DIABETES

DIABETES MELLITUS & CBG MONITORING
REPORT BY;
KATHERINE ANDRADA
MARC JOSEPH BERINGUEL
PRINCESS ERICAH EVARDO
WHAT IS DIABETES?
 Diabetes is a chronic (long-lasting) health condition that affects how your

body turns food into energy.
 Your body breaks down most of the food you eat into sugar (glucose) and
releases it into your bloodstream. When your blood sugar goes up, it
signals your pancreas to release insulin. Insulin acts like a key to let the
blood sugar into your body’s cells for use as energy.
STAGES OF DIABETES
There are three main types of diabetes: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes (diabetes
while pregnant).
 Type 1 diabetes is thought to be caused by an autoimmune reaction (the body attacks
itself by mistake). This reaction stops your body from making insulin. Approximately 5-
10% of the people who have diabetes have type 1. Type 1 diabetes can be diagnosed at
any age, and symptoms often develop quickly. If you have type 1 diabetes, you’ll need to
take insulin every day to survive. Currently, no one knows how to prevent type 1
diabetes.
 Type 2 diabetes, your body doesn’t use insulin well and can’t keep blood sugar at normal
levels. About 90-95% of people with diabetes have type 2. It develops over many years and is
usually diagnosed in adults (but more and more in children, teens, and young adults). You
may not notice any symptoms, so it’s important to get your blood sugar tested if you’re at risk
. Type 2 diabetes can be prevented or delayed with healthy lifestyle changes, such as:
STAGES OF DIABETES
Gestational diabetes develops in pregnant women who have never had diabetes. If you
have gestational diabetes, your baby could be at higher risk for health problems.
Gestational diabetes usually goes away after your baby is born. However, it increases your
risk for type 2 diabetes later in life. Your baby is more likely to have obesity as a child or
teen and develop type 2 diabetes later in life.
Prediabetes In the United States, 96 million adults—more than 1 in 3—have prediabetes.
More than 8 in 10 of them don’t know they have it. With prediabetes, blood sugar levels are
higher than normal, but not high enough for a type 2 diabetes diagnosis. Prediabetes raises
your risk for type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. But there’s good news. If you have
prediabetes, a CDC-recognized lifestyle change program can help you take healthy steps
to reverse it.
MEDICATION FOR DIABETES
There are a number of treatments available to help you manage and treat your diabetes. Everyone is different, so treatment will vary depending
on your own individual needs
1. Type 1 diabetes - you’ll need to use insulin to treat your diabetes. You take the insulin by injection or by using a pump.
2. Type 2 diabetes - you may have to use insulin or tablets, though you might initially be able to treat your diabetes by
eating well and moving more.
3. Insulin - Everyone with type 1 diabetes, and some people with type 2 diabetes, need to take insulin to manage their
blood glucose (sugar) levels.
 If you have type 2 diabetes and your healthcare team recommends that you need to start insulin, it doesn’t mean that
you now have type 1 diabetes. You still have type 2, but your treatment has changed.
 Many people with type 2 need insulin treatment at some point and it doesn’t mean you haven’t managed your diabetes
well. Insulin is simply another medication that can help to keep you as healthy as possible.
 Managing blood sugars effectively is really important in reducing your risk of future diabetes complications and insulin
may be the most appropriate treatment choice for you.
MEDICATION FOR DIABETES
1. Weight loss surgery - There are lots of obesity surgery procedures to the stomach or intestine that
you can get to help you lose weight. There have been lots of studies that have found that this can
help to put Type 2 diabetes into remission.
2. Diet and exercise - Lots of people with Type 2 diabetes don’t take any medication, and they instead
treat their diabetes by eating well and moving more, our latest research DiRECT has even shown
that weight loss can put Type 2 diabetes into remission. We have loads of information and advice
that will help you live a healthy life.
HOW TO PREVENT DIABETES
1. Lose extra weight

Losing weight reduces the risk of diabetes. People in one large study reduced their risk of developing
diabetes by almost 60% after losing approximately 7% of their body weight with changes in exercise
and diet.
2. Be more physically active
There are many benefits to regular physical activity. Exercise can help you:
• Lose weight
• Lower your blood sugar
• Boost your sensitivity to insulin — which helps keep your blood sugar within a normal range
CONTINUATION..
• Aerobic exercise. Aim for 30 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise — such as
brisk walking, swimming, biking or running — on most days for a total of at least 150 minutes a
week.
• Resistance exercise. Resistance exercise — at least 2 to 3 times a week — increases your strength,
balance and ability to maintain an active life. Resistance training includes weightlifting, yoga and
calisthenics.
• Limited inactivity. Breaking up long bouts of inactivity, such as sitting at the computer, can help
control blood sugar levels. Take a few minutes to stand, walk around or do some light activity every
30 minutes.
CONTINUATION…
3. Eat healthy plant foods

Plants provide vitamins, minerals and carbohydrates in your diet. Carbohydrates include sugars and
starches — the energy sources for your body — and fiber. Dietary fiber, also known as roughage or
bulk, is the part of plant foods your body can't digest or absorb.
4. Eat healthy fats
Fatty foods are high in calories and should be eaten in moderation. To help lose and manage weight,
your diet should include a variety of foods with unsaturated fats, sometimes called "good fats.“
5. Skip fad diets and make healthier choices
Many fad diets — such as the glycemic index, paleo or keto diets — may help you lose weight. There is
little research, however, about the long-term benefits of these diets or their benefit in preventing
diabetes.
CBG MONITORING
Capillary blood glucose monitoring (CBG, previously referred

to as self-monitoring of blood glucose or SMBG) is one way for
people living with diabetes to measure and assess their glucose
levels. CBG uses a drop of blood from a finger prick to get a
blood glucose reading using a blood glucose meter, or
glucometer.

DIABETES

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DIABETES MELLITUS & CBG MONITORING

 Diabetes is a chronic (long-lasting) health condition that affects how your

1. Lose extra weight

3. Eat healthy plant foods

Capillary blood glucose monitoring (CBG, previously referred

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