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    Microscopic Features of Gingiva

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    Sahin mollick
    The oral mucosa consists of three zones: the masticatory mucosa covering the gingiva and hard palate, the specialized mucosa on the tongue dorsum, and the oral mucous membrane lining the rest of the oral cavity. The gingiva is the part of the oral mucosa surrounding the teeth and can be divided into four anatomical zones: the marginal gingiva, attached gingiva, interdental gingiva/papilla, and gingival sulcus. Microscopically, the gingiva contains epithelial and connective tissue components, with the epithelial layers undergoing parakeratinization.

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    Microscopic Features of Gingiva

    Uploaded by

    Sahin mollick
    97 views17 pages
    The oral mucosa consists of three zones: the masticatory mucosa covering the gingiva and hard palate, the specialized mucosa on the tongue dorsum, and the oral mucous membrane lining the rest of the oral cavity. The gingiva is the part of the oral mucosa surrounding the teeth and can be divided into four anatomical zones: the marginal gingiva, attached gingiva, interdental gingiva/papilla, and gingival sulcus. Microscopically, the gingiva contains epithelial and connective tissue components, with the epithelial layers undergoing parakeratinization.

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    The oral mucosa consists of three zones: the masticatory mucosa covering the gingiva and hard palate, the specialized mucosa on the tongue dorsum, and the oral mucous membrane lining the rest of the oral cavity. The gingiva is the part of the oral mucosa surrounding the teeth and can be divided into four anatomical zones: the marginal gingiva, attached gingiva, interdental gingiva/papilla, and gingival sulcus. Microscopically, the gingiva contains epithelial and connective tissue components, with the epithelial layers undergoing parakeratinization.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    97 views17 pages

    Microscopic Features of Gingiva

    Uploaded by

    Sahin mollick
    The oral mucosa consists of three zones: the masticatory mucosa covering the gingiva and hard palate, the specialized mucosa on the tongue dorsum, and the oral mucous membrane lining the rest of the oral cavity. The gingiva is the part of the oral mucosa surrounding the teeth and can be divided into four anatomical zones: the marginal gingiva, attached gingiva, interdental gingiva/papilla, and gingival sulcus. Microscopically, the gingiva contains epithelial and connective tissue components, with the epithelial layers undergoing parakeratinization.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Oral Mucosa

    The oral mucosa consists of the following three zones:

    1. Masticatory mucosa : The gingiva and the covering


    of the hard palate .

    2. Specialized mucosa: The dorsum of the tongue

    3. Oral mucous membrane: lining the remainder of


    the oral cavity
    Components of the Periodontium
    • Gingiva
    • Periodontal ligament (PDL)
    • Cementum
    • Alveolar process

    The gingiva is that part of the


    oral mucosa that covers the
    alveolar processes of the jaws
    and surrounds the necks of
    the teeth
    Macroscopically, the gingiva can be divided into four anatomic zones

    Marginal Gingiva
    Attached Gingiva
    Interdental Gingiva
    Gingival Sulcus

    Marginal gingiva: “free gingiva,”


    it forms the terminal unattached border of gingiva
    surrounding the cervical area of a tooth.
    It is sometimes separated from the attached gingiva
    by a free gingival groove.
    Gingival sulcus: a shallow, v-shaped crevice around
    every tooth that is bound on the inside by the tooth
    surface, outside by the sulcular epithelium, and at the
    apical region by the gingival epithelial attachment
    (junctional epithelium, JE).

    Histologic depth : 1.8 mm


    Clinical probing depth : 2 to 3 mm
    Attached gingiva : Is continuous with the marginal
    gingiva. It is firm, resilient, and tightly bound to the
    underlying periosteum of alveolar bone.
    The facial aspect of the attached gingiva extends to
    the relatively loose and movable alveolar mucosa.
    It is demarcated by the mucogingival junction

    The width of the attached gingiva is another important


    clinical parameter.
    It is the distance between the mucogingival junction
    and the projection on the external surface of the bottom
    of the gingival sulcus or the periodontal pocket.

    It should not be confused with the width of the keratinized gingiva, although this also includes the marginal gingiva
    The width of the attached gingiva

    Incisor region :3.5 to 4.5 mm in the maxilla.


    3.3 to 3.9 mm in the mandible.

    Posterior segments :1.9 mm in the maxillary


    first premolars
    1.8 mm in the mandibular

    first premolars

    Lingual aspect of the mandible: the attached gingiva terminates


    at the junction of the lingual alveolar mucosa, which is
    continuous with the mucous membrane that lines the floor of
    the mouth.

    The palatal surface of the attached gingiva in the maxilla blends


    imperceptibly with the equally firm and resilient palatal mucosa.
    Interdental gingiva/papilla: occupies the
    interproximal
    space/embrasure cervical to the contact points of
    teeth.

    The papilla is “pyramidal” in shape (single apex/tip


    cervical to the contact point) between anterior
    teeth and “col” shaped (two tips, facial and lingual,
    just cervical to the contact area with a valley-like
    depression connecting them) between posterior
    teeth.
    Interdental papillae (arrow) with a An absence of interdental papillae and
    central portion formed by the col where the proximal tooth contact is
    attached gingiva. The shape of the missing
    papillae varies according to the
    dimension of the gingival embrasure
    Microscopic Features

    EPITHELIAL COMPONENTS

    CONNECTIVE TISSUE COMPONENTS


    The primary cell type of stratified squamous epithelium is the keratinocyte.

    Degrees of keratinization
    • Orthokeratinization: completely keratinized, with a well-demarcated superficial horny
    layer (stratum corneum) with no nuclei and a well-defined underlying stratum
    granulosum

    • Parakeratinization: less differentiated and keratinized, with pyknotic nuclei in the most
    superficial layers; the stratum granulosum is not well defined. This is most common in
    the gingiva

    • Non-keratinized: surface cells are nucleated, showing no signs of keratinization

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