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FCAW Complete Presentation

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FLUX CORED ARC WELDING

FCAW - SS
Innershield®

FCAW - GS
Outershield®

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


What is FCAW-SS?
FCAW-SS = Flux Cored Arc Welding-Self Shielded
• Innershield® Welding
• Process Developed by Lincoln Electric
• Tubular Wire with Fluxing
Agents Inside the Core to
Protect the Weld
• Most Electrodes Operate
DCEN (DC-) polarity,
some on DCEP (DC+)

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


FCAW-SS
A flux cored arc welding process variation that uses
an arc between a continuous filler metal electrode
and the weld pool in which
shielding is obtained
exclusively from the flux
within the electrode and
without the application
of pressure.

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Advantages
• Outdoor Usability

• Minimize Restarts

• No Shielding Gas
Costs

• High Deposition Rates

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Advantages continued
• Mechanical Properties

• Effective Smoke
Removal

• Dirty Steels & Off


Analysis Steels

• All Position Welding

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Limitations
• Smoke and Fumes

• Spatter

• Slag (Cleaning Time)

• Break Electrode to
Restrike

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


What is FCAW-GS?
FCAW-GS = Flux Cored Arc Welding-Gas Shielded
• Outershield® Welding & “Double Shield” Welding
• Tubular Wire With
Fluxing Agents Inside
the Core
• Used With An
External Shielding Gas
• All Electrodes Operate
on DCEP (DC+) Polarity

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


FCAW-GS
A flux cored arc welding process variation that uses
an arc between a continuous
filler metal electrode
and the weld pool in which
shielding gas is supplied
through the gas nozzle
without the application of
pressure, in addition to
that obtained from the flux
within the electrode.

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Advantages
• Bead Appearance

• Little to No Spatter

• High Deposition Rates

• Mechanical Properties

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Advantages continued
• High Efficiencies (90+
%)

• Easy Re-strike

• All Position Welding

• Low Hydrogen Weld


Deposits

10

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Limitations
• Smoke and Fumes
• Portability
• Outdoor Weldability
• Potential for Gas
Marks
• High Radiated Heat
• Slag

11

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Flux Cored Arc Welding

Safety

12
Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.
Safety

Eye and Ear Protection

Welding Helmet with Lens Shade Number

Welding Coverings

Proper Attire

13

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Eye & Ear Protection

Ear Plugs

Goggles

Safety Glasses
Hearing Protectors

14

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Welding Helmet

15

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


AWS/ANSI Lens Shade Numbers

LENS SHADES SELECTION FOR FLUX CORED ARC WELDING


Minimum Suggested *
Electrode Size Arc Protective Shade No.
Operation in. (mm) Current (A) Shade (Comfort)

FCAW Less than 60 7 10


Not Specified
60-160 8 12
Per
160-250 10 12
AWS / ANSI
250-550 11 14

* As a rule of thumb, start with a shade that is too dark to see the weld zone. Then go to a lighter
shade, which gives sufficient view of the weld zone without going below the minimum.

16

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Welding Coverings

Leather Welding Apron Leather Welding Jacket

Leather Welding Gloves

Leather Cape Sleeves/Bib Leather Welding Trousers

17

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Proper Attire

18

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Safety
Electrical Hazards

Fumes and Gases

Arc Radiation

Fire or Explosion

Hazards in the Work Area

Compressed Gas Hazards

19

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Electrical Hazards
• High Voltage Can Kill
• Do Not Operate With Covers Removed
• Disconnect Input Power Before Servicing
• Do Not Touch Electrically Live Parts

• Electrical Shock Can Kill


• Do Not Touch Electrode With Skin or Wet Clothing
• Insulate Yourself From Work and Ground

20

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Fumes & Gases
• Welding May Produce Hazardous
Fumes And Gases

• Shielding Gases Can Displace Air and May Cause


Injury or Death

• Use Ventilation To Keep Air Breathing Zone Clear

• Do Not Weld Near Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

21

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Arc Radiation
• Electric Arc Welding Rays Can Burn
Eyes and Skin

• Always Use a Helmet When Arc Welding

• Select Appropriate Filter Lens

• Wear Appropriate Clothing

• Provide Non-Flammable Shielding to Protect Others

22

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Fire or Explosion
• Remove Flammable Materials From
The Welding Area

• Keep a Fire Extinguisher in the Welding Area

• Wear Fire Retardant Clothing

• Do Not Weld on Containers Which Have Held


Combustible Materials

23

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


General Area Hazards
• Keep Power Source Cables, Welding
Materials and Tools Neatly Organized
• Connect Work Cable as Close as
Possible to the Weld Area
• Do Not Allow Alternative Circuits Through Scaffold
Cables, Hoist Chains, or Ground Leads
• Use Only Properly Grounded Equipment
• Always Disconnect Power to Arc Welding
Equipment Before Servicing

24

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Compressed Gas Hazards
• Cylinders may Explode if Damaged

• Keep Cylinders Upright and Chained to Support

• Keep Cylinder Free from Sparks and Out of the


Spark Zone

• Never Allow Welding Electrode to Touch the Cylinder

25

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Safety Video

26

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Flux Cored Arc Welding

Basic Electricity:
Transformer Design

27
Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.
Basic Transformer Design

28

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Transformer

Single Phase Input


High Volts High Amps
Low Amps Low Volts

29

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Reactor

Selects Output
Welding Current

30

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Bridge Rectifier

Changes AC to DC

31

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Inductance Coil

Smoothes / Filters
DC Output

32

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Summary
Reactor Inductance Coil
Selects Output Smoothes / Filters
Welding Current DC Output

Transformer Bridge Rectifier


Single Phase Input Changes AC to DC
High Volts High Amps
Low Amps Low Volts

33

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Basic Electricity Video

34

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Flux Cored Arc Welding

INVERTER
TECHNOLOGY

35
Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.
Inverter Technology

36

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Rectifier

AC - 50/60 Hz DC - Rippled
High Voltage High Voltage
Low Amperage Low Amperage

37

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Filter

DC - Rippled DC - Smooth
High Voltage High Voltage
Low Amperage Low Amperage

38

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


IGBT

DC - Smooth DC - 20 K Hz
High Voltage High Voltage
Low Amperage Low Amperage

39

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor

DC - Smooth DC - 20,000 Hz
High Voltage High Voltage
Low Amperage Low Amperage

40

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Iron at 200,000 Cycles

“It is a Well Known Fact That


Transformers, Operating at
Higher Frequency, Are Lighter
and More Efficient”
Alex Anderson, EFW
November 10, 1911
Paper Presented to AIEE

41

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Iron at 200,000 Cycles
F (Hz) Wt (Kg) Eff (%)
60 19.5 90
1,740 3.05 96
10,000 2.7 97
50,000 1.9 98.1
100,000 1.7 98.2
200,000 1.5 98.3

Alex Anderson, EFW


November 10, 1911
Paper Presented to AIEE

42

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Transformer

AC - 20 K Hz AC - 20 K Hz
High Voltage Low Voltage
Low Amperage High Amperage

43

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Rectifier

AC - 20 K Hz DC - Rippled
Low Voltage Low Voltage
High Amperage High Amperage

44

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Choke

DC - Rippled DC - Smooth
Low Voltage Low Voltage
High Amperage High Amperage

45

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Summary

DC - Smooth AC - 20,000 Hz DC - Smooth


High Voltage High Voltage Low Voltage
Low Amperage Low Amperage High Amperage

AC - 50/60 Hz DC - Rippled AC - 20,000 Hz DC - Rippled


High Voltage High Voltage Low Voltage Low Voltage
Low Amperage Low Amperage High Amperage High Amperage

46

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Benefits

More Efficient = Lower Cost Operation

Lighter Weight = More Portable

Smaller Size = More Compact

Advanced Design = Superior Output

47

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Inverter Technology Video

48

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Flux Cored Arc Welding

Chopper
Technology

49
Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.
Chopper Technology

Inductor
Transformer Rectifier Filter IGBT and
Diode
Arc Control

50

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Transformer

Transformer

AC - 50/60 Hz AC - 50/60 Hz
High Voltage Low Voltage
Low Amperage High Amperage

51

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Rectifier

Transformer Rectifier

AC - 50/60 Hz DC - Rippled
Low Voltage Low Voltage
High Amperage High Amperage

52

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Filter

Transformer Rectifier Filter

DC - Rippled DC - Smooth
Low Voltage Low Voltage
High Amperage High Amperage

53

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


IGBT

Transformer Rectifier Filter IGBT

DC - Smooth DC - 20 K Hz
Low Voltage Low Voltage
High Amperage High Amperage

54

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor

DC - Smooth DC - 20,000 Hz
Low Voltage Low Voltage
High Amperage High Amperage

55

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Inductor and Diode

Inductor
Transformer Rectifier Filter IGBT and
Diode

DC - 20 K Hz DC - Smooth
Low Voltage Low Voltage
High Amperage High Amperage

56

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Arc Control

Inductor
Transformer Rectifier Filter IGBT and
Diode
Arc Control

Arc Control
Opens / Closes
IGBT

57

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Summary
DC - Rippled DC - Smooth Arc Control
Low Voltage Low Voltage Opens / Closes
High Amperage High Amperage IGBT

Inductor
Transformer Rectifier Filter IGBT and
Diode
Arc Control

AC - 50/60 Hz AC - 50/60 Hz DC - 20 K Hz DC - Smooth


High Voltage Low Voltage Low Voltage Low Voltage
Low Amperage High Amperage High Amperage High Amperage

58

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Benefits

Component Cost = Lower Cost


Parts

Advanced Design = Superior Output

59

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Flux Cored Arc Welding

Principles of the FCAW


Process

60
Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.
Principles of the FCAW-SS Process
• Electric Arc Between Electrode & Work, Melts
the Electrode & Fuses the Joint
• Weld Metal & Slag Form
• The Slag is Lighter than
the Molten Metal &
Rises to the Top
• DC Polarity

61

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Principles of the FCAW-GS Process
• Electric Arc Between Electrode & Work, Melts
the Electrode & Fuses the Joint
• Weld Metal & Slag Form
• The Slag is Lighter than
the Molten Metal &
Rises to the Top
• DC Polarity

62

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


FCAW-SS - Equipment Components
• Constant Voltage (CV)
Power Source
• Constant Speed Wire
Feeder
• Gun and Cables
• Consumable Cored
Wire Electrode

63

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


FCAW-GS - Equipment Components
• Constant Voltage (CV)
Power Source
• Constant Speed Wire
Feeder
• Gun and Cables
• Shielding Gas Kit and
Gas Cylinder
• Consumable Cored
Wire Electrode

64

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Flux Cored Arc Welding

Power Sources

65
Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.
Lincoln Equipment - CV

SP-135T SP-175T

SP-135+ SP-175+

66

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Lincoln Equipment - CV

Power MIG 255 Power MIG 215

67

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Lincoln Equipment - CV

CV-400 CV-655

CV-305

68

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Lincoln Equipment - CC/CV
DC-400 DC-600

DC-655

69

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Lincoln Equipment - Inverter

PW-355M

V350-PRO

70

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Lincoln Equipment - Inverter
PW-455M PW-455M/STT

71

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Lincoln Equipment - Chopper (CC/CV)
MULTI-WELD 350

72

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Lincoln Equipment - Chopper (CC/CV)
Power MIG 350MP

73

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Lincoln Equipment - Engine Drives

RANGER GXT
RANGER 10,000

RANGER 3-Phase

74

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Lincoln Equipment - Engine Drives (Chopper)
RANGER 250 / 250LPG RANGER 305G / 305D

75

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Lincoln Equipment - Engine Drives
SAE-400 / Severe Duty

76

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Lincoln Equipment - Engine Drives
PIPELINER 200G / 200D CLASSIC 300G / 300D

77

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Lincoln Equipment - Engine Drives (Chopper)
VANTAGE 500 AIR VANTAGE 500

78

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Constant Voltage
• Welding Circuit Consists of Power Source, Wire
Feeder, and Work and Electrode Cables/Leads
• Voltage is Proportional to Arc Length
• Current Changes
Dramatically to Maintain
Constant Arc Length

79

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Constant Current
• Welding Circuit Consists of Power Source, Voltage
Sensing Wire Feeder, Work and Electrode
Cables/Leads
• Voltage is Proportional to
Arc Length
• Current Remains Constant
Even for Changes in Voltage
Due to Changes in
Arc Length

80

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Constant Voltage vs Constant Current
Constant Voltage Constant Current
• (CV) Power Source • Not Recommended
• Constant Speed Wire • (CC) Power Source
Feeder • Voltage Sensing Wire
• Voltage Sensing Wire Feeder
Feeder • General Fabrication Only
• Critical Wires - No Code Quality Work
• Code Quality Welding - No Critical Wires
• All FCAW-GS Wires - No FCAW-GS Wires

81

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Duty Cycle

The Duty Cycle of a power


source is the percentage of a ten
(10) minute period that it can
operate at the rated output
current setting.

82

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Duty Cycle
Duty Cycle Amperes Time
Available
30% 250 3 Min/10 Min
40% 225 4 Min/10 Min
50% 200 5 Min/10 Min
60% 190 6 Min/10 Min
70% 180 7 Min/10 Min
80% 170 8 Min/10 Min
90% 155 9 Min/10 Min
100% 140 10 Min/10 Min

83

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Flux Cored Arc Welding

Wire Feeders

84
Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.
Lincoln Equipment
LN-7 LN-9

LN-8

85

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Lincoln Equipment
LN-7 GMA LN-9 GMA

LF-72

86

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Lincoln Equipment
LN-10 DH-10

87

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Lincoln Equipment
PF-10M PF-10M Dual

PF-15M

88

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Lincoln Equipment
LN-25 LN-15
LN-23P

89

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


FCAW-SS Welding Guns
250 Through 600 Amp FCAW-SS Guns

90

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


FCAW-GS Welding Guns
200 Through 550 Amp FCAW-GS Guns

91

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Smoke Removal Guns
200 Through 500 Amp FCAW Guns

92

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Work Clamps
300 and 500 Amp Work Clamps
GC 300

GC 500

93

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Cables

RECOMMENDED CABLES SIZES FOR ARC WELDING


Machine Size Duty Cycle Copper Cable Sizes for Combined Lengths of Electrode Cable Plus Work Cable
In Amperes (%) Up to 50 Feet 50 - 100 Feet 100 - 150 Feet 150 - 200 Feet 200 - 250 Feet
100 20 #8 #4 #3 #2 #1
180 20 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1
180 30 #4 #4 #3 #2 #1
200 50 #3 #3 #2 #1 #1/0
200 60 #2 #2 #2 #1 #1/0
225 20 #4 #3 #2 #1 #1/0
250 30 #3 #3 #2 #1 #1/0
300 60 #1/0 #1/0 #1/0 #2/0 #3/0
400 60 #2/0 #2/0 #2/0 #3/0 #4/0
500 60 #2/0 #2/0 #3/0 #3/0 #4/0
94

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Harris Calorific Equipment
Shielding Gas Kit with Hose

Flowmeter

Flowgauge

95

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Flux Cored Arc Welding
Minor Maintenance
&
Repair

96
Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.
Minor Maintenance & Repair
Wire Feed Speed Display Split Wire Guide
Drive Rolls
Voltage Display Gun Bushing

Drive Roll Gear Incoming Guide


Voltage Control
97 Wire Feed Speed Control

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Minor Maintenance & Repair
Wire Feeder Drive Rolls

98

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Minor Maintenance & Repair
FCAW-SS Gun Assembly
Handle
Conductor Tube

Thread
Protector

Contact Tip Trigger

99

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Minor Maintenance & Repair
FCAW-GS Gun Assembly
Insulator Conductor Tube
Gas Diffuser

Gas Nozzle

Handle

Contact Tip

Gun Liner

100 Trigger
Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.
Minor Maintenance & Repair
Magnum 300 Amp Work Clamp

Frayed Cable Improper Repair


101

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Minor Maintenance & Repair
Electrical Connections

Lugged Connection Twist-Mate Connections

102

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Minor Maintenance & Repair
Compressed Gas Connections and Hoses

Hand Wheel Flowmeter

Cylinder Valve
Flow Adjustment
Valve
Cylinder Pressure Gauge

Shielding Gas Shielding


Cylinder Gas Hose

103

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Flux Cored Arc Welding

Lincoln Equipment
Setup

104
Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.
Lincoln Equipment Setup
Local/Remote
Switch
Wire Feeder
Voltmeter
Switch
On/Off
Power Switch
Wire Feeder
Voltage
Receptacle
Adjustment
Control Knob

Voltmeter
Output
Terminals Ammeter

105

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Lincoln Equipment Setup
CV - 300 Input Power Cord
Input Voltage Settings

Shielding
Gas Hose

Cylinder
Security
Chain

Instruction Panel
Wire Feeder
106
Control Cable

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Lincoln Equipment Setup
LN - 7
Wire Reel
Assembly
Wire Feed
Speed Control

Control
Cable
Trigger
Controls

107

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Lincoln Equipment Setup
LN - 10
Cold Feed Wire Reel
Gas Purge Assembly

Dual Procedure Solid State


Control Digital Meters

Trigger Controls Voltage


Control
Timers Wire Feed
Speed
Control Cable Control
Wire Drive
System

108

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Lincoln Equipment Setup
Split Wire Guide
DH - 10 Wire Feed Speed Display Drive Rolls
Voltage Display Gun Bushing

Drive Roll Gear Incoming Guide


Voltage Control
109 Wire Feed Speed Control
Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.
Lincoln Equipment Setup
350 Amp FCAW-SS Gun

Conductor Tube Handle

Contact
Tip

Thread Trigger
110 Protector
Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.
Lincoln Equipment Setup
400 Amp FCAW-GS Gun
Contact Tip Insulator Conductor Tube

Handle

Gas Nozzle

Gas Diffuser Trigger


111

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Lincoln Equipment Setup
Magnum 300 Amp Work Clamp

Tighten Lug To Secure Lug to Cable


Ground Clamp
112

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Harris Calorific Equipment Setup
Cylinder Safety
Shielding Gas Kit with Cylinder
Flowmeter Pressure Gauge Bursting Disc
Flowgauge
Hand Wheel

Flow
Adjustment
Valve

Shielding
Gas
Hose

Cylinder Valve
Cylinder Pressure Gauge
Stem
113

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


FCAW-SS - Lincoln Equipment Setup

114

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


FCAW-GS - Lincoln Equipment Setup

115

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


FCAW-SS Electrodes

116

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Electrodes
• Characterized by Long Electrical StickOut (E.S.O.)
– Typically 3/4” - 3 3/4” with + 1/8” Tolerance

• Too Long E.S.O. Causes an Unstable Arc,


Increased Spatter, and Decreased Penetration

• Too Short E.S.O. Causes Excessive Arc Length


and Premature Melting & Activation of the Core
Materials causing Porosity

117

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Core Elements
Common Core Elements & Their Function

• Aluminum Deoxidize & Denitrify

• Calcium Provide Shielding & Form Slag

• Carbon Increase Hardness & Strength

• Manganese Deoxidize & Increase Strength

• Molybdenum Increase Hardness & Strength

118

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Core Elements continued
Common Core Elements & Their Function
• Nickel Improve Hardness, Strength,
Toughness, & Corrosion Resistance
• Potassium Stabilize the Arc & Form Slag

• Silicon Deoxidize & Form Slag

• Sodium Stabilize Arc & Form Slag

• Titanium Deoxidize, Denitrify & Form Slag

119

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Core Element Functions
• Deep Penetration and High Deposition Rates
– Even Out of Position
• Mechanical & Metallurgical Properties
• Refines the Metal in the Molten Pool with
Deoxidizers and Denitrifiers
• Provides a Slag Coverage to:
– Protect the Weld
– Shape the Weld Bead
– Hold the Weld in Place for Out of Position Welding

120

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


AWS Classification

E7XT-Y
Electrode
70,000 psi Min. Tensile Strength
Welding Position
(0=Flat & Horizontal, 1= All Position)

Tubular (Flux Cored Electrode)


Usability & Performance Capabilities

121

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Electrodes
AWS Class Product Name

E70T-3 NR-1 (DC+) *, **


NR-5 (DC+) *, **

E71T-14 NR-152 *, **

E70T-10 NR-131 *
* High Speed Single Pass Welding
** Electrodes Are for Plate up to 3/16”

122

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Electrodes
AWS Class Product Name

E71T-11 NR-211MP *

E71TG-G NR-212

* Limited to 1/2” Steel

123

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Electrodes
AWS Class Product Name

E71T-7 NR-202

E71T-8J NR-203MP

E61T-8K6 NR-203 Nickel C

E71T8-K2 NR-203 Nickel C Plus

124

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Electrodes
AWS Class Product Name

E70T-6 NR-305

E70T-7 NR-311

E70T-4 NS-3M (DC+)

125

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Electrodes
AWS Class Product Name

E71T8-Ni1 NR-203Ni1%

E71T-8 NR-232

E70TG-K2 NR-311Ni

126

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Electrodes
AWS Class Product Name

E71T8-K6 NR-207
NR-207-H

E91T8-G NR-208-H

Pipe Welding Electrodes

127

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


FCAW-GS Electrodes

128

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Electrodes

• Developed Out of FCAW-SS

• FCAW-GS Not as Voltage Sensitive as FCAW-SS

129

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Core Elements
Common Core Elements & Their Function

• Aluminum Deoxidize & Denitrify

• Calcium Provide Shielding & Form Slag

• Carbon Increase Hardness & Strength

• Manganese Deoxidize & Increase Strength

• Molybdenum Increase Hardness & Strength

130

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Core Elements continued
Common Core Elements & Their Function
• Nickel Improve Hardness, Strength,
Toughness, & Corrosion Resistance
• Potassium Stabilize the Arc & Form Slag
• Silicon Deoxidize & Form Slag
• Sodium Stabilize Arc & Form Slag
• Titanium Deoxidize, Denitrify & Form Slag

131

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Core Element Functions
• Deep Penetration and High Deposition Rates
– Even Out of Position
• Mechanical & Metallurgical Properties
• Refines the Metal in the Molten Pool with
Deoxidizers and Denitrifiers
• Provides a Slag Coverage to:
– Protect the Weld
– Shape the Weld Bead
– Hold the Weld in Place for Out of Position Welding

132

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


AWS Classification

E7XT-Y
Electrode
70,000 psi Min. Tensile Strength
Welding Position
(0=Flat & Horizontal, 1= All Position)

Tubular (Flux Cored Electrode)


Usability & Performance Capabilities

133

Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc.


Electrodes
AWS Class Product Name

E70T-1 & E70T-9 Outershield 70


Outershield 70C

E70T-1H8 & E70T-9H8 Outershield HD-70

E70T-5JH4 Outershield 75C

Low Carbon Steel Electrodes - High Deposition

134

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Electrodes
AWS Class Product Name

E71T-1 & E71T-9 Outershield 71

Outershield 71M

Outershield 71 Elite

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Electrodes
AWS Class Product Name

E71T-1H8 & E71T-9H8 Outershield 71HYC

E71T-1MH8 & E71T-9MH8 Outershield 71HYM

E71T-1JH8 & E71T-9JH8 Outershield 712C

E71T-1MJH8 & E71T-9MJH8 Outershield 712M

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Electrodes
AWS Class Product Name

E81T1-K2 Outershield 81K2-H

E81T1-Ni1 Outershield 81Ni1-H

E91T1-K2 Outershield 91K2-H

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Metal Core - AWS Classification

E70C-Y
Electrode
70,000 psi Min. Tensile Strength
Metal Core Electrode
Usability & Performance Capabilities

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Electrodes
AWS Class Product Name

E70C-6M Metalshield MC-710


Metalshield MC-710XL

E90C-G Metalshield MC-900

E110C-G Metalshield MC-1100

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Flux Cored Arc Welding

Shielding
Gases

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FCAW-GS - Shielding Gases

• Carbon Dioxide

• Argon/Carbon Dioxide Mix

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CO2

• Lower Cost • Deeper Penetration

• Less Spray Transfer • Lower Strength Weld Metal

• Less Radiated Heat • Less Susceptible to Gas Marks

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AR / CO2 Balances
• 75/80/85/90 Ar/CO2 Balance
• Better Mechanical Properties
• (Charpy, Tensile, Yield)
• Lower Spatter
• Better Arc Transfer
• Lower Smoke Levels
• Higher Deposition Rates
• Especially Out of Position
• Less Penetration

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Flux Cored Arc Welding

Summary

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Flux Cored Arc Welding-SS
• A Popular Welding Process in North America
• Replacement for SMAW for Higher Productive
Efficiency
• Great for Outdoor
Welding
• Covers a Wide Variety
of Material Types
• Good on Dirty Steels
and Off Analysis Steels
• High Deposition Rates

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The FCAW Process-SS

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Flux Cored Arc Welding-GS
• A Popular Welding Process in North America
• High Efficiency and
Deposition Rates
• Covers a Wide Variety
of Material Types
• Provides Deep Penetration
• Requires a Shielding
Gas or a Gas Mixture
• Deposits Low
Hydrogen Welds

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The FCAW Process-GS

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Electrode Stickout

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Contact Tip Position

150

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Electrical Stick-Out vs Visible Stick-Out

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Travel Angle

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Bead Initiation

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Bead Formation

154

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Bead Termination

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Cross Section of a Fillet Weld

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Cross Section of a Groove Weld

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Flux Cored Arc Welding

Definitions

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Alternating Current
Alternating Current (AC): A current which reverses
at regularly recurring intervals of time (every 1/100 or
1/120 of a second) and which has alternately positive
and negative values. Modern power systems normally
generate a sinusoidal alternating current of either 50
or 60 Hertz (Hz).

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Direct Current Electrode Negative
Direct Current Electrode Negative (DCEN):The
arrangement of direct current arc welding
cables/leads in which the electrode is the
negative pole and the workpiece is the positive pole
of the welding arc.

DCEN

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Direct Current Electrode Positive
Direct Current Electrode Positive (DCEP): The
arrangement of direct current arc welding
cables/leads in which the electrode is the
positive pole and the workpiece is the negative pole
of the welding arc.

DCEP

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Constant Voltage Power Source
Constant Voltage (CV) Power Source: An arc
welding power source with a volt-ampere relationship
yielding a large welding
current change from
a small arc
voltage change.

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Constant Current Power Source
Constant Current (CC) Power Source: An arc
welding power source with a volt-ampere relationship
yielding a small welding
current change from
a large arc
voltage change.

Not Recommended for


FCAW-SS / FCAW-GS

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Customer Assistance Policy
The business of The Lincoln Electric Company is manufacturing and selling high
quality welding equipment and consumables, and cutting equipment. Our challenge is
to meet the needs of our customers and to exceed their expectations. On occasion,
purchasers may ask Lincoln Electric for advice or information about their use of our
products. We respond to our customers based on the best information in our
possession at that time. Lincoln Electric is not in a position to warrant or guarantee
such advice, and assumes no liability, with respect to such information or advice. We
expressly disclaim any warranty of any kind, including any warranty of fitness for any
customer’s particular purpose, with respect to such information or advice. As a matter
of practical consideration, we also cannot assume any responsibility for updating or
correcting any such information or advice once it has been given, nor does the
provision of information or advice create, expand or alter any warranty with respect to
the sale of our products.
Lincoln Electric is a responsive manufacturer, but the selection and use of specific
products sold by Lincoln Electric is solely within the control of, and remains the sole
responsibility of, the customer.

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