Kingdom Protist

KINGDOM
PROTISTS
Kingdom Protists
• The term ‘Protista’ is derived from the Greek word

“protistos”, meaning “the very first“. These organisms
are usually unicellular and the cell of these organisms
contains a nucleus which is bound to the organelles.
Standards
Some of them even possess structures that aid
locomotion like flagella or cilia.
• These organisms are traditionally considered the first
eukaryotic forms of life and a predecessor to plants,
animals and fungi.
Kingdom Protists
• Ernst Haeckel, a naturalist of German

descent, was the one who first introduced
the idea of the kingdom Protista in the year
Standards
1866.
• Protista are primitive eukaryotic organisms
and exhibit a wide range of diversity in
relation to size, shape, and life forms.
Characteristics of
Representatives
The primary feature of all protists is that they are eukaryotic organisms. This means that
they have a membrane-enclosed nucleus. Other characteristic features of Kingdom
Protista are as follows:
1. These are usually aquatic, present in the soil or in

areas with moisture.
Standards
2. Most protist species are unicellular organisms,

however, there are a few multicellular protists such as
kelp. Some species of kelp grow so large that they
exceed over 100 feet in height. (Giant Kelp).
Characteristics of
Representatives
3. Just like any other eukaryote, the cells of these
species have a nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles.
4.Standards
They may be autotrophic or heterotrophic in nature.
An autotrophic organism can create its own food and
survive. A heterotrophic organism, on the other hand,
has to derive nutrition from other organisms such as
plants or animals to survive.
Characteristics of
Representatives
5. Symbiosis is observed in the members of this class.
For instance, kelp (seaweed) is a multicellular protist
that provides otters, protection from predators amidst
itsStandards
thick kelp. In turn, the otters eat sea urchins that
tend to feed on kelp.
6. Parasitism is also observed in protists. Species such
as Trypanosoma protozoa can cause sleeping sickness
in humans.
Characteristics of
Representatives
7. Protists exhibit locomotion through cilia and
flagella. A few organisms belonging to the
kingdom Protista have pseudopodia that help
them to move.
Standards
8. Protista reproduces by asexual means. The

sexual method of reproduction is extremely rare
and occurs only during times of stress.
Economic Importance
of Protists
• Protists serve as the foundation of the food

chain.
• Protists are symbionts – having a close
Standards
relationship between two species in which,
one is benefited.
• Some protists also produce oxygen and may
be used to produce biofuel.
Economic Importance
of Protists
• Protists are the primary sources of food for

many animals.
• In some rare cases, Protists are harvested by
Standards
humans for food and other industrial
applications.
• Phytoplankton is one of the sole food sources
for whales
Economic Importance
of Protists
• Seaweed is an alga, which is

considered a plant-like protist.
Standards
• Zooplankton is fed on by various

sea creatures including shrimp and
larval crabs.
Phyla/ Division of
Kingdom Protist
 Protista can be split into four phyla:

Euglenophyta, Protozoa, Pyrrophyta (also
called Dinoflagellata), and Chrysophyta. It
Standards
also provides some examples of classes

belonging to each of these phyla.
Phyla/ Division of
Kingdom Protist
Standards
Phyla/ Division of
Kingdom Protist
• Protozoans are unicellular organisms.

Historically, protozoans were called “animal”
protists as they are heterotrophic and showed
Standards
animal-like behaviours.
Phyla/ Division of
Kingdom Protist
• There are also parasitic protozoans which live

in the cells of larger organisms. Most of the
members do not have a predefined shape. For
Standards
instance, an amoeba can change its shape

indefinitely but a paramecium has a definite
slipper-like shape.
Phyla/ Division of
Kingdom Protist
• The most well-known examples of protozoans

are amoeba, paramecium, and euglena. Unlike
other members of this group, euglena is a free-
Standards
living protozoan that has chlorophyll, which

means it can make its own food.
Phyla/ Division of
Kingdom Protist
The protozoans can be divided into four major

groups:
1. Amoeboid protozoans – Mostly found in

Standards
water bodies, either fresh or saline. They have

pseudopodia (false feet) which help to change
their shape and to capture and engulf food.
Phyla/ Division of
Kingdom Protist
2. Flagellated protozoans – As the

name suggests, the members of this
Standards
group have flagella. They can be free-

living as well as parasitic.
Phyla/ Division of
Kingdom Protist
3. Ciliated protozoans – They have

cilia all over their body which help in
Standards
locomotion as well as nutrition. They

are always aquatic.
Phyla/ Division of
Kingdom Protist
4. Sporozoans – These organisms are

so-called because their life cycle has a
Standards
spore-like stage.
Phyla/ Division of
Kingdom Protist
EXAMPLES OF PROTOZOA
Standards
1.Amoeba
Phyla/ Division of
Kingdom Protist
Standards
Amoeba Paramecium Euglena

Phyla/ Division of
Kingdom Protist
• Chrysophytes include diatoms and golden

algae. They are characterised by the presence
of a hard siliceous cell wall. Diatomaceous
Standards
earth is formed due to the accumulation of cell

wall deposits. They are photosynthetic
organisms.
Phyla/ Division of
Kingdom Protist
Chrysophytes Examples:
1. Diatoms
Standards
2. Dinobryon
3. Synura
Phyla/ Division of
Kingdom Protist
Standards
Diatoms Dinobryon Synura

Phyla/ Division of
Kingdom Protist
• Dinoflagellates are photosynthetic

and found in various different colours,
according to the pigment present in
Standards
them. They show bioluminescence

and known to cause red tide.
Phyla/ Division of
Kingdom Protist
Dinoflagellates Examples:
1. Peridinium
Standards
2. Noctiluca
3. Ceratium
Phyla/ Division of
Kingdom Protist
Ceratium
Peridinium Noctiluca
Phyla/ Division of
Kingdom Protist
• Euglenoids are the link between plants and

animals. They lack a cell wall but perform
photosynthesis. In the absence of sunlight,
Standards
they act as a heterotroph and feed on small

organisms. The outer body covering is a
protein-rich layer known as a pellicle.
Phyla/ Division of
Kingdom Protist
Euglenoids Examples:
1. Euglena
Standards
2. Trachelomonas
3. Phacus
Phyla/ Division of
Kingdom Protist
Euglena Trachelomonas Phacus

Quiz
TEST I.
Direction: Read the statements carefully and tell whether
the statement is TRUE or FALSE. Write TRUE if the
statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise.
Standards
1. The term "Protista" is derived from the Greek word

"protistos," meaning "the very first."
2. Protists are always multicellular organisms.

Quiz
3. The cells of protists have a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles. (True)
4. Protists are considered a link between plants,

animals,
Standards and fungi. (True)
5. The common protist-like ancestor of plants,

animals, and fungi is a known and well-documented
organism.
Quiz
6. Most protist species are autotrophic in nature.
7. Symbiosis and parasitism are observed in

members of the kingdom Protista.
Standards
8. Protists exhibit locomotion through cilia,

flagella, and pseudopodia.
Quiz
9. Protista reproduces primarily through

sexual means.
10. Slime moulds are characterized by the

Standards
presence of aggregates called plasmodium.

Quiz
TEST II. Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the BEST answer for the following
questions. Write only the letter of the correct answer.
11. What is the primary characteristic of protists?

Standards
a) Prokaryotic cells
b) Multicellularity
c) Eukaryotic cells
d) Absence of nucleus
Quiz
12. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of

protozoans?
a) Chlorophyll for photosynthesis
b) Saprophytic nutrition
Standards
c) Unicellular structure
d) Multicellular colonies
Quiz
13. What is the primary method of locomotion for

ciliated protozoans?
a) Pseudopodia
b) Flagella
Standards
c) Cilia
d) Plasmodium
Quiz
14. Which group of protists is known for causing red

tide and bioluminescence?
a) Amoeboid protozoans
b) Dinoflagellates
Standards
c) Slime moulds
d) Euglenoids
Quiz
15. What is the economic importance of protists

mentioned in the passage?
a) Predators in the food chain
b) Primary source of oxygen
Standards
c) Producers of diatomaceous earth

d) All of the above
Quiz
TEST III. ENUMERATION
16- 19. Give the four(4) major groups of

Standards
Protozoa
20. What is the topic all about?

Answer Key
TEST I.
1. True 6. False
2. False
Standards 7. True
3.True 8. True
4. True 9. False
5. False 10. True
Answer Key
TEST II.
11. C
12. C
Standards
13. C
14. B
15. D
Answer Key
TEST III.
16- 19. (CAN BE INTERCHANGE)
Amoeboid Protozoans
Standards
Flagellated Protozoans
Ciliated Protozoans
Sporozoans
20 . KINGDOM PROTISTS/PROTISTA

Kingdom Protist

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KINGDOM

• The term ‘Protista’ is derived from the Greek word

• Ernst Haeckel, a naturalist of German

1. These are usually aquatic, present in the soil or in

2. Most protist species are unicellular organisms,

8. Protista reproduces by asexual means. The

• Protists serve as the foundation of the food

• Protists are the primary sources of food for

• Seaweed is an alga, which is

• Zooplankton is fed on by various

 Protista can be split into four phyla:

also provides some examples of classes

• Protozoans are unicellular organisms.

• There are also parasitic protozoans which live

instance, an amoeba can change its shape

• The most well-known examples of protozoans

living protozoan that has chlorophyll, which

The protozoans can be divided into four major

1. Amoeboid protozoans – Mostly found in

water bodies, either fresh or saline. They have

2. Flagellated protozoans – As the

group have flagella. They can be free-

3. Ciliated protozoans – They have

locomotion as well as nutrition. They

4. Sporozoans – These organisms are

Amoeba Paramecium Euglena

• Chrysophytes include diatoms and golden

earth is formed due to the accumulation of cell

Diatoms Dinobryon Synura

• Dinoflagellates are photosynthetic

them. They show bioluminescence

• Euglenoids are the link between plants and

they act as a heterotroph and feed on small

Euglena Trachelomonas Phacus

1. The term "Protista" is derived from the Greek word

2. Protists are always multicellular organisms.

4. Protists are considered a link between plants,

5. The common protist-like ancestor of plants,

6. Most protist species are autotrophic in nature.

7. Symbiosis and parasitism are observed in

8. Protists exhibit locomotion through cilia,

9. Protista reproduces primarily through

10. Slime moulds are characterized by the

presence of aggregates called plasmodium.

11. What is the primary characteristic of protists?

12. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of

13. What is the primary method of locomotion for

14. Which group of protists is known for causing red

15. What is the economic importance of protists

c) Producers of diatomaceous earth

TEST III. ENUMERATION

16- 19. Give the four(4) major groups of

20. What is the topic all about?

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