CHAPTER 5

Lesson 3:

Global Migration
THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
 WHAT IS
GLOBAL
MIGRATION?
GLOBAL
MIGRATION
• Refers to the movement of people across international borders
within the intention of establishing a new residence in a foreign
country.

• It is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon influenced by

various factors, including economic, social, political, and
environmental conditions.
The Post-American World

The rise of the “rest” includes not only states rather

even the non-state actors.

In the idea of Huntington (1996), he claimed that

Asian civilizations are expanding its economic,
political, and military strength.

This era was the period where states and non-state

actors are rising, an era where the balancing of
power is unstable. The three classifications turned
into so-called Developed and Developing states.
Developed countries are the westerners and those countries that are part of
the northwestern hemisphere.

Developing countries are the states which has low income rate. The latter
are the countries from the region of Africa and Asia.

These classifications emerge because of economic inequalities of states and in the societal
level of analysis people who are facing low income salary tried to move from one place to
another promising for a new life.
MIGRATION IS...
Migration is...
- refers to the movement of individuals, either seasonal or long term, from one place to
another for various reasons.

- defined as the form of social behavior that both shapes and is shaped by broader social
and economic structure and processes of transformation (International Migration Institute,
2011).

- it is not just economic gain but rather it is more political (Boswell, 2002).
 TWO TYPES OF GLOBAL
MIGRATION
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERNAL MIGRATION
People cross borders of one country to Refers to people moving from one area to
another another within the one country.
International Migration can be further broken
down into 5 groups
• IMMIGRANTS
It refers to the people who move permanently to another country.

• TEMPORARY MIGRANTS
It refers to the people who stay in another another country for a fixed period
(at least 6 months in a year)

• ILLEGAL MIGRANTS
It refers to the people who lives or works in another country when they do not have the legal rights
in that country..

• FORCED MIGRANTS
Whose families have "petitioned" them to move to the destination country.

• REFUGEES (ASYLUM-SEEKERS)
Those unable or unwilling to return because of a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion,
nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.
 INTERNAL
MIGRATION countries.
• is a type of voluntary migration where people move within their own

CATEGORIES OF INTERNAL
MIGRATION

-Environmental
-Economic
-Political
ENVIRONME
With NTAL
climate change posing a threat to coastal areas around the world, people are also choosing to migrate inland to
prevent being impacted by flooding. It's important to distinguish that these types of internal migrants are still voluntary, but
once regions become inhospitable due to climate change, they are known as climate refugees, a type of forced migrant.

ECONO
MIC
Money and opportunity are motivators for people to move. Since the industrial revolution, migrants have moved from rural
areas to cities in Western nations seeking job opportunities, and countries like China see this phenomenon currently playing
out. Moving from one place to another within a country in search of better pay or lower costs of living are major causes of
internal migration

POLITIC
ALare yet another cause of internal migration. If someone's government is making decisions they disagree with, they
Politics
might be motivated enough to move to a different city, state, province, etc.
What is the difference between Emigrant
and Immigrant?
Immigrant is used when talking about the country moved to while
Emigrant is used when talking about the country moved from.

IMMIGRATION EMIGRATION

"You is an immigrant of Europe." "You is an emigrant from the

Philippines."
WHY DO PEOPLE
MIGRATE?
There are many possible reasons that humans might migrate:
economic reasons, social reasons, and physical reasons. Economic
factors include things like searching for jobs or higher pay. Social
and physical reasons usually involve forcible migration, like fleeing
from persecution or intolerance or a natural disaster. But reasons for
migration can also be split into push or pull factors.
PUSH
FACTORS
Push factors are forceful reasons that cause people to
leave their residence. They include aspects such as:

• War
• Poverty
• Flood
• Droughts
• High crime
• Lack of safety
• Lack of education
 PULL
FACTORS
Pull factors incorporate reasons people want to
move into a certain region.

• political stability
• lots of jobs
• natural resources
• better learning institutions
• better climate.
 SENDING
COUNTRIES
are those from which individuals or groups emigrate or leave to settle in other
countries.

RECEIVING
COUNTRIES
also known as host or destination countries, are the countries that attract and accommodate
migrants from other countries. These countries experience a net inflow of people.
 Sending Receiving
Countries Countries
• Mexico • United States
• Germany
• India
• Canada
• China
• Australia
• The Philippines
Benefits of Sending Countries?
1. Remittances: Migration can lead to significant financial benefits for sending
countries through remittances.

2. Skills and Knowledge Transfer: Migrants who acquire new skills, knowledge,
and experiences in receiving countries can bring them back to their home countries.

3. Reduced Unemployment Pressure: Outward migration can alleviate pressure on

the labor market in sending countries, particularly in cases where there is high
unemployment or underemployment.
Benefits of Receiving Countries?
1. Economic Growth: Migrants in receiving countries contribute to economic growth
by filling labor market gaps, particularly in sectors with labor shortages.

2. Cultural Enrichment: Migrants bring diverse cultural backgrounds, traditions, and

perspectives, enhancing the cultural fabric of receiving countries.

3. Demographic Benefits: Receiving countries with aging populations or low birth

rates can benefit from migration by addressing demographic challenges.
Challenges of Sending Countries

• Brain Drain: The emigration of highly skilled individuals can

lead to a brain drain, where sending countries lose valuable human
capital and expertise.

• Social Disruption: Migration can result in social disruption,

particularly when families are separated or communities experience
a loss of skilled workers.
Challenges of Receiving Countries??
• Labor Market Competition: Migrants may compete with native workers for job
opportunities, potentially leading to concerns about job displacement or wage
suppression for certain segments of the workforce.

• Integration and Social Cohesion: Receiving countries may face challenges

related to the integration of migrants into their societies. Language barriers,
cultural differences, and discriminatory attitudes can hinder social cohesion and
create tensions.
THE EFFECTS OF GLOBAL MIGRATION IN
GLOBALIZATION
• In migration, migrants can fill jobs, bringing in new perspectives and ideas,
and increasing diversity .

• International migration itself generates processes of globalization,

including the global transfer of money and goods; the emergence of global
cities; and growing social and cultural diversity.
Huntington’s Eight Global
Civilizations
• Connectedness of nations, ethnicities, and states are the new trends in international
arena. Civilizations became Global Civilizations.

• In the book of Samuel Huntington (1996) The Clash of the Civilization, global
civilizations are determined into eight (8) categories.
The Eight Global Civilizations are the:

• The Westerns
• The Latin Americans
• Islamic civilization
• The Sinic or the Chinese civilization
• The Hindu
• Orthodox
• Japanese
• The African
 At present, people from these global civilizations tried to move from one
place to another just to have an economic stability, good life, and democratic
freedom that his/her country don’t have.
Some globalists suggest that there is the factor of socio-morality that undermine
the movement of people from one place to another.
 THANK
YOU!
PRESENTED BY: CHERRIE MAE Z. BALANSIN
 References:
clifforddlc. (2021, January 6). The Global Migration| The Contemporary World [Video]
YouTube. https://youtu.be/8poXKrlMY_I?si=2b2oLA6btJNalSrw

https://study.com/learn/lesson/push-pull-factors-of-migration-what-are-push-pull-factors.html

https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/human-geography/population-geography/internal-
migration/

https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/3/international-migration-a-canary-in-the-coalmine-of-globalisation/#:~:text=On
%20the%20other%20hand%2C%20international,movement%20of%20labour%20remains%20restricted.