Induction Motor PPT Part1

Induction Motors
Introduction
 Three-phase induction motors are the most
common and frequently encountered machines in
industry
- simple design, low-price, easy maintenance
- wide range of power ratings: fractional horsepower to
10 MW
- run essentially as constant speed from no-load to full
load
- Its speed depends on the frequency of the power source
• not easy to have variable speed control
• requires a variable-frequency power-electronic drive for
optimal speed control
Introduction Continued……….
 The induction motor derives its name from the fact
that ac voltages are induced in the rotor circuit by
the rotating magnetic field of the stator i.e. rotor
receives power from the stator due to Induction
The rotor is not connected to an external source of
voltage.
Construction
 An induction motor has two main parts
a stationary stator
• Stator laminations are stacked together forming a hollow cylinder.
Coils of insulated wire are inserted into slots of the stator core.
• Core, constructed from stacked laminations, having a number of
evenly spaced slots, providing the space for the stator winding
Stator of IM
Construction
- a revolving rotor
• The rotor is the rotating part of the electromagnetic circuit.
• It can be found in two types:
 Squirrel cage
 Wound rotor
• However, the most common type of rotor is the “squirrel cage” rotor.
Squirrel cage type:
 Rotor winding is composed of copper bars embedded in the rotor slots
and shorted at both end by end rings
 Simple, low cost, robust, low maintenance
Wound rotor type:
 Rotor winding is wound by wires. The winding terminals can be
connected to external circuits through slip rings and brushes.
 Easy to control speed, more expensive.
Construction
Squirrel cage rotor
Wound rotor
Notice the
slip rings
Construction (Squirrel Cage Rotor)
A wound rotor with slip ring
SLIP RING
A wound rotor with slip ring
Construction (wound rotor )
Slip rings
Cutaway in a
typical wound-
rotor IM.
Notice the
brushes and the
slip rings
Brushes
Construction (Squirrel cage rotor )
Induction motor: Rotor and stator
Rotating Magnetic Field
 Balanced three phase windings, i.e. mechanically displaced

120 degrees form each other, fed by balanced three phase
source
 A rotating magnetic field with constant magnitude is produced,
rotating with a speed
120 f e
nsync  rpm
P
Where fe is the supply frequency and

P is the no. of poles and nsync is called the synchronous speed in
rpm (revolutions per minute)
Synchronous speed
P 50 Hz 60 Hz
2 3000 3600
4 1500 1800
6 1000 1200
8 750 900
10 600 720
12 500 600
 Consider a simple stator with 6 salient
poles - windings AN, BN, CN.
 The windings are mechanically

spaced at 120° from each other.
 The windings are connected to a 3-

phase source.
 AC currents Ia, Ib and Ic will flow in
the windings, but will be displaced
in time by 120°.
 Each winding produces its own MMF, which creates a flux across the
hollow interior of the stator.
 The 3 fluxes combine to produce a magnetic field that rotates at the
same frequency as the supply.
 The phase current wave forms
follow each other in the
sequence A-B-C.
 This produces a clock wise
rotating magnetic field.
 If we interchange any two of the
lines connected to the stator,
the new phase sequence will be A-C-B.
 This will produce a counterclockwise
rotating field, reversing the motor direction.
Principle of Operation
 The rotating magnetic field generated in the stator induces a

magnetic field in the rotor. The two fields interact and
cause the rotor to turn. To obtain maximum interaction
between the fields, the air gap between the rotor and stator
should be very small.
 As you know from Lenz's law, any induced emf tries to
oppose the changing field that induces it.
 In the case of an induction motor, the changing field is the
motion of the resultant stator field. A force is exerted on the
rotor by the induced emf and the resultant magnetic field.
This force tends to cancel the relative motion between the
rotor and the stator field. The rotor, as a result, moves in the
same direction as the rotating stator field.
 The lines of force of the rotor magnetic field are moving in the same
direction as those of the stator, thus adding to the magnetic field,
which keeps the rotor turning.
 It is, however, impossible for the rotor of an induction motor to turn at
the same speed as the rotating magnetic field.
 If the speeds were the same, there would be no relative motion between
the stator and rotor fields; without relative motion there would be no
induced voltage in the rotor.
 In order for relative motion to exist between the two, the rotor must
rotate at a speed slower than that of the rotating magnetic field.
 The difference between the speed of the rotating stator field and the
rotor speed is called slip. The smaller the slip, the closer the rotor speed
approaches the stator field speed.

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Induction Motor PPT Part1

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Induction Motors

 Balanced three phase windings, i.e. mechanically displaced

Where fe is the supply frequency and

 The windings are mechanically

 The windings are connected to a 3-

 The rotating magnetic field generated in the stator induces a

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