Components of Matter

WEEK 1
DAY 1
MATTER AND ITS
COMPONENTS
What is Matter?
- Matter is anything that occupies space and has a mass.
What is it composed of?
- Matter is made up of tiny particles.
- The tiny particles are called atoms.
- When two or more atoms combine together, another particle is
formed, this is called molecule.
Molecule- is the smallest particle of a substance that is still that

substance, having all the properties of that substance.
THE ATOM AND ITS
STRUCTURE
Scientists believe that atoms are made up of smaller particles called
protons, neutrons, and electrons.
The center of an atom is called nucleus.
Inside the nucleus are the protons and neutrons.
The proton is with an electrical charge called positive (+). It is
heavier than the electron.
The electrons are negatively charged particles. They have small
amount of mass but have great energy that makes them move
quickly. They move around the nucleus of the atom in definite areas
called shells or energy levels
Proton and electron have unlike charges. Because they are unlike,
they attract each other.
Neutrons are neither positively nor negatively charged particles.
Neutron has a neutral charge. It does not attract or repel other
neutron.
The neutrons and protons are closely packed in the nucleus of an
atom.
Atoms are extremely small. Each atom has definite mass.
Atomic mass means the sum of the number of protons and neutrons
in the nucleus of an atom.
THREE
PHYSICAL STATES OF MATTER
A. SOLIDS
- have definite size, shape, and
volume.
- they have fixed shape because their
molecules are closely joined together.
-they are fixed and close that is why
they cannot move freely.
- some solids are hard. Examples:
wood, iron, rock and pebbles.
- some solids changes their form into
liquids. Examples are melted butter and
candles. They are melted but become solid
again when the temperature gets lower.
B. LIQUIDS
- flow from one place to another.
- they do not have shape of their own.
- they take the shape of their containers.
- they must be placed in containers to hold the
molecules together.
- the molecules in liquids move slowly and their
attraction is weaker.
Examples:
 Water, gasoline, oil, milk, juices, alcohol and
molasses.
-other liquids move slowly since their molecules stick
together. Examples: syrup, molasses and motor oil
ARRANGEMENT OF
MOLECULES IN THE STATES
OF MATTER
 Molecules in solids are compact. They cannot move around.
Molecules cling together since their attraction is strong. This is why
solids have definite shapes.
Molecules in liquids are quite farther apart that is why they can move
freely and slide. This is why they flow.
Molecules in gases are very far from one another. They spread out and
move very fast. This is why they do not have shape, size, and form.
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
A. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- property of matter that can be observed without changing the
identity and composition of the substance .
SOME COMMON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

1. Size- tells how big or small the object.
2. Shape- tells the characteristics of having form a form.
3. Color- concerned about the appearance of matter produced by
lightness, brightness, and mixture of light source.
4. Mass- refers to the amount of matter the objects has.
5. Texture- tells how the surface of matter feels to our touch.It can be
rough, smooth, silky, fibrous or glossy.
B. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
- refer to what one can be observe in the changes of the identity or
composition of the substance.
SOME COMMON CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
1. Combustibility- ability of a substance to be ignited or burned or
called flammability. Examples: wood, fuel, paper and cloth.
2. Corrosion- tells the ability of a substance to react with acids. During
the reaction of the objects to acids, bubbles are formed.
3. Rusting- this is a reaction property of iron that allows to combine
with oxygen to rust.
SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF
MATTER
1. Malleability- property of objects whereby they have
the ability to be hammered and shaped or formed by
pressure. Examples: galvanized iron that is used for
roofing.
2. Flexibility- some objects have the ability to be bent
without breaking. Example is the paper clip. You can
straighten and bend it.
3. Elasticity- there are objects that can be stretched and
return to its original form. Example of this is the
rubber band.
4. Brittleness- property of objects that can easily be
broken. Examples: glasses and mirror
5. Porosity- objects that absorb liquids or allow gases to
pass through them. Example: sponges
6. Tensile Strength- this property characterizes the
objects to withstand pressure and heat. Example: iron
bars.

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WEEK 1

Molecule- is the smallest particle of a substance that is still that

SOME COMMON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

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