper proportion.
The Aluminium oxides (Nano oxide) acts as a

combustion medium which have high calorific value
and high thermal conductivity which reduce delay
period and encourage complete combustion. Hence
increase the efficiency of engine and reduce brake
specific fuel consumption.
By using Biodiesel blended with Aluminium Nano
oxides in diesel engine, we can reduce many emissions
from engine like Nitrogen oxide, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon Monoxide, etc. By adding Aluminium oxide in
Biodiesel, NOx emission is greatly reduced.
Outcomes
1. Proper burning of biodiesel

2. Reduce the emission Nitrogen
Oxide, Hydrocarbons and
Carbon Monoxide
3. Improve the Brake Power and
Break Thermal Efficiency
4. Reduce BSFC
5. Improve the compatible
performance of engine without
any modification in it.
Photo Gallery
Conclusion
1. Biodiesel can be produced directly
from the vegetable oil by in-situ
transesterification reaction process with
the optimum concentration of KOH,
methanol & ethanol
2. The harmful organic reagent like n-
hexane was not at all used in this
method. Hence this technique is
environment friendly
3. The Aluminium oxides (Nano oxide)
acts as a combustion medium which
have high calorific value and high
thermal conductivity which reduce
delay period and encourage complete
combustion. Hence increase the
efficiency of engine and reduce brake
specific fuel consumption.
4. The biodiesel obtained has low cost and
can be a replacement for petrol/diesel
any change in the engine.
Bibliography
www.byjus .com
www.topper. com
www.wkipedia.com.

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RELIANCE FOUNDATION SCHOOL,

I would like to express my special thanks of

Secondly, I would also like to thanks my

This is to certify that Sanjana Joshi of

SUBJECT TEACHER PRINCIPAL

The Aluminium oxides (Nano oxide) acts as a

1. Proper burning of biodiesel

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