Agri9l1 230713113145 C23ba1f8
Agri9l1 230713113145 C23ba1f8
Agri9l1 230713113145 C23ba1f8
IMPLEMENTS
are accessories which are being pulled by working animals or
mounted to machineries (hand tractor, tractor) which are usually used
in the preparation of land.
EQUIPMENTS
are machineries used in crop production. They are used in land
preparation and in transporting farm inputs and products. These
equipment need a highly skilled operator to use.
BOLO LIGHT
HOE
TOOLS
PICK- SPADING
MATTOCK FORK
GRAB-
SHOVEL RAKE
HOE SPADE
HAND WATER
TROWEL PAILS
TOOLS
HAND
CULTIVATOR SPRINKLERS
HAND
PRUNING AXE KNIFE
FORK
SHEARS
SPRAYERS TOOLS
WHEEL SICKLE
BARROW
TOOLS
Bolo
is used for cutting tall grasses and weeds
and chopping branches of trees.
Pick-mattock
is used for digging canals, breaking hard
topsoil and for digging up stones and tree
stumps.
Grab-hoe
is used for breaking hard topsoil and
pulverizing soil.
TOOLS
Spade
is used for removing trash or soil, digging
canals or ditches and mixing soil media.
Shovel
is used in removing trash, digging loose soil,
moving soil from one place to another and
for mixing soil media.
Rake
is used for cleaning the ground and leveling
the topsoil.
TOOLS
Spading fork
is used for loosening the soil, digging out
root crops and turning over the materials
in a compost heap.
Light hoe
is used for loosening and leveling soil and
digging out furrows for planting.
Hand trowel
is used for loosening the soil around the
growing plants and putting small amount of
manure fertilizer in the soil.
TOOLS
Hand cultivator
is used for cultivating the garden plot by
loosening the soil and removing weeds
around the plant.
Hand fork
is used for inter row cultivation.
Pruning shears
is for cutting branches of planting materials
and unnecessary branches of plants.
TOOLS
Axe
is for cutting bigger size post.
Knife
is for cutting planting materials and for
performing other operations in horticulture
Sprinklers
for watering seedlings and young plants
Water pails
for hauling water, manure and fertilizers
TOOLS
Sprayers
are for spraying insecticides,fungicides and
herbicides
Wheelbarrow
is used for hauling trash, manures, fertilizers,
planting materials and other equipment
Sickle
is a hand-held agricultural tool with a
variously
curved blade typically used for cutting
weeds.
PLOWS HARROW
FARM
NATIVE
IMPLEMENTS NATIVE
WOODEN
DISC
DISC
ROTAVATOR
FARM IMPLEMENTS
PLOWS
These are farm implements either pulled by a
working animal or a tractor. The plow is specifically used
for tilling large areas, making furrows and inter row
cultivation.
FARM
EQUIPMENTS
WATER
PUMP
FARM EQUIPMENTS
Hand Tractor
is used to pull a plow and harrow in
preparing a large area of land.
Four-wheel Tractor
is used to pull disc plow and disc
harrow in
preparing much bigger area of land.
Water Pumps
are used to draw irrigation water from a
OTHER FARM
EQUIPMENTS
Thresher Corn Dehusker
Rice Harvester
OTHER FARM
EQUIPMENTS
Grass Cutter Rice Seeder
Miller
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
Activity 1
Give at least 3 tools, 3 implements
and 3 equipment with their
corresponding uses.
Use your notebook as your answer
sheet.
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
DIRECTION: Complete the idea of each statement
by filling the blanks with the correct word or
words. Use your notebook as your answer sheet.
1. are farm implements either pulled
by a working animal or a tractor,
specifically used for tilling large areas,
making furrows or inter row cultivation.
2.The is an implement
mounted to a tractor used for tilling and
ENRICHMENT
3.The
ACTIVITY
is made of wood with a metal
teeth and pulled by a carabao, it is used for tilling and
pulverizing the soil.
4. is used to pull a plow and harrow
in preparing a large area of land.
5. Water pump is an used to draw
irrigation water from a source.
6. Four wheel tractor is used to pull disc plow and
in preparing much bigger area of land.
ENRICHMENT
ACTIVITY
7.is used in removing trash,
digging loose soil, moving soil from one place to
another and for mixing soil media.
8. Sprinklers – for watering seedlings and
young
.
9.Sprayers are for
insecticides, foliar fertilizers, fungicides and
herbicides.
10.is used for digging canals,
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
DIRECTION:
The left column in the table below
gives specific situations or tasks in
a farm or garden. At the opposite
side write the tools, implements or
equipment to be prepared that fits
to the tasks given. Use your
notebook as your answer sheet.
ASSESSMENT
DIRECTION: Choose the letter of the best
answer. Write your chosen letter on your
notebook.
1. You will prepare if your task is
to till large areas, make furrows and do inter
row cultivations in the absence of tractor and
disc machines.
A. thresher B . corn dehusker
C . rotavator D . native plow
ASSESSMENT
2. To till large areas and pulverize the soil you
need .
A. thresher B. corn dehusker
C. rotavator D. native plow
4. Biological
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
HAZARD
1.
Physiicnaclludes floors, stairs, work
platforms, steps, ladders,
fire,
falling objects, slippery
surfaces, manual handling
(lifting, pushing, pulling),
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
HAZARD
2. Mechanical and/or
elecintcrliucdael s electricity,
machinery,
equipment, pressure vessels,
dangerous goods, forklifts,
cranes, hoists
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
HAZARD
3. Chemical
includes chemical substances
such as acids or
poisons and
those that could lead to fire
or explosion, like pesticides,
herbicides, cleaning agents,
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
HAZARD
4. Biological
includes bacteria, viruses,
mold, mildew, insects, vermin,
and animals
5. Psychosocial
envri inocnlmudeens tworkplace
stressors arising from a variety
Farm workers—including
farm families and helpers—
are exposed to hazards
such as the following:
• chemicals/Pesticides
• cold
• dust
• electricity
Farm workers—including
farm families and helpers—
are exposed to hazards
such as the following:
• grain bins
• hand tools
• lifting
• livestock handling
Farm workers—including
farm families and helpers—
are exposed to hazards
such as the following:
• machinery/Equipment
• manure pits
• mud
• noise
Farm workers—including
farm families and helpers—
are exposed to hazards
such as the following:
• ponds
• slips/trips/falls
• sun/heat
• toxic gases
Farm workers—including
farm families and helpers—
are exposed to hazards
such as the following:
• tractors
• wells
POSSIBLE HAZARDS IN
AGRONOMICAL OPERATIONS
POSSIBLE HAZARDS IN
AGRONOMICAL OPERATIONS
POSSIBLE HAZARDS IN
AGRONOMICAL OPERATIONS
POSSIBLE HAZARDS IN
AGRONOMICAL OPERATIONS
POSSIBLE HAZARDS IN
AGRONOMICAL OPERATIONS
FOUR-STEP PROCESS OF RISK
MANAGEMENT
1. IDENTIFY the
hazariddentifying all situations or
events that could cause injury
or illness.
Eliminating or minimizing workplace
hazards needs a systematic approach. It
is essential to try and anticipate
possible hazards all at the
METHODS OF IDENTIFYING
HAZARDS
Injury and illness records
review your workers‘
compensation data and check
the incidence, mechanism and
agency of injury, and the cost
These stattoisttihcse
METHODS OF IDENTIFYING
HAZARDS
Staying informed trends
on and in
developments
workplace health and
safety, for example via the
internet or OHS publications
METHODS OF IDENTIFYING
HAZARDS
Reviewing the potential
impact of new work practices
or equipment introduced into
the workplace in line with
legislative requirements
METHODS OF IDENTIFYING
HAZARDS
Doing walk-through surveys,
inspections or safety audits in
the workplace to evaluate
the organization‘s health and
safety system
Considering OHS implications
when analyzing work
METHODS OF IDENTIFYING
HAZARDS
Investigating
workplace incidents and
“near hits” reports - in
some cases there may be
more than one hazard
contributing to an incident
METHODS OF IDENTIFYING
HAZARDS
Getting feedback from
employees can often provide
valuable information about
hazards, because they have
hands-on experience in their
work area
FOUR-STEP PROCESS OF RISK
MANAGEMENT
2. ASSESS the risk associated
with thehtahzisasrtdep involves
collecting
information
It is important for you and makingthe
to consider
extent of the harm or consequence from
decisions.
a hazard and the cause of harm that is
occurring. If your assessment is an
FOUR-STEP PROCESS OF RISK
MANAGEMENT
usnesasthisafrapctotroyolosr
wfaiuthltyciatuetmiosn. and
concentration to avoid cuts to
PROPER USE OF NURSERY TOOLS
AND EQUIPMENT
Use correct lifting methods when you
are lifting plants, tools and
equipment. Team lifts anything that
is too heavy for one person.
PROPER USE OF NURSERY TOOLS
AND EQUIPMENT
Do not overload wheelbarrows and
trolleys with soil or plants.
b. Amount of sunlight
c. Soil type.
CARE OF SEEDLINGS AND GROWING
PLANTS
Water and Irrigation
The amount of water seedlings
require depaen.dSs
up o n t h e fo ll
e e d li n g a g e o wing:
foolfloswuinngl:ight
5. 0
Watseeredshlionugclsd
l.ebae
Hardening off/Hardening
Postponing planting
PLANTING
If it‘s not possible to plant
when the seedlings are ready
for planting out (reached right
size for planting-1.5 ft) or the
seedlings are not bought; cut
the tips of the plant to
suppress further growth so
ROOT PRUNING
the cutting of roots to
control root
system
development beyond
the
c o n t a i n
The period and in t e rv a l o f
ROOT PRUNING
Procedure:
Water the seedlings properly before
root pruningU. sing a sharp
knife
the long or
roots
wire or scissors to the
underneath cut
container. You can also
uplift the containers
ROOT PRUNING
Water the seedlings well after root
pruning. This helps the plant withstand
Note thamt tooistruerdeuscterersos.ot
pruning, you can place the
seedlings on a bed of stones or on
polythene sheet and
tIhf
PRDamOage TandEdisaCsterTs in
categorized as follows:
IthOe nuNrsery may be
a. Weather conditions
This is damage caused by the
adverse weather conditions.
We can either regulate
watering or shading to comply
with prevailing weather
PRDamOage TandEdisaCsterTs in
categorized as follows:
IthOe nuNrsery may be
b. Human
This is stealing and/or
the damaging of
intentional humanbeings.
seedlingsand security are such
Fencing
by
options to overcome this.
PRDamOage TandEdisaCsterTs in
categorized as follows:
IthOe nuNrsery may be
c. Livestock and wild
Rodents such as field
animals
I 1.O N
d.
th
Insects
e nu
categorized as follows:
rsery may be
Thrips (Stenchaetothrips
biformis)- There is laceration of
the tender leaves and it the plant
sap is sucked. Young
seedlings show yellow (or)
silvery streaks on the leaves.
PRDamOage TandEdisaCsterTs in
categorized as follows:
IthOe nuNrsery may be
d. Insects
2. Green leafhopper
(Nephotettix
virescens)- The symptom of
damage is yellowing of leaves
from tip to downwards. Vector for
the disease is rice tungro virus
and the plant is characterized by
PRDamOage TandEdisaCsterTs in
categorized as follows:
IthOe nuNrsery may be
d. Insects
3. Rice worm
case
depunctalis)- (Nymphula The
caterpillars
feed on green tissues of the
leaves and leaves become whitish
papery
To .control, spray monocrotophos .
PRDamOage TandEdisaCsterTs in
categorized as follows:
IthOe nuNrsery may be
d. Insects
4. Paddy stemborer
(Scirpophaga
incertulas)- It causes drying of
the central shoot known as “dead
heart” and the panicle becomes
d
T o rcioendtrokl,nsoprwaynaanys o“f
PRDamOage TandEdisaCsterTs in
categorized as follows:
IthOe nuNrsery may be
d. Insects
5. Swarming caterpillar
(Spodoptera mauritia)- The
larvae cut the seedlings in
large scale. If
infestation happens, sever
grazing appearance wille be
PRDamOage TandEdisaCsterTs in
categorized as follows:
IthOe nuNrsery may be
Identification of swarming caterpillar
egg –laid in masses on leaves
and covered with grey hairs.
larva-caterpillar is cylindrical
dark to pale green with
lateral lines along the body.
PRDamOage TandEdisaCsterTs in
categorized as follows:
IthOe nuNrsery may be
Identification of swarming caterpillar
pupa - Pupates in an earthen
acodcuolton- Minostohilis
medium sized stoutly build.
Dark brown with a
conspicuous triangular spot on
COMMON DISEASES
Damping off
This is a fungal disease
caused by Pythium
spp.,Rhizoctonia salani. The
severity of the attack usually
increases with increase in soil
moisture. Damping off can
occur before germination,
COMMON DISEASES
Damping off
Conditions favorable for the spread of
high sothweindgisedaesnesiatrye;
over watering
using soil with partially
decomposed material
COMMON DISEASES
Powdery mildew
First, small white powdery
patches are formed on the leaf
surface and later the whole surface
of the leaf is covered with
white powdery mycelial colonies.
Damaged leaves gradually
defoliate. This affects the growth
COMMON DISEASES
Wilting
This is a dying bark of the
main shoot of a
seedling.
caused It by is mainly
overcrowding.
Separating the seedlings
or
immediate planting out can help
Cocnotnrtorlol it.measures:
optimum sowing density and use
TYPES OF PLANTING
MATERIALS
The planting materials or
propagules can be prepared
through seeds and by asexual
means. The asexual means of
propagation in most instances
is preferred, but there are
plant species that do not lend
themselves to this method of
METHODS OF PLANT
PROPAGATION
A. Propagation by seed – The use of
seed is the most practical and even the
cAhdevaapnesttagweasy of
o f
pursoipnaggasteioend.s
Parent plant
KINDS OF VEGETATIVE
PROPAGULES
3. Suckers
adventitious roots that arise from
underground stems below
the ground.
KINDS OF VEGETATIVE
PROPAGULES
4. Corms
underground solid stem
structures that contain nodes
and internodes; the corm can
5.Roboet fcuuseed
rttthienrgsdivided
pieces
into
these are used in propagating
several
KINDS OF VEGETATIVE
PROPAGULES
6. Leaf bud cuttings
these are derived from axillary
buds in stem and leaf; the
stem bearing buds are cut
into pieces and inserted in a
rooting medium
(example: blackpepper)
KINDS OF VEGETATIVE
PROPAGULES
7. Stem cutting
these can be used in
propagating grapes, vanilla
8.Asexually propagated
materials produced from
layerage, marcotting, graftage,
budding
Rules:
1.Listen when
someone else is talking.
2.Wait for your turn
to speak.
3. Take
notCelasos,f kitnhdley
important
rpeaodinoutrsr.ules
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS AN
COMMUNICATION D
In order to succeed with
your interpersonal relations, you
must be able to speak
authentically, passionately, and
confidently and be able to
convey your personal thoughts
and ideas articulately.
Not only do you need to convey
What are the
steps to
become a
good listener?
GOOD LISTENER
1. First, you must physically hear the other
person.
If you cannot hear, politely move to
another environment, insist that the other
person speaks louder, or perhaps have
your hearing checked by a professional if
you
2. Sfeeeclonyodu, yhoauvemauhset
GOOD LISTENER
3. Understand what you have heard and deciphered
Which means that you can make sense of
the words that were spoken. Some
conversations may be very easy to
4.Ounncdeerystoaundhawvheilheeoatrhde
,rds emcaipyhbeerevde,ryand
things
d by
if f responding
i c u lt . in kind.
und e r s t o o d the information that
Responding is simply giving observable feedback to the
other been
has person. given,
Typical responses
you mustare small gestures like a
acknowledge
GOOD LISTENER
5. The final step of being a good
listener is the ability to remember
and recall the information that is
presented to you.
Do you have trouble remembering
name
of person you just met? Are you
occasionally reminded of something you
supposedly said but don‘t recall?
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS AN
COMMUNICATION D
Another major component of
interpersonal relations is body language.
According to social scientists, verbal
communication skills account for only 7%
of the communication process. The
other 93% consists of nonverbal and
symbolic communication called body
language.
Body language is the sum of messages
Objective:
a. Discuss good writing
characteristics
Another vital
communication skill in
dealing with people
especially if you are in
business is how to
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS AN
COMMUNICATION D