WATER INSTITUTE

GENERAL STUDIES
DEPARTMENT

Module Code :- GDT04102

Name: - Basic Computer Application
 THE
INTERNET
The internet is used to send information
quickly between computers around the
world
 The internet was developed in the United States by
the "United States Department of Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency" (DARPA).
It was first connected in October, 1969,and was
called ARPANET.
The World Wide Web was created
at CERN in Switzerland in 1990 by
a British (UK) man named Tim Berners-Lee.
 Today, people can pay money to access the internet
from internet service providers. Some services on the
Internet cost nothing to use. Sometimes the people
who offer these free services use advertising to make
money from them.
The alternative (other) name, "net" came from
"inter(net)".
•The Internet or "Net" (network of networks) is the largest computer network in
the world that connects billions of computer users.
The word internet comes from combination between "interconnection" and
"Network“
•Network is a collection of computers and devices connected via communication
channels and transmission media allow to share resources (hardware, software, data,
information).
• Internet is defined as an interconnection of networks. Or The Internet is a vast
network that connects computers all over the world
• Internet is a global communication system that links together thousands of
individual networks.
• It allows exchange of information between two or more computers on a network.
Thus internet helps in transfer of messages through mail, chat, video & audio
conference, etc. It has become mandatory for day-to-day activities: bills payment,
online shopping and surfing, tutoring, working, communicating with peers, etc.
• The World Wide Web is the first thing that comes to mind
when most people think of the internet. The phrases
"internet" and "World Wide Web" are frequently used
interchangeably nowadays, however they are not
synonymous.

• The World Wide Web -- also known as the web, WWW or

W3 -- refers to all the public websites or pages that users
can access on their local computers and other devices
through the internet.
• The World Wide Web is just a small part of the Internet as
a whole
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is a protocol
that secures communication and data transfer between a
user's web browser and a website 8
• The internet relates to all the hardware and software
involved, as well as including the WWW, also includes
FTP, email and newsgroups
• The World Wide Web is a virtual network of web sites
connected by hyperlinks (or "links"). Web sites are
stored on servers on the internet, so the World Wide
Web is a part of the internet.
• The WWW is basically the text and pictures that you
can view using your web browser, such as Microsoft
Internet Explorer, or Netscape Navigator

Web page -Is A document which can be displayed

in a web browser such as Firefox, Google Chrome,
Opera, Microsoft Edge, or Apple Safari. These are
also often called just "pages
Website - Is A collection of web pages which are grouped together and usually
connected together in various ways. Often called a "website" or a "site.“

A web browser is a type of software that allows you to find and view websites
on the Internet
Browser – a software program that allows users to access and display websites
or webpages (documents, images, video, music, etc.) on the internet.
Google Chrome

 Mozilla Firefox

Safari
Opera

Internet Explorer

."
SEARCH ENGINE Is A web service that helps you find
other web pages, such as Google, Bing, Yahoo, or
DuckDuckGo. Search engines are normally accessed
through a web browser (e.g. you can perform search
engine searches directly in the address bar of Firefox,
Chrome, etc.) or through a web page (e.g. bing.com or
duckduckgo.com).
A URL, short for a uniform resource locator is a web address
pointing to a specific website, a web page, or a document on
the internet.
• What Is an Example of a URL Address
• Waterinstitute’s full URL is
• https://www.waterinstitute.ac.tz/ and typing it on a
 Internet Terminologies - Domain names

• The domain name refers to the name of the web server and is usually selected
to be the same as the name of the company, and the extension will indicate its
type.
• The extension is known as the global top-level domain (gTLD). There are also
some 250 country-code top level domains (ccTLD).
Some common gTLDs are:
• .com represents an international or American company such as www.travel-
agency.com
• .co.uk represents a company based in the UK such as www.thomascook.co.uk
• .ac.uk for a UK university (e.g. www.aston.ac.uk)
• .org.uk or .org are for not-for-profit organizations (e.g. www.greenpeace.org)
• .edu (educational institution)
• .gov (government)
• .net (network)
• .org (organization)
 The top list of academic search engines

1. Google Scholar
Google Scholar is the clear number one when it comes to academic search engines. It's the power of Google searches applied
to research papers and patents. It not only let's you find research papers for all academic disciplines for free, but also often
provides links to full text PDF file.
• 2. Microsoft Academic
• It's Microsoft answer to Google Scholar. Microsoft Academic takes a different approach and generates for each paper that is
indexed an overview page that allows to easily explore top citing articles and references of the article.
• 3. BASE
• BASE is hosted at Bielefeld University in Germany and that's where it name stems from (Bielefeld Academic Search Engine).
• 4. CORE
• CORE is an academic search engine dedicated to open access research papers. For each search result a link to the full text
PDF or full text web page is provided.
• 5. Science.gov
• Science.gov is a fantastic resource as it bundles and offers free access to search results from more than 15 U.S. federal
agencies. There is no need any more to query all those resources separately!
• Semantic Scholar
• Semantic Scholar is the new kid on the block. It's mission is to provide more relevant and impactful search results using AI
powered algorithms that find hidden connections and links between research topics.
• 7. Baidu Scholar
• Although Baidu Scholar's interface is in Chinese it's index contains research papers in English as well as Chinese.
• 8. RefSeek
• RefSeek searches more than one billion documents from academic and organizational websites. Its clean interface makes it
especially easy to use for students and new researchers.
ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET
1. SOURCE OF INFORMATION
The main advantage of the internet is a source of information. The
internet is full of thousands of knowledgeable websites and valuable
content. You can find all types of solutions via internet sites, whether
academic or scientific information. The internet has made life easier and
more flexible. Moreover, students can research their subjects or
assignments at home.
2. SOURCE OF ENTERTAINMENT
The internet provides a lot of entertainment to its users in several ways.
You can listen to music, play games, watch movies, and chat via social
networking sites. The internet provides many free entertaining websites
for people to talk about and share their content. It is difficult to get
bored on the internet since there's an eternal means of fun.
 3. KEEP INFORMED
The internet keeps you up to date with news regularly. Without waiting for news
headlines, you can easily access current news on the internet within seconds. Twitter,
Facebook, and Instagram are all social media platforms that allow users to stay aware
of current affairs worldwide.

4. ONLINE SHOPPING
Over the last two decades, both consumers and retailers have benefited from the rise
of online shopping. With the convenience of mobiles or laptops, consumers can easily
access an array of products with just a few clicks. An internet user can purchase many
goods at a reasonable price. Furthermore, your required goods are supplied to your
residence, which is convenient. And online shopping is regarded to be more
advantageous than traditional shopping.
5 ONLINE BANKING
Another advantage of using the internet is online banking. Due to online marketing, the
transfer of payments is also going online. Many online banking services are available
on the internet, allowing you to transfer money from one location to another regardless
of whether the bank is open. There is no need to visit a physical bank if you use online
banking services. You can finish your transaction from the comfort of your own home.
6. COMMUNICATION
The internet is beneficial for communication. It offers a variety of free
communication platforms, including Facebook, Zoom, Twitter, and
LinkedIn. Thanks to the Internet, individuals can be connected via email,
video conferencing, chatting, blogs, and news feeds.

7. SOCIAL NETWORKING
The internet's primary benefit is that it allows you to remain connected.
You can reach anyone, anywhere on the globe, at any time. You can
quickly communicate with friends and family no matter where they are.
Different internet applications allow you to communicate all over the
world.
8. EARN MONEY ON THE INTERNET
Many freelancing marketplaces are available online, where you can sell
your services and get paid immediately. Making your website,
freelancing, affiliate marketing, and many other options are available.
9. ONLINE LEARNING
We can now learn and teach more effectively due to the
Internet. The Internet offers a variety of learning and teaching
resources to its consumers, including well-researched subject-
related content, video lectures, and online instruction. The
online videos, lectures, and notes have made the learning
process unique.
DISADVANTAGES OF
INTERNET
1. A WASTE OF TIME
The main disadvantage of the internet is that it wastes time.
Most internet users waste a lot of time on social networking
sites while doing nothing productive. Users become addicted
to these online services because of this activity. And this
diverts users from other productive pursuits in their lives.
2. PRIVACY EXPOSURE
The internet has a significant impact on human privacy and
personal data. Many websites on the internet are insecure.
Certain uneducated internet users use those websites, and
their personal information is hacked in unethical ways.
3. VIRUS/MALWARE
An internet virus or malware is harmful software that damages
your data or slows down your computer's performance. Email,
removable media, and downloading infected files from the
internet can propagate this virus. As a result, use the internet
with caution.
4. ONLINE THREATENING OR HARASSMENT
Social media sites like Facebook, Whatsapp, and Instagram are used to
steal much personal information. The attacker first obtains your personal
information and then targets you for harassment. This can also lead to
criminal activity
5. NOT SAFE PLACE FOR CHILDREN
The internet is unsafe for children because many unethical and
pornographic websites harm the younger generation. Students get
disconnected from their studies, which leads to distraction from
education.
6. MONEY FRAUD
Internet fraud is a scheme that involves offering fraudulent
advertisements and requesting advance payments via email, websites,
chat rooms, or message boards. Advertisers mislead customers and gain
all their bank account information using this type of fraud conducted
over the internet. So, be on the lookout for these schemes when
utilizing the internet.
7. CYBERBULLYING
Cyberbullying is an online form of harassment. It's most common in
gaming and social media platforms. People make disparaging or
hateful remarks about cyberbullying victims, humiliating them.
8. WRONG INFORMATION
Although the internet is regarded as the primary source of
information, some websites include inaccurate and worthless
information. Sometimes, Users can have trouble distinguishing
between what is correct and what is incorrect material.
9. HEALTH ISSUES
Excessive use of the internet causes many health issues. People who
use the internet suffer from eye strain, migraines, bad posture, lack of
sleep, depression, and stress. People are becoming victims of such
dangerous diseases due to the internet, distracting them from their
daily healthy activities.